Deck 3: Cell Biology

Question 1

The main components of the plasma membrane are

A) lipids and ions.
B) ions, lipids, and proteins.
C) proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
D) carbohydrates, ions, and lipids.
E) proteins and carbohydrates.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

When a sperm cell comes into contact with an egg cell, there is a change in the electrical charge across the plasma membrane and various channel proteins close. These channels would be called

A) chemical-gated channels.
B) ligand-gated channels.
C) open-gated channels.
D) nongated ion channels.
E) voltage-gated channels.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The second most abundant of the lipids in the plasma membrane is/are

A) glycolipids.
B) triglycerides.
C) phospholipids.
D) saturated fats.
E) cholesterol.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic function of a cell?

A) reproduction and inheritance
B) communication
C) movement
D) metabolism and energy use
E) synthesis

Question 5

Glycolipids would contain both lipids and

A) amino acids.
B) electrolytes.
C) proteins.
D) cholesterol.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 6

The collection of carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins of the plasma membrane is called the

A) intercellular fluid.
B) phospholipid.
C) fluid mosaic.
D) glycocalyx.
E) extracellular membrane.

Question 7

In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

A) a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
B) a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
C) tissue cultures.
D) flashlights.
E) x-rays.

Question 8

Which of the following could be used to study general features of cells?

A) binoculars
B) scanning electron microscope
C) transmission electron microscope
D) light microscope
E) a magnifying glass

Question 9

Plasma membrane phospholipids

A) have tails that face the exterior of the membrane.
B) have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
C) have polar (charged) tails.
D) are arranged in a single layer.
E) are 95% cholesterol.

Question 10

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the

A) cell.
B) plasma membrane.
C) organelle.
D) ribosome.
E) organ.

Question 11

The plasma membrane

A) is not permeable.
B) regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell.
C) has a single layer of phospholipids.
D) is a rigid protein membrane.
E) separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Question 12

All of the chemical reactions within a cell are known as cell

A) communication.
B) inheritance.
C) metabolism.
D) movement.
E) reproduction.

Question 13

The lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is

A) 1.0 $\mu$ m
B) 0.01 $\mu$ m
C) 100 $\mu$ m
D) 0.1 $\mu$ m
E) 10 $\mu$ m

Question 14

Cells produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals as a means of

A) synthesizing.
B) communicating.
C) metabolizing.
D) using energy.
E) reproducing.

Question 15

The fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane suggests that

A) phospholipids form a single lipid layer in the center of the membrane.
B) proteins form a "liquid" sea in the membrane.
C) cholesterol forms the outermost layer of the membrane.
D) the membrane is neither rigid nor static in structure.
E) proteins are not a part of the membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

A) The electron beam is focused with electromagnets.
B) The specimen must be fixed in plastic.
C) The limit of resolution is about 0.1 $\mu$ m.
D) Electrons are passed through the specimen.
E) Gives the clearest three-dimensional images.

Question 17

The predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a

A) triglyceride.
B) glycolipid.
C) phospholipid.
D) prostaglandin.
E) cholesterol.

Question 18

The environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as

A) intracellular.
B) extracellular.
C) multicellular.
D) centrocellular.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 19

Plasma membrane phospholipids

A) have nonpolar fatty acid tails.
B) form a bilayer.
C) have polar phosphate heads.
D) create a selectively permeable barrier.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane?

A) cell metabolism
B) transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum
C) recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system
D) digestion of unneeded cell organelles
E) detoxification

Question 21

A symporter will transport _____ across the cell membrane.

A) two different ions or molecules in opposite directions
B) two of the same ions or molecules in the same direction
C) two different ions or molecules in the same direction
D) two of the same ions or molecules in opposite directions
E) one specific ion or molecule

Question 22

Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind to _____ on another cell.

A) marker molecules
B) second messengers
C) channel proteins
D) receptor proteins
E) integrins

Question 23

What type of membrane proteins have an exposed site on the outer cell surface that can attach to a ligand?

