Deck 13: Defining Psychological Disorders

Question 1

The purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to provide:

A)descriptions of the symptoms associated with categories of disorders
B)precise descriptions of the symptoms of disorders
C)recommendations for treatment
D)explanations of the causes of disorders

Answer 1

descriptions of the symptoms associated with categories of disorders

Question 2

The frequency with which a disorder occurs in a population is termed its __________.

A)concordance
B)incidence
C)occurrence rate
D)prevalence

Answer 2

prevalence

Question 3

Which DSM-IV-TR axis is correctly described

A)I - personality disorders and mental retardation
B)II - clinical disorders
C)III - social and cultural factors
D)IV - physical conditions

Answer 3

III - social and cultural factors

Question 4

Which alternative correctly pairs a component of the bio-psycho-social model of illness with an example

A)social - irrational thought patterns may be related to depression
B)biological - excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be implicated in schizophrenia
C)psychological - schizophrenia is more common in low-SES communities
D)All of these are correctly paired.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of the psychological component of the bio-psycho-social model of illness

A)Irrational thought patterns may be related to depression
B)Excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be implicated in schizophrenia
C)Schizophrenia is more common in low SES communities
D)People who live in rural areas have less access to mental health care

Question 6

Which of the following defines prevalence

A)The frequency with which a disorder occurs in a population
B)The number of new cases of a disorder every year
C)The number of psychotherapists per population unit
D)The number of genes that influence a disorder

Question 7

Which of the following terms best captures the meaning of the term abnormal

A)distressing
B)dysfunctional
C)deviant
D)All of these capture some part of the meaning of abnormal

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of the social component of the bio-psycho-social model of illness

A)Irrational thought patterns may be related to depression
B)Excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be implicated in schizophrenia
C)Schizophrenia is more common in low SES communities
D)People who score higher on neuroticism also have more psychological disorders

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the biological component of the bio-psycho-social model of illness

A)Irrational thought patterns may be related to depression
B)Excesses of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be implicated in schizophrenia
C)Schizophrenia is more common in low SES communities
D)People with more social support have fewer illnesses

Question 10

With respect to the DSM-IV-TR, Axis I is to Axis _____ as clinical disorders are to __________.

A)II; personality disorders
B)II; physical conditions
C)III; physical conditions
D)both A and C

Question 11

Which DSM-IV-TR category of clinical disorders is CORRECTLY paired with an example

A)dissociative disorders - fugue
B)anxiety disorders - bipolar disorder
C)somatoform disorders - obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)mood disorders - conversion disorder

Question 12

A disgrace or defect that indicates that a person belongs to a culturally-devalued group is known as a

A)prejudice
B)stimulation
C)discrimination judgment
D)stigma

Question 13

Substance abuse disorder occurs more frequently among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder than among persons who are not diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Substance abuse disorder and bipolar disorder are therefore _________.

A)correlated
B)concordant
C)coincident
D)comorbid

Question 14

What do ADHD and autism have in common

A)The two disorders have nothing in common.
B)ADHD and autism are both anxiety disorders.
C)The symptoms of both disorders appear in adulthood.
D)Both disorders are diagnosed more frequently than they were in the past.

Question 15

According to your text, normal and abnormal behavior are best viewed as:

A)discrete categories
B)orthogonal dimensions
C)ends of a continuum
D)parallel continua

Question 16

The content of the DSM:

A)changes from edition to edition
B)is influenced by social trends
C)may reflect Western cultural biases
D)A, B, and C

Question 17

When using the DSM-IV-TR's system of axes,

A)multiple types of information are gathered on a patient.
B)many alternative diagnoses are made for each patient.
C)different diagnostic criteria are used for different patients, depending on the specific case.
D)information on six different dimensions are multiplied to create a diagnosis.

Question 18

Which therapist is correctly matched with the component of the bio-psycho-social model that seems to inform her practice

A)Dr.Coates primarily prescribes psychotropic drugs-biological
B)Dr.Pugliese tries to shape new, more adaptive behaviors in his clients-psychological
C)Dr.Donnelly encourages the development of more realistic thought processes in his clients-psychological
D)All of these therapists are correctly matched.

Question 19

Approximately 1 in every ______ Americans are affected by a psychological disorder during any one year.

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)10

Question 20

Which of the following pieces of evidence support the inclusion of a social component in a model of illness

A)General declines in psychological functioning are seen during economic downturns.
B)African Americans are more likely than whites to be hospitalized involuntarily for psychological disorders.
C)Schizophrenia is diagnosed more frequently among lower SES individuals than among middle or high SES individuals.
D)All of these support the inclusion of a social component.

Question 21

Currently, disorders related to autism and Asperger's syndrome affect ______% of American children; this figure has _________ in recent years.

A)0.5%; remained stable
B)0.5%; increased
C)1%; remained stable
D)1%; increased

Question 22

__________ is a developmental disorder appearing early in life. It is characterized by profound deficits in verbal and nonverbal communication.

Question 23

Which of the following terms may be eliminated from the upcoming DSM-V in 2013

A)Asperger's syndrome
B)autism
C)attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)None of these will be eliminated.

