Deck 28: Reproductive System

Question 1

Which function of the reproductive system is solely a function of the female reproductive system?

A) production of reproductive hormones
B) fertilization
C) production of gametes
D) development and nourishment of a new individual

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What process converts a spermatid to a mature sperm cell?

A) spermatogenesis
B) cryptorchidism
C) gubernaculum
D) spermiogenesis

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Contraction of the cremaster and dartos muscles

A) causes the epididymis to shrink.
B) increases during exercise.
C) pull the testes closer to the body.
D) is responsible for ejaculation.
E) causes the penis to become erect.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following substances found in sustentacular cells may be the active hormones that promote sperm cell formation?

A) IgA and IgG
B) sustentaculum and gubernaculum
C) dihydrotestosterone and estrogen
D) androgen-binding protein and testosterone
E) estrogen and progesterone

Question 5

The location of the testes and epididymides in the scrotum

A) allows more room for other organs in the abdominal cavity.
B) keeps these organs close to the penis.
C) provides a temperature that is suitable for normal sperm development.
D) keeps them isolated from the accessory glands of the system.
E) helps to protect them.

Question 6

Which of the following structures is located within the perineum?

A) dartos
B) seminal vesicles
C) femoral triangle
D) urogenital triangle
E) navel

Question 7

What are the female gametes?

A) oocytes
B) ovaries
C) sperm
D) uterus

Question 8

Sperm are produced in the

A) rete testis.
B) efferent ductules.
C) seminiferous tubules.
D) interstitial cells.
E) vas deferens.

Question 9

Which of the following cell types is diploid?

A) spermatid
B) mature sperm
C) primary spermatocyte
D) secondary spermatocyte
E) spermatozoa

Question 10

Male infants can be born with an undescended testis. This means that the testis

A) lacks hormonal cells.
B) covers the top of the scrotum.
C) has lost its blood supply.
D) remains in the abdominopelvic cavity.
E) has not properly formed.

Question 11

The opening in the abdominal wall through which the testes descend is the

A) spermatic cord.
B) gubernaculum.
C) inguinal canal.
D) process vaginalis.
E) perineal opening.

Question 12

Which of the following hormones is produced by the testis?

A) testosterone
B) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 13

Optimum temperature for sperm production is 3 degrees cooler than body temperature. In which of the following locations would the testes produce the most sperm?

A) scrotal sac
B) pelvic cavity
C) abdominal cavity
D) vas deferens
E) inguinal canal

Question 14

The thick white capsule that covers each testes is called the

A) raphe.
B) tunica adventitia.
C) tunica albuginea.
D) Leydig capsule.
E) tunica alba.

Question 15

What structure contains enzymes needed by a sperm to penetrate an oocyte?

A) acrosome
B) gubernaculum
C) sustentacular cells
D) androgen-binding protein

Question 16

The sustentacular cells

A) mature to form sperm cells.
B) produce testosterone.
C) provide nourishment for development of sperm.
D) cover and protect most of the testes.
E) produce seminal fluid.

Question 17

The blood-testis barrier

A) feeds sustentacular cells.
B) keeps blood from engorging the testis.
C) is formed by the primary spermatocytes.
D) isolates sperm cells from the immune system.
E) nourishes the developing spermatozoa.

Question 18

Which of the following structures would be found in the spermatic cord?

A) epididymis
B) ductus deferens
C) seminal vesicle
D) ejaculatory duct
E) interstitial cells

Question 19

Which of the following cell types is formed at the end of the first meiotic division?

A) spermatid
B) spermatogonia
C) primary spermatocyte
D) secondary spermatocyte
E) spermatozoa

Question 20

The interstitial cells or Leydig cells

A) produce sperm.
B) form the wall of the rete testis.
C) cover the testis with a white tunic.
D) secrete seminal fluid.
E) secrete testosterone.

Question 21

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the

A) prepuce.
B) crus penis.
C) glans penis.
D) corpora cavernosa.
E) bulb of penis.

Question 22

A primary spermatocyte is a diploid cell that gives rise to two secondary spermatocytes after the first meiotic division. The primary spermatocyte has

A) 92 chromosomes.
B) 46 chromosomes.
C) 23 chromosomes.
D) 13 chromosomes.
E) no chromosomes.

