Deck 1: The Human Organism

Question 1

Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?

A) regional
B) developmental
C) systemic
D) histology
E) surface anatomy

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The study of the body's organization by areas is

A) systemic anatomy.
B) regional anatomy.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called

A) MRI.
B) PET.
C) DSA.
D) DSR.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A cell is

A) a small structure within a molecule.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of living organisms.
D) a group of organs with a common set of functions.
E) a group of atoms with similar structure and function.

Question 5

A tissue is a

A) structure contained within a cell.
B) lower level of organization than a cell.
C) group of organs that performs specific functions.
D) group of cells with similar structure and function.
E) structure that contains a group of organs.

Question 6

An organelle is

A) a small structure within a cell.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
D) a group of organs with a common set of functions.
E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 7

Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which of the following?

A) histology
B) physiology
C) gross anatomy
D) radiology
E) cytology

Question 8

A CT scan allows for a three-dimensional image to be generated.

Question 9

The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is

A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 10

Anatomy is

A) the study of function.
B) a branch of physiology.
C) the study of structure.
D) the study of living organisms.
E) the study of homeostasis.

Question 11

An anatomic image created from sound waves is a

A) radiograph.
B) CT scan.
C) MRI.
D) sonogram.

Question 12

What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels?

A) digital subtraction angiography
B) magnetic resonance imaging
C) dynamic spatial reconstruction
D) positron emission tomography

Question 13

Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following disciplines?

A) histology
B) physiology
C) gross anatomy
D) radiology
E) regional anatomy

Question 14

An organ system is

A) a small structure within a cell.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
D) a group of organs with a common set of functions.
E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 15

The study of tissues is

A) cytology.
B) histology.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 16

The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is

A) systemic anatomy.
B) regional anatomy.
C) molecular biology.
D) microbiology.
E) surface anatomy.

Question 17

A major limitation of radiographs is that they

A) can only visualize bone.
B) give only a flat, two-dimensional image of the body.
C) are old technology that do not give good results.
D) have very few applications.

Question 18

An organ is

A) a small structure within a cell.
B) a structure composed of several tissue types.
C) the basic structural unit of all living organisms.
D) a group of molecules with a common set of functions.
E) a group of cells with similar structure and function.

Question 19

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n)

A) neurologist.
B) anatomist.
C) engineer.
D) physiologist.
E) histologist.

Question 20

Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of

A) electrons in a magnetic field.
B) carbons in a magnetic field.
C) protons in a magnetic field.
D) cells in a magnetic field.

Question 21

The changes an organism undergoes through time is called

A) organization.
B) metabolism.
C) reproduction.
D) growth.
E) development.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism?

A) effector
B) stabilizer
C) control center
D) receptor

Question 23

Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of

A) respiration.
B) digestion.
C) movement.
D) filtration.
E) responsiveness.

Question 24

Positive-feedback mechanisms are always damaging to the body.

Question 25

Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints?

A) muscular
B) nervous
C) cardiovascular
D) skeletal
E) lymphatic

Question 26

Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis?

A) As body temperature rises, sweating occurs to cool the body.
B) When a person drinks large quantities of water, urine output decreases to raise blood volume.
C) Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion to decline.
D) Decreases in blood pressure cause a corresponding decrease in heart rate.
E) As blood pressure falls, blood flow to the heart decreases.

Question 27

Which of the following systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body?

A) nervous
B) cardiovascular
C) urinary
D) lymphatic
E) respiratory

Question 28

Which of the following is most consistent with homeostasis?

A) As blood pressure falls, blood flow to cardiac (heart) muscle decreases.
B) As the mean blood pressure gradually increases in aging people, the blood vessel walls become thinner.
C) Men working in a hot environment drink large quantities of water, and their urine volume increases.
D) As body temperature decreases, blood vessels in the periphery dilate.
E) Elevated blood glucose levels cause insulin secretion (insulin causes cells to take up glucose) to increase.

Question 29

The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

A) endocrine system.
B) cardiovascular system.
C) skeletal system.
D) respiratory system.
E) digestive system.

Question 30

A researcher discovered a sensory receptor that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in the blood. According to the principles of negative feedback, it is likely that stimulation of this sensory receptor will produce which of the following types of responses?

A) a decrease in heart rate
B) an increase in the respiratory rate
C) an increase in physical activity
D) unconsciousness
E) both a decrease in heart rate and an increase in the respiratory rate

Question 31

Which of the following describes the position of the nose?

A) inferior to the chin
B) superior to the forehead
C) posterior to the ears
D) lateral to the eyes
E) superior to the mouth

Question 32

An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of

A) metabolism.
B) responsiveness.
C) organization.
D) maturation.
E) development.

Question 33

Which organ system is the location of blood cell production?

A) cardiovascular
B) skeletal
C) digestive
D) nervous
E) endocrine

Question 34

What system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?

