Deck 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Question 1

The ____________ Studies of Genius followed children with high IQ scores for more than 50 years.

Answer 1

Longitudinal research is process of observing the changes in the development like height, weight and mental abilities in a course of time of same age individuals.
Longitudinal studies were done by Terman studies of genius in 1920's to follow the intelligence of the children for more than 50 years. He studied the difference in the achievement heights of both women and men.
So the blank can be filled with the
.

Question 2

More aggressive people are more likely to watch vio­lent TV shows. Which of the following is true about this statement

A) It shows that violent TV shows cause aggres­sive behavior.
B) It shows that aggressive behavior leads to a preference for violent TV shows.
C) It shows a relationship between aggressive be­havior and violent TV shows.
D) It shows cause and effect involving several un­known factors.

Answer 2

Investigation on a particular thing can be done by experiments to confirm the reason behind an action. Experiments reveal the cause and effect of the action. This can be done by taken a group of people and dividing them into controls that do not take any treatment and the other group are participants that take up some treatment.
Hence the option (d) is not correct.
Experiments are done by taking a hypothesis like violent shows in T.V make oneself aggressive. By this they measure the amount of aggressiveness and behavior after watching the violent shows.
Hence the option (a) is not correct.
Experiments measure the amount of aggressiveness and behavior after watching the violent shows. Thus it builds up a relationship between the aggressive behavior and the violent T.V shows.
Hence the correct option is
.

Question 3

__________ believed that a child came into the world as a tabula rasa.

Answer 3

Childhood is the most precious and innocent stage of the life. It is believed that an infant came into the world as a "tabula rasa" means a blank tablet or a clean slate that means no ego, selfishness, arrogance and a good or bad is not known to him.
This great word of tabula rasa is given to the infants and for the childhood by an Englishman John Locke obtained from his experience. He gave that word basing on the belief that social approval and disapproval play an important role in the behavior of the child.
So the blank can be filled with
.

Question 4

There is usually a ____________ correlation between time spent studying and grades in school.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct order for the stages of psychosexual development

A) anal, oral, genital, phallic, latency
B) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
C) genital, phallic, anal, oral, latency
D) phallic, latency, oral, genital, anal

Question 6

Which of the following is true of all experiments

A) Participants are blind as to the treatment they have received.
B) Experimenters deceive the participants.
C) Equal numbers of participants are assigned to the experimental and control groups.
D) There are independent and dependent variables