Question 23

The spongy urethra is surrounded by the

A) corpus cavernosum.
B) prostate gland.
C) corpus spongiosum.
D) bulbourethral glands.

Question 24

Semen is

A) produced solely by the testis.
B) a vaginal secretion needed to activate sperm.
C) sperm cells plus the secretions of accessory glands.
D) responsible for engorgement of erectile tissue of the penis.
E) is composed only of sperm cells.

Question 25

Most of the seminal fluid is produced

A) by the testes.
B) by the seminal vesicles.
C) by the prostate gland.
D) by the bulbourethral glands.
E) by the ejaculatory duct.

Question 26

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) ductus deferens - vas deferens
B) epididymis - site of sperm maturation
C) spermatic cord - passes through inguinal canal
D) stereocilia - forms sperm tails
E) midpiece - mitochondria

Question 27

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) prepuce - skin that covers the glans penis
B) corpora cavernosa - forms the foreskin
C) glans penis - contains external urethral opening
D) corpus spongiosum - expands to form the glans penis
E) membranous urethra - between prostatic and spongy urethra

Question 28

Which portion of the sperm cell is most involved with penetration of the female sex cell?

A) nucleus
B) acrosome
C) midpiece
D) tail
E) centriole

Question 29

Erection of the penis occurs when

A) the pubic bones move together.
B) the bulbourethral muscles contract.
C) lymphatic fluid accumulates in the glans penis.
D) penile erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood.
E) smooth muscle contraction occurs in ductus deferens.

Question 30

The male urethra

A) has numerous mucous-secreting glands.
B) extends through the length of the penis.
C) is lined with ciliated cuboidal epithelium.
D) extends from the prostate gland to the ductus deferens.
E) is shorter than the female urethra.

Question 31

The duct from the seminal vesicle joins the ductus deferens to form the

A) prostatic urethra.
B) epididymis.
C) sperm cord.
D) ejaculatory duct.
E) spongy urethra.

Question 32

Smooth muscle contractions help to propel sperm in the

A) rete testis.
B) ductus deferens.
C) seminal receptacle.
D) seminiferous tubule.
E) ejaculatory duct.

Question 33

The longest portion of the male urethra is the

A) prostatic urethra.
B) membranous urethra.
C) spongy urethra.
D) ductile urethra.
E) glans penal urethra.

Question 34

Sperm are produced in the _____ and complete maturation in the _____.

A) epididymis; testes
B) ductus deferens; epididymis
C) seminiferous tubules; prostate gland
D) seminiferous tubules; epididymis
E) seminiferous tubules; vas deferens

Question 35

Arrange the following structures in the order sperm would pass through them from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra. (1) ductus deferens (vas deferens)
(2) efferent ductules
(3) epididymis
(4) ejaculatory duct
(5) rete testis

A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4
B) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
C) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5
D) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1
E) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4

Question 36

In males, both urine and male reproductive fluids travel through the

A) ureter.
B) urethra.
C) epididymis.
D) spermatic cord.
E) ductus deferens.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is false?

A) The seminal vesicles open into the membranous urethra.
B) The prostate gland surrounds the prostatic urethra and ejaculatory ducts.
C) The bulbourethral glands enter the spongy urethra at the base of the penis.
D) The prostate gland contains smooth muscle partitions covered with columnar epithelium.
E) The seminal vesicles are sac-shaped glands located next to the ampullae of the ductus deferentia.

Question 38

The penis consists of _____ columns of erectile tissue.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five
E) six

Question 39

The ductus deferens

A) stores sperm until ejaculation.
B) travels through the bladder.
C) ascends the abdominal cavity along the posterior side of the kidney.
D) passes through the inguinal canal and enters the pelvic cavity.
E) passes just beneath the skin to the penis.

Question 40

The accessory glands located near the membranous urethra are the

A) seminal vesicles.
B) inguinal glands.
C) bulbourethral glands.
D) seminal receptacles.
E) penal glands.

Question 41

Which of the following glands is correctly matched with its function?

A) seminal vesicles - provide nutrients for sperm
B) prostate - lubricates the penis during intercourse
C) bulbourethral glands - produce a thin, sweet fluid
D) testes - produce most of the semen
E) prostate - contributes most of the fluid

Question 42

Erection and ejaculation can be initiated by

A) manual stimulation of the penis.
B) contraction of smooth muscle.
C) impulses from the cerebellum.
D) increased blood levels of testosterone.
E) increased levels of LH and FSH.