A) marker molecules
B) receptor proteins
C) channel protein
D) carrier proteins
E) enzymes

Question 24

Membrane proteins that extend into the lipid bilayer are called

A) integral proteins.
B) lipoproteins.
C) peripheral proteins.
D) glycoproteins.
E) extrinsic proteins.

Question 25

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?

A) cell identity molecules - are primarily steroids
B) receptor proteins - move specific ions or molecules using ATP
C) carrier proteins - move bound ions or molecules from one side of the membrane to the other
D) channel proteins - catalyze chemical reactions inside the cell
E) peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a G-protein complex protein?

A) delta
B) gamma
C) alpha
D) beta
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 27

What type of membrane proteins form a passageway through the plasma membrane?

A) carrier proteins
B) receptor proteins
C) enzymes
D) channel protein
E) marker molecules

Question 28

What type of membrane proteins allow cells to identify one another?

A) enzymes
B) carrier proteins
C) channel protein
D) receptor proteins
E) marker molecules

Question 29

According to the most current model of the plasma membrane,

A) the membrane is a rigid unchanging structure.
B) cholesterol forms the innermost layer of the membrane.
C) phospholipids and cholesterol form a single lipid bilayer.
D) proteins are free to move about within a double layer of phospholipids.
E) the membrane is impermeable to all other molecules.

Question 30

Which type of transport proteins use cell energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane?

A) cadherins
B) leak-ion channels
C) ATP-powered pumps
D) ligand-gated ion channels

Question 31

What type of membrane proteins are integral proteins that move ions or molecules across plasma membrane?

A) carrier proteins
B) receptor proteins
C) enzymes
D) marker molecules
E) channel protein

Question 32

What type of membrane proteins can catalyze chemical reactions on the inner or outer surfaces of the plasma membrane?

A) channel protein
B) carrier proteins
C) receptor proteins
D) enzymes
E) marker molecules

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true of G-protein complex action?

A) Stimulates a cell by means of extracellular chemical signals.
B) Stimulates a cell by opening ion channels in the plasma membrane.
C) Acts as an intermediate between a receptor and other cellular proteins.
D) Stimulates a cell by activating enzymes associated with the plasma membrane.
E) Stimulates a cell by means of intracellular chemical signals.

Question 34

Channel proteins

A) allow cells to recognize one another.
B) are binding sites for other molecules.
C) utilize the G protein complex to function.
D) are found only on endoplasmic reticulum.
E) provide a tunnel through which ions or molecules can enter or leave the cell.

Question 35

What type of attachment proteins attach cells to extracellular molecules?

A) ligands
B) adherins
C) cadherins
D) integrins

Question 36

Communication between cells is essential to coordinate the activity of the trillions of cells that make up the human body. Which of the following is (are) directly involved in carrying out communication between cells?

A) lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane
B) both receptor proteins of the plasma membrane and chemical signal molecules released by cells
C) receptor proteins of the plasma membrane
D) mitochondria
E) chemical signal molecules released by cells

Question 37

Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched with its function?

A) peripheral proteins - penetrate the lipid bilayer from one surface to the other
B) nongated ion channels - are always closed
C) receptor proteins - attach to ligand molecules
D) channel proteins - are part of an intercellular communication system
E) marker molecules - are primarily steroids

Question 38

Cells that respond to ligands

A) are using electrical signals in cellular communication.
B) generally produce the ligands.
C) possess receptor sites for specific ligands.
D) are not functional.
E) have lysosomes that destroy the ligands.

Question 39

Membrane-bound receptors

A) are small, lipid soluble molecules.
B) have no effect on the cell.
C) do not exhibit specificity.
D) have their receptor sites on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
E) can interact with DNA in the nucleus.

Question 40

Molecules that serve as chemical signals to open or close gated ion channels are

A) responders.
B) ligands.
C) isotopes.
D) communicators.
E) membrane potentials.

Question 41

A group of cells was treated with a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme. Which of the following processes would be least affected by this treatment?

A) use of carrier molecules in facilitated diffusion
B) sodium-potassium exchange pump
C) secondary active transport
D) diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane
E) diffusion of sodium through sodium membrane channels

Question 42

The aroma of cookies baking in the kitchen reaches you in the living room. The distribution of this odor throughout the house is an example of

A) osmosis.
B) filtration.
C) diffusion.
D) dialysis.
E) active transport.