A) respiratory
B) lymphatic
C) cardiovascular
D) immune
E) urinary

Question 35

The shoulder is _____ to the elbow.

A) lateral
B) dorsal
C) distal
D) ventral
E) proximal

Question 36

The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger).

A) distal
B) lateral
C) medial
D) proximal
E) superficial

Question 37

The anatomical term that means "away from the midline of the body" is

A) medial.
B) proximal.
C) distal.
D) lateral.
E) superficial.

Question 38

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

A) reverses the original stimulus.
B) enhances the original stimulus.
C) has no effect on the original stimulus.
D) is usually damaging to the body.
E) creates a cycle that leads away from homeostasis.

Question 39

The integumentary system

A) regulates body temperature.
B) breaks down food into small particles for absorption.
C) controls intellectual functions.
D) produces body movements.
E) coordinates and integrates body function.

Question 40

An increase in the number of cells is

A) reproduction.
B) growth.
C) differentiation.
D) metabolism.
E) organization.

Question 41

Cephalic means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 42

The antebrachial region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 43

The plantar surface is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 44

Proximal means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 45

The gluteal region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 46

While Stacy is in the process of passing over the bar during a pole vault, her hips are considered to be

A) anterior to her shoulders.
B) posterior to her shoulders.
C) inferior to her shoulders.
D) superior to her shoulders.
E) cephalic to her shoulders.

Question 47

The anatomical arm refers to the part of the upper limb from the

A) shoulder to the wrist.
B) elbow to the wrist.
C) shoulder to the elbow.
D) elbow to the fingers.
E) shoulder to the fingers.

Question 48

The antecubital region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 49

Posterior means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 50

Medial means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 51

The lumbar region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 52

The inguinal region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 53

The pectoral region is the

A) area in front of the elbow.
B) chest area.
C) lower back.
D) bottom of foot.
E) forearm.

Question 54

The brachial region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 55

A term that means "toward the attached end of a limb" is

A) medial.
B) lateral.
C) superficial.
D) distal.
E) proximal.

Question 56

Which of the following is most inferior in location?

A) pelvic cavity
B) mediastinum
C) diaphragm
D) pleural cavity
E) pericardial cavity

Question 57

The sternal region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 58

The umbilical region is commonly known as the

A) groin.
B) buttock.
C) breastbone.
D) upper arm.
E) naval.

Question 59

In the expression "Let your fingers do the walking," which of the following anatomical terms could be substituted for "fingers?"

A) tarsals
B) manuals
C) digits
D) carpals
E) metatarsals

Question 60

Deep means

A) toward the middle or midline of the body.
B) away from the surface.
C) closer to the head.
D) closer than another structure to the point of attachment to the trunk.
E) toward the back of the body.

Question 61

The popliteal region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 62

The parietal pericardium is

A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
D) space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

Question 63

The femoral region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 64

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a serous membrane called the

A) visceral pleural membrane.
B) parietal peritoneum.
C) visceral mediastinal membrane.
D) visceral peritoneum.
E) epicardium.

Question 65

The suffix "-itis" means inflammation. Which of the following terms means inflammation of the membrane lining the body cavity that contains the liver?

A) pericarditis
B) peritonitis
C) pleurisy
D) colitis
E) hepatitis

Question 66

The sural region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 67

The pleural cavity is the

A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
D) space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

Question 68

The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the _____ cavity.

A) pleural
B) thoracic
C) inguinal
D) pelvic
E) abdominal

Question 69

The visceral pleura is

A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
D) space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

Question 70

The cervical region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 71

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "B" represent?

A) diaphragm
B) mediastinum
C) pelvic cavity
D) thoracic cavity
E) abdominal cavity

Question 72

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "E" represent?

A) diaphragm
B) mediastinum
C) pelvic cavity
D) thoracic cavity
E) abdominal cavity

Question 73

The parietal peritoneum is

A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
D) space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

Question 74

A vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a _____ plane.

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) frontal
D) horizontal
E) coronal

Question 75

The axillary region is the

A) calf.
B) armpit.
C) hollow behind the knee.
D) neck.
E) thigh.

Question 76

The mesentery is

A) a double-layered serous membrane that anchors some of the abdominal organs to the body wall.
B) the serous membrane that covers the lungs.
C) the serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.
D) space located between the visceral and parietal pleura.
E) the membrane that lines the pericardial sac.

Question 77

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "A" represent?

A) diaphragm
B) mediastinum
C) pelvic cavity
D) thoracic cavity
E) abdominal cavity

Question 78

"Cutting off your nose" would be a section in the _____ plane.

A) coronal
B) nasal
C) median
D) transverse
E) sagittal

Question 79

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "D" represent?

A) diaphragm
B) mediastinum
C) pelvic cavity
D) thoracic cavity
E) abdominal cavity

Question 80

Here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. What does "C" represent?

A) diaphragm
B) mediastinum
C) pelvic cavity
D) thoracic cavity
E) abdominal cavity