Question 43

Given the following glands, choose the arrangement that represents the order in which the glands release their secretions to form semen. (1) prostate gland
(2) bulbourethral glands
(3) seminal vesicles

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 1, 3
C) 3, 1, 2
D) 3, 2, 1
E) 2, 3, 2

Question 44

Which of the following statements concerning testosterone is true?

A) It prevents hair loss in pattern baldness.
B) It promotes atrophy of the larynx.
C) It can lead to an increase in muscle mass.
D) It causes the skin and hair to soften.
E) It decreases metabolic rate in males.

Question 45

Once GnRH is released from the hypothalamus and enters the hypothalamohypophysial portal system,

A) testosterone is released from the anterior pituitary.
B) the interstitial cells produce inhibin.
C) estrogen production increases.
D) FSH and LH secretion will occur.
E) it will inhibit FSH and LH secretion.

Question 46

Which of the following hormones would decrease if an adult male were castrated (testes removed)?

A) GnRH
B) FSH
C) LH
D) testosterone
E) ADH

Question 47

Which of the following substances are found in the secretions of the prostate gland?

A) mucous and fibrinogen
B) fructose and mucous
C) fibrinolysin and clotting factors
D) prostaglandins and sperm
E) acid and mucous

Question 48

Which of the following hormones stimulates the synthesis of testosterone by the fetal testes?

A) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
B) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
D) luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH)
E) estrogen

Question 49

Luteinizing hormone (LH) binds to interstitial (Leydig) cells and

A) inhibits sustentacular cells.
B) promotes sperm cell production by the interstitial cells.
C) decreases testosterone production by the interstitial cells.
D) stimulates GnRH levels to increase in the testes.
E) increases testosterone production by the interstitial cells.

Question 50

Following ejaculation, a phase called resolution occurs. During resolution

A) a second ejaculation occurs.
B) a feeling of satisfaction occurs.
C) erection of the penis is maintained.
D) sperm production increases.
E) orgasm occurs.

Question 51

Discharge of semen into the prostatic urethra is called

A) erection.
B) emission.
C) ejaculation.
D) ovulation.
E) ejection.

Question 52

A pituitary tumor interferes with FSH secretion. How would this effect a male?

A) He would develop a feminine body contour.
B) He would not produce sperm.
C) He would have an erection.
D) There would be no effect as FSH is found only in females.
E) He would produce too many sperm.

Question 53

The secretions produced by the prostate gland

A) are acidic.
B) contain fructose.
C) contain mucous.
D) constitute about 30% of the semen.
E) constitute about 90% of the semen.

Question 54

What is the active hormone in target tissues of testosterone such as the penis?

A) testosterone
B) FSH
C) ICSH
D) dihydrotestosterone

Question 55

Which of the following substances found in semen is mismatched with its function?

A) fructose - nourishes sperm
B) mucous - lubricates urethra
C) fibrinogen - transient coagulation of semen
D) prostaglandins - cause urethral contractions
E) prostaglandins - cause uterine contractions

Question 56

The major factor controlling the onset of puberty in males is

A) a decrease in GnRH levels.
B) the production of testosterone by the testes.
C) the ability of the pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
D) the hypothalamus becoming less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of androgens.
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 57

A lack of testosterone production before birth would

A) inhibit normal development of male reproductive structures.
B) inhibit anterior pituitary secretions.
C) inhibit hypothalamus development.
D) inhibit FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary.
E) have no effect.

Question 58

The forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra caused by contraction of smooth muscle in the urethra and skeletal muscle surrounding the base of the penis is called

A) ejaculation.
B) neutralization.
C) physiological contracture.
D) emission.
E) orgasm.

Question 59

Which of the following effects on the body can NOT be attributed to testosterone?

A) enlargement of male genitalia
B) growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair
C) hypertrophy of the larynx
D) increased calcium excretion
E) rapid bone growth

Question 60

A blood test for the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is useful in the diagnosis of

A) prostatitis.
B) prostatic atrophy.
C) prostatic cancer.
D) prostatic infection.
E) urinary tract infection.