Question 43

In general, water-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______; and lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through the ______ ______.

A) membrane channels; membrane channels
B) membrane channels; lipid bilayer
C) lipid bilayer; membrane channels
D) lipid bilayer; lipid bilayer
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 44

A person suffered burns over a large part of his body. Evaporation of fluid from the surface of burned areas occurs. As a result of the evaporation process, cells will tend to

A) first swell and then resume their original shape.
B) rupture.
C) swell.
D) remain unchanged.
E) shrink.

Question 45

Vitamin A, a fat-soluble vitamin, would move across the plasma membrane into the cell

A) through vitamin membrane channels.
B) in vesicles.
C) by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
D) by active transport.
E) by transport with carrier molecules.

Question 46

A runner produced hypotonic sweat while running a marathon in hot weather. After the race, he drank large volumes of water. As a result of the water intake, his body cells will

A) shrink.
B) swell.
C) crenate.
D) shrivel.
E) not change.

Question 47

The greater the concentration of a solution, the greater the

A) osmotic pressure of the solution.
B) rate of facilitated diffusion.
C) tendency for water to diffuse from the solution.
D) number of carrier molecules present.
E) amount of solvent.

Question 48

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of less concentration is called

A) endocytosis.
B) osmosis.
C) diffusion.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) active transport.

Question 49

Which of the following statements concerning membrane transport across the plasma membrane is true?

A) All molecules are moved across by active transport.
B) Water cannot move through the membrane.
C) Lipid-soluble substances pass through the membrane by dissolving in the lipid bilayer.
D) Generally, cations pass through the membrane more easily than anions.
E) Polar molecules are transported more easily than nonpolar molecules.

Question 50

In the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

A) outside the cell to a region inside the cell.
B) inside the cell to a region outside the cell.
C) of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
D) of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 51

The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an example of

A) osmosis.
B) active transport.
C) bulk transport.
D) facilitated diffusion.
E) diffusion.

Question 52

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. This means

A) substances need permission to pass through it.
B) ATP is always needed to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
C) substances need carrier molecules to pass through it.
D) only gases and water can pass through it.
E) only certain substances can pass through it.

Question 53

Which of the following will increase the rate of diffusion?

A) an increase in the viscosity of the solvent
B) an increase in the temperature
C) an increase in the molecular weight of the diffusing particles
D) an increase in the distance the molecules have to travel
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 54

Solution A contains 5 grams of sugar per liter while solution B contains 2 grams of sugar per liter. The solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. If the solvent in both solutions is water, predict in which direction most of the water molecules will move.

A) move by simple diffusion from solution A to solution B
B) move by osmosis from solution B to solution A
C) move by active transport from solution B to solution A
D) move by filtration from solution A to solution B
E) There will be no movement of water.

Question 55

Salt was added to a beaker of distilled water (the water was not stirred). A sample taken from the bottom of the beaker was found to be 20% salt. At the same time, a sample taken from the top of the beaker was found to be 2% salt. After 24 hours

A) the difference in the percentage of salt between the top and bottom samples would increase.
B) the percentage of salt in top and bottom samples would be approximately equal.
C) the samples would still be 2% and 20% respectively.
D) the salt would float to the top.
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 56

Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ across a selectively permeable membrane.

A) sugar
B) sodium
C) oxygen
D) urea
E) water

Question 57

A red blood cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution

A) loses water.
B) gains water.
C) floats.
D) ruptures.
E) neither gains nor loses water.

Question 58

If 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a 0.5% saline solution

A) will not affect the cell.
B) is hypotonic to the cell.
C) will cause crenation of the cell.
D) will shrink the cell.
E) is hypertonic to the cell.

Question 59

If a 0.9% NaCl (saline) solution is isotonic to a cell, then a solution of 3.5% NaCl would be

A) hypertonic to the cell.
B) isotonic to the cell.
C) hypotonic to the cell.
D) catatonic to the cell.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 60

In _______, ions or molecules move in opposite directions.