Question 24

Which of the following defines phobic disorder

A)Sense of impending doom, along with intense physiological arousal
B)Persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry
C)Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, or urges to perform specific behaviors
D)Intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Question 25

ADHD stands for which of the following

A)Anxiety Disorder with High Depression
B)Anxiety Disorder/hyperactivity Disorder
C)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D)Attention-disorder with lower hyperactivity

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the major types of anxiety disorder

A)phobic disorder
B)panic disorder
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Question 27

Recall the bio-psycho-social model of illness. In the past, autism was generally explained with respect to the _________ component of the model. Today, autism is considered mainly a __________ disorder.

A)social; biological
B)biological; social
C)biological; psychological
D)social; psychological

Question 28

A behavior that is sufficiently unusual may be considered disordered on that basis alone.

Question 29

The brains of people with ADHD differ structurally from those of people without the disorder.

Question 30

The five domains of assessment when the DSM-IV-TR is used are termed ________.

Question 31

Which of the following is most true about ADHD

A)ADHD is overwhelmingly a biological disorder.
B)ADHD mostly reflects broad social factors, like poverty.
C)ADHD mostly reflects family stress
D)Factors associated with ADHD range from the biological to the social.

Question 32

Dr. Rhodes is trying to help a client think differently, in more realistic and less anxiety-provoking ways. Dr. Rhodes's practice reflects the psychological component of the _________ model of illness.

Question 33

Which of the following best defines autistic disorder

A)A disorder of neural development characterized by impaired social interaction and repetitive behavior
B)A disorder characterized by persistent worry and hostile behavior
C)A disorder characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts and behavior
D)A disorder characterized by disorganized and anti-social behavior

Question 34

The symptoms of autism are quite different from those of Asperger's syndrome.

Question 35

With respect to gender differences in its prevalence, ADHD:

A)is about equally likely to occur in males and females
B)is about 25% more likely to occur in males than in females
C)is about 70% more likely to occur in males than in females
D)is about 25% more likely to occur in females than in males

Question 36

Psychologists refer to a feeling of apprehension and tension as:

A)mania
B)depression
C)anxiety
D)reactance

Question 37

Twin studies conducted by __________ indicate that the heritability of autism may be as high as _______%.

A)molecular geneticists; 50%
B)molecular geneticists; 75%
C)molecular geneticists; 90%
D)behavioral geneticists; 90%

Question 38

Ritalin is often used to treat __________. With respect to its drug class, Ritalin is a(n) __________.

A)ADHD; opioid
B)ADHD; stimulant
C)ADHD; depressant
D)autism; opioid

Question 39

Dex is troubled by his own methamphetamine use. Moreover, he has been written up twice lately for missing shifts at work. By these criteria, Dex's behavior is __________.

Question 40

The DSM organizes diagnoses along five axes.

Question 41

Which of the following statements DOES NOT accurately describe a broad similarity between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder

A)Both involve long-term, persistent anxiety
B)Both involve a number of physical symptoms.
C)Neither one is triggered by a specific stimulus.
D)All these statements describe similarities between panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 42

Brett has an intense, irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects. Brett might be diagnosed with:

A)panic disorder
B)a phobia
C)generalized anxiety disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 43

Thomas is experiencing nausea, a feeling of dread, and heart palpitations. He is most likely suffering from:

A)dissociative amnesia
B)Munchausen's Syndrome
C)a dissociative fugue
D)a panic attack

Question 44

Your text suggests that dissociative disorders generally occur as a result of:

A)chronic substance abuse
B)sudden brain injury
C)extremely stressful or traumatic episodes
D)neurotransmitter deficits

Question 45

Which of the following defines dissociative amnesia

A)An individual displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
B)An individual experiences a significant, selective memory loss of about anxiety-provoking event.
C)An individual takes a sudden, impulsive trip and assumes a new identity.
D)An individual loses all memory of his or her identity.

Question 46

Your text's discussion suggests that scores on the Holmes Stress Scale should be ________ correlated with the likelihood that victims of a natural disaster will develop posttraumatic stress disorder.

A)not
B)positively
C)perfectly
D)negatively

Question 47

Which of the following major anxiety disorders is CORRECTLY paired with a description

A)phobic disorder - sense of impending doom, along with intense physiological arousal
B)generalized anxiety disorder - persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry
C)panic disorder - unwanted, intrusive thoughts, or urges to perform specific behaviors
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder - intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation
E)None of these is correctly paired.

Question 48

Phobias affect nearly ______% of American adults. They are ________ prevalent in women than in men.

A)5%; less
B)5%; more
C)10%; less
D)10%; more

Question 49

In generalized anxiety disorder, excessive worry persists for at least:

A)2 months
B)3 months
C)6 months
D)1 year

Question 50

Approximately _____ % of those suffering from generalized anxiety disorder are women.