Question 61

What is the role of NO (nitric oxide) in the male sex act?

A) dilation of blood vessels in the penis
B) activation of a G protein
C) secretion of mucous
D) contraction of somatic muscles of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 62

The ovary is surrounded by a capsule of fibrous connective tissue called the

A) mesovarium.
B) tunica albuginea.
C) peritoneum.
D) medulla.
E) tunica alba.

Question 63

"Zygote" is the term used to describe the

A) Graafian oocyte.
B) primary oocyte.
C) secondary oocyte.
D) fertilized oocyte.
E) sperm just before fertilization.

Question 64

The secondary oocyte completes the second meiotic division when

A) the mature follicle ruptures.
B) it is penetrated by a sperm cell.
C) it is implanted in the uterus.
D) it receives both estrogen and progesterone.
E) ovulation occurs.

Question 65

As a secondary follicle enlarges,

A) the granulosa cells are replaced with fluid.
B) the secondary oocyte divides by mitosis.
C) a theca or capsule is formed around it.
D) the zona pellucida becomes thinner.
E) the fluid within it is reduced.

Question 66

The ovary is attached to the superior margin of the uterus by the

A) mesovarium.
B) broad ligament.
C) ovarian ligament.
D) suspensory ligament.
E) round ligament.

Question 67

A primary oocyte with a single layer of granulosa cells is most appropriately called

A) a primordial follicle.
B) a secondary follicle.
C) a mature follicle.
D) the corpus luteum.
E) a graafian follicle.

Question 68

A follicle containing a secondary oocyte and a single fluid-filled antrum is called a _____ follicle.

A) primary
B) Graafian or mature
C) secondary
D) primordial
E) tertiary

Question 69

The ovaries and uterus are held in position within the pelvis by bands of tissue called

A) follicles.
B) muscles.
C) endometrium.
D) ligaments.
E) tendons.

Question 70

A primary follicle contains

A) vesicles.
B) an antrum.
C) several layers of granulosa cells.
D) a mature egg.
E) the theca.

Question 71

Fertilization occurs when the

A) oocyte ruptures from the ovary.
B) oocyte is implanted in the uterus.
C) sperm head enters the zygote.
D) nuclei of the secondary oocyte and the sperm cell unite.
E) sperm enter vagina.

Question 72

Of the two million primary oocytes in the ovaries at birth, only about _____ are ovulated.

A) 40
B) 400
C) 2,000
D) 4,000
E) 400,000

Question 73

In a mature follicle, the oocyte lies in a mass of follicular cells called the

A) theca interna.
B) zona pellucida.
C) granulosa.
D) cumulus mass.
E) theca externa.

Question 74

Arrange the following events in correct sequence: (1) inflation and rigidity of erectile tissue
(2) arteries supplying blood to erectile tissue dilate
(3) blood fills erectile tissue sinusoids and compresses veins

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 2, 3, 1
C) 3, 2, 1
D) 2, 1, 3
E) 1, 3, 2

Question 75

Which of the following events occurs in an erection?

A) vasoconstriction of arteries leading to erectile tissue of penis
B) engorgement of erectile tissue of penis with blood
C) dilation of venules leading from erectile tissue of penis
D) relaxation of internal sphincter of urinary bladder
E) decrease of blood flow to the penis

Question 76

Which of the following is produced in the ovary and then leaves the ovary?

A) testosterone
B) corpus luteum
C) secondary oocyte
D) FSH
E) menstrual blood

Question 77

Arrange the following events in the correct sequence: (1) ejaculation
(2) emission
(3) erection

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 1, 2
C) 3, 2, 1
D) 1, 3, 2
E) 2, 3, 1

Question 78

Which of the following events in the male sex act occurs last and results in ejaculation?

A) peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens
B) contractions of skeletal muscle at the base of the penis
C) constriction of the internal sphincter of the urinary bladder
D) release of secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland
E) semen accumulates in the prostatic urethra

Question 79

Impotence occurs when

A) the erectile tissues of the penis fill with blood.
B) semen accumulates in the urethra.
C) an erection cannot be achieved or maintained.
D) semen moves out of the urethra.
E) sperm cell production decreases.

Question 80

The release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary is called

A) ovulation.
B) fertilization.
C) sporulation.
D) implantation.
E) oocyte release.