Deck 29: Population Ecology

Question 1

Which of the following regions will experience a huge increase in their population growth rates over the next 20 or 25 years?

A) Russia
B) Western Europe
C) Australia
D) Africa

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which trait is characteristic of a K-selected species?

A) It is not adapted to rapidly changing environments.
B) It usually has a single reproductive event.
C) It provides substantial parental care to offspring.
D) It has a small size of offspring.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Suppose that your friend asked you to explain population size to them. Which of the following should you tell them?

A) It is the number of individuals making up the population at any time.
B) It is the number of individuals making up the population at a specified time.
C) It is the number of individuals per unit area of habitat.
D) It is the number of individuals per unit volume of habitat.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Suppose that you are studying nests in colonies of colonial birds. What distribution type would you most likely find?

A) uniform
B) random
C) clumped
D) dense

Question 5

Malaria is a disease that is spread by mosquito bites. What causes it?

A) a worm
B) a parasite
C) a virus
D) a decomposer

Question 6

What caused a little dip in the mid-fourteenth century in the human population growth?

A) hunger
B) the bubonic plague
C) domestication of plants
D) domestication of animals

Question 7

Why is controlling malaria an example of a Sisyphean problem?

A) It is an easy problem.
B) It is approached as a high risk.
C) It is an eternal frustration.
D) It is easily eradicated.

Question 8

Which of the following is descriptive of a population experiencing exponential population growth?

A) The graph of growth produces an S-shaped curve.
B) ÄN/Ät is increasing.
C) The population decreases at an increasing rate.
D) The resources are limited.

Question 9

Which term refers to distributions that tend to occur in populations in which individuals repel each other because resources are in short supply?

A) clumped
B) random
C) uniform
D) unpredictable

Question 10

Suppose that you are studying generation time in a population. Which of the following are you most likely studying?

A) the average time between the birth of an organism and the birth of its offspring in the population
B) the average duration of life of organisms in the population
C) the average success in reproduction of organisms in the population
D) the success of predation in the population

Question 11

In which ways has the human population avoided the effects of density-dependent regulating factors?

A) expansion to new terrains; isolation as a species; and domestication of animals and plants
B) expansion to new terrains; domestication of animals and plants; and advancement in public health
C) expansion to new terrains; feeding on other species; and advancement in public health
D) expansion to new terrains; isolation as a species; and advancement in public health

Question 12

Suppose that a population of 100 animals in logarithmic growth has r_max = 0.4 and K = 102. Also suppose that r = r_max(K - N)/K. What is the value of r?

A) 0.792
B) 0.580
C) 0.078
D) 0.0078

Question 13

Figure 29-1
Which survivorship curve in in Figure 29-1 best fits humans who live in environments with good medical care?

A) type I, shown in graph A
B) type I, shown in graph C
C) type III, shown in graph B
D) type III, shown in graph A

Question 14

Suppose that you want to monitor populations of endangered species. Which of these criteria would you use?

A) Population density and habitat.
B) Population size and geographical range.
C) Population size and density.
D) Population geographical range.

Question 15

Which of following factors is an intrinsic control to population growth?

A) increased volcanic eruptions
B) increased dispersal
C) increased predation
D) humans

Question 16

In the logistic model of population growth, what is expected to happen to r when N > K?

A) r will approach r_max.
B) r will be greater than 0.
C) r will approach 1.
D) r will be less than 0.

Question 17

Figure 29-1
Sea turtles are likely to die when they are young, but if they reach a large size, they have a good chance of surviving. Which survivorship curve in Figure 29-1 best fits sea turtles?

A) type I, shown in graph C
B) type II, shown in graph B
C) type III, shown in graph A
D) type III, shown in graph C

Question 18

Which factor is a density-dependent regulator of population size?

A) drought
B) flood
C) hurricane
D) disease

Question 19

What does the allocation of resources for survival, growth, and maximal reproduction determine?

A) the life history of a species
B) the survivorship curve of a species
C) the dispersion of a species
D) the age-specific fecundity of a species

Question 20

Number of offspring and the amount of care provided to each offspring by their parents evolved along with which of the following characteristics?

A) the number of reproductive episodes
B) the chance of survival to adulthood
C) type of parental care
D) fecundity

Question 21

Egg yolk and seed endosperm are examples of passive parental care.

Question 22

What would a human population living without medical care in Third World conditions probably have?

A) an r value = 0
B) a pyramid-shaped age structure diagram
C) a rectangle-shaped age structure diagram
D) an r value < 0

Question 23

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
age-specific fecundity

Question 24

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
emigration

Question 25

Uniform dispersion usually results from individuals of a species attracting each other.

Question 26

Suppose a human population has an age structure diagram that is narrower at the base than at the top. What would that population have?

A) an r value > 0
B) (K - N)/K < 1
C) an r value < 0
D) an r value = 0

Question 27

What effect did golden eagles colonized on the Channel Islands have on the population of island foxes?

Question 28

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
population density

Question 29

What are some density-dependent factors that affect humans at higher population densities, and how have these been addressed in industrial societies?

Question 30

A cohort is a group of individuals of the same gender.

Question 31

At which stage of a country's demographic transition do birth rates generally reach their highest point?

A) at the preindustrial stage
B) at the transitional stage
C) at the post-industrial stage
D) at the industrial stage

Question 32

Logistic population growth describes growth without limitation.

Question 33

Clumped populations may reflect the distribution of essential resources.

Question 34

"Humans have two options for limiting population growth: we can make a global effort to limit our own population, or we can wait until the environment does it for us." Briefly address each scenario. What methods would result in a successful global decline in birth rate? What environmental events are the alternatives?

Question 35

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
exponential population growth

Question 36

Match each term with its definition.
a.population increasing steadily by a constant ratio
b.average number of offspring produced by females during each age interval
c.population growth slowing as population approaches K
d.number of individuals per unit area or unit volume
e.movement out of a population
logistic model

Question 37

Parasitism is a density-independent factor of population control.

Question 38

An S-shaped curve is characteristic of logistic population growth.

Question 39

What characteristics are consistent with a K-selected species? Where do humans fall on the r through K continuum?

Question 40

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
exponential model of population growth

Question 41

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
extensive parental care

Question 42

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
good tolerance of environmental change

Question 43

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curv
e.
a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
high juvenile mortality followed by increased chance of survival as adult

Question 44

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
large offspring

Question 45

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
low mortality rate

Question 46

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curv
e.
a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
typical of humans

Question 47

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
one reproductive episode

Question 48

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
change in population size

Question 49

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
logistic model of population growth

Question 50

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
long life span

Question 51

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
per capita death rate

Question 52

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
early timing of first reproduction

Question 53

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
small clutch or brood size

Question 54

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
fluctuating population size

Question 55

Match each description to an equation.
a.ÄN/Ät = B - D
b.dN/dt = (b - d)N
c.dN/dt = r_maxN
d.d = (D/N)
e.dN/dt = r_maxN(K - N)/K
population growth under ideal conditions

Question 56

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curv
e.
a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
constant rate of mortality in all age classes

Question 57

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
little or no parental care

Question 58

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
zero growth

Question 59

Match each statement with the most appropriate survivorship curv
e.
a.type I
b.type II
c.type III
typical of Cleome droserifolia

Question 60

Categorize each trait as belonging predominantly to an r-selected species or a K-selected species.
a.r-selected
b.K-selected
short maturation time

Question 61

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
post-reproductive

Question 62

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
rapid growth

Question 63

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
reproductive

Question 64

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
pre-reproductive

Question 65

Use the list of terms to identify each lettered part of the illustration.
negative growth