A)35
B)50
C)65
D)75

Question 51

Which of the following defines obsessive-compulsive disorder

A)Sense of impending doom, along with intense physiological arousal
B)Persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry
C)Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, or urges to perform specific behaviors
D)Intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Question 52

According to your text, _________ disorder entails not only anxiety, but such nagging physical symptoms as irritability, sleep

A)generalized anxiety
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)panic
D)phobic

Question 53

Which of the following dissociative disorders is correctly matched with its description

A)dissociative amnesia-An individual displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities.
B)dissociative fugue-An individual experiences a significant, selective memory loss.
C)dissociative identity disorder-An individual takes a sudden, impulsive trip and assumes a new identity.
D)None of these is correctly matched.

Question 54

With respect to the course of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which of the following statements is most accurate

A)The disorder usually begins in childhood; it tends to worsen over time.
B)The disorder usually begins in childhood; its course varies from one person to another.
C)The disorder usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood; it tends to worsen over time.
D)The disorder usually begins in adolescence or early adulthood; its course varies from one person to another.

Question 55

Approximately ______% of Iraq war veterans have reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.

A)10
B)15
C)25
D)30

Question 56

Obsession is to compulsion as _______ is to _______.

A)emotion; cognition
B)cognition; emotion
C)cognition; behavior
D)behavior; cognition

Question 57

Posttraumatic stress disorder is classified as a(n) _________ disorder.

A)anxiety
B)mood
C)somatoform
D)dissociative

Question 58

Which of the following defines generalized anxiety disorder

A)Sense of impending doom, along with intense physiological arousal
B)Persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry
C)Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, or urges to perform specific behaviors
D)Intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Question 59

Which of the following defines panic disorder

A)Sense of impending doom, along with intense physiological arousal
B)Persistent, uncontrollable, free-floating worry
C)Unwanted, intrusive thoughts, or urges to perform specific behaviors
D)Intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation

Question 60

With respect to the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which of the following statements is most accurate

A)It is less common than most anxiety disorders, affecting 1% of the population in a given year.
B)It is less common than most anxiety disorders, affecting 2% of the population in a given year.
C)It is about as common as most anxiety disorders, affecting about 5% of the population in a given year.
D)It is more common than most anxiety disorders, affecting about 5% of the population in a given year.

Question 61

Alex has an intense, unwarranted fear of dogs. Bailey feels driven to wash her hands repeatedly. Callista is plagued by chronic, debilitating worry. Doran sometimes feels dizzy and short of breath; he feels as if he might die. Which of these individuals is CORRECTLY matched with the anxiety disorder he or she displays

A)Alex - generalized anxiety disorder
B)Bailey - phobic disorder
C)Callista - obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Doran - panic disorder

Question 62

Men are more likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder than are women.

Question 63

There is a strong genetic predisposition for dissociative disorders.

Question 64

Phobias affect nearly 20% of American adults.

Question 65

Obsession is to thought as _______ is to behavior.

Question 66

How does dissociative amnesia differ from amnesia in general

A)Dissociative amnesia involves an actual loss of memory; in general, amnesia does not.
B)In general, there is a physiological basis for amnesia; in dissociative amnesia, there is not.
C)Dissociative amnesia is more severe than simple amnesia.
D)There is really no appreciable difference between the two forms of amnesia.

Question 67

One anxiety disorder is _________ disorder, in which a person re-experiences a traumatic event or situation in flashbacks and dreams.

Question 68

Panic disorder and _________ disorder are similar in that neither is triggered by a specific, identifiable stimulus.

Question 69

Your text remarks that some clinicians believe that some cases of dissociative identity disorder reflect patients "faking, role-playing, or using the disorder . . . to justify behavior." In these instances, dissociative identity disorder may actually reflect:

A)generalized mood disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)malingering
D)hypochondriasis

Question 70

Gene has chronic, debilitating worry. Gene has which of the following

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Phobic disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Panic disorder

Question 71

Alex has an intense, unwarranted fear of dogs. Alex has which of the following

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Phobic disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Panic disorder

Question 72

In dissociative identity disorder, the personality that controls the body most of the time is termed the ____ personality; the other personalities are termed the _______ personalities.

A)dominant; subordinate
B)primary; alternate
C)host; secondary
D)host; alter

Question 73

The disorder once called multiple personality disorder is now termed __________ disorder.

Question 74

As compared to the other anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder is relatively rare.

Question 75

Aliya sometimes feels dizzy and short of breath; she feels as if he might die. Ailya has which of the following

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Phobic disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Panic disorder

Question 76

With respect to the nature vs. nurture issue, anxiety disorders reflect ___________; dissociative disorders reflect ___________.

A)both nature and nurture; both nature and nurture, as well
B)both nature and nurture; primarily nurture
C)both nature and nurture; primarily nature
D)primarily nurture; primarily nature

Question 77

An incapacitating fear of situations in which escape is

Question 78

Dissociative identity disorder is the most severe of the dissociative disorders.

Question 79

Roberta feels driven to wash her hands repeatedly. Roberta has which of the following

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Phobic disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Panic disorder

Question 80

Omar found himself in front of a pet supplies display in a Boise, ID discount store. His last memories are of his previous life in Greensboro, NC. He had no memory of his journey to Idaho. Omar's condition is known as:

A)dissociative fugue
B)dissociative amnesia
C)dissociative flight
D)dissociative identity disorder