A) uniport
B) ionport
C) antiport
D) symport
E) comport

Question 61

Pinocytosis

A) forms vesicles only when large amounts of material are being transported.
B) does not require ATP.
C) is a form of exocytosis.
D) involves ingestion of liquids rather than particles.
E) does not require the formation of vesicles.

Question 62

_____________ pressure is the force required to prevent the movement of water by osmosis across a semipermeable membrane.

A) Filtration
B) Hydrolic
C) Hydration
D) Osmotic
E) Fluid

Question 63

Arrange the following events of exocytosis in the correct sequence: (1) vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane
(2) secretory vesicles migrate to plasma membrane
(3) vesicle contents are expelled from cell
(4) secretions accumulate within secretory vesicles

A) 1, 4, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 4, 3
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 4, 2, 1, 3
E) 3, 1, 4, 2

Question 64

Which of the following are consistent with facilitated diffusion? (1) movement is against a concentration gradient
(2) movement is with a concentration gradient
(3) involves a carrier molecule
(4) involves cotransport
(5) involves counter transport
(6) exhibits competition and saturation

A) 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
B) 2, 3, 5, 6
C) 2, 3, 4, 6
D) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
E) 2, 3, 6

Question 65

Endocytosis

A) is a process that requires a carrier molecule but does not use cellular energy.
B) moves material out of the cell.
C) ends cell functions.
D) is movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
E) is the bulk uptake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation.

Question 66

Which of the following would increase the maximum rate of facilitated diffusion?

A) increase the concentration gradient of the transported molecule to the saturation point
B) decrease the concentration gradient of the transported molecule
C) increase the concentration of the competitive molecules
D) increased ATP synthesis
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 67

The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) diffusion.
D) osmosis.
E) endocytosis.

Question 68

Cyanide stops the production of ATP. Which of the following processes would be affected?

A) active transport
B) filtration
C) facilitated diffusion
D) osmosis
E) simple diffusion

Question 69

Which of the following would increase the rate of mediated transport?

A) change the shape of the binding site on the carrier molecule
B) increase the number of competitive molecules
C) remove the binding site on the carrier molecule
D) fill all binding sites on carrier molecules
E) increase the number of available carrier molecules

Question 70

The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane

A) osmotically moves sodium into cells.
B) actively transports potassium into cells.
C) actively transports water out of cells.
D) moves chlorine out of cells.
E) actively transports sodium into cells.

Question 71

White blood cells engulf foreign particles by means of

A) macrocytosis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) pinocytosis.
E) prestocytosis.

Question 72

Which transport process requires a carrier molecule but does not use cellular energy?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) osmosis
D) active transport
E) endocytosis

Question 73

Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called

A) pinocytosis.
B) biocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) calmly regulated diffusion.
E) phagocytosis.

Question 74

Which of the following events occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose?

A) Na⁺ ions and glucose are cotransported by the same carrier molecule.
B) The Na⁺-K⁺ pump maintains a Na⁺ concentration gradient inside the cell.
C) Energy comes from diffusion of Na⁺ down their concentration gradient.
D) Glucose is moved against its concentration gradient into the cell.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 75

A particular membrane transport process exhibits saturation, uses carrier molecules, but does NOT require ATP. The process is probably

A) active transport.
B) osmosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) pinocytosis.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 76

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A) moves materials out of the cell.
B) is a type of passive transport.
C) exhibits specificity.
D) does not need ATP; the receptors supply the energy.
E) occurs if oxygen is available.

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT consistent with active transport?

A) uses cell energy
B) movement is against a concentration gradient
C) movement is with a concentration gradient
D) exhibits competition and saturation
E) involves a carrier

Question 78

The movement of molecules against their concentration gradient is called

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) diffusion.
D) endocytosis.
E) osmosis.

Question 79

All of the following processes can move substances out of a cell EXCEPT

A) diffusion.
B) phagocytosis.
C) active transport.
D) osmosis.
E) exocytosis.

Question 80

Active transport

A) requires ATP.
B) involves vesicle formation.
C) does not require metabolic energy (ATP).
D) can move substances along their concentration gradient.
E) follows osmotic pressure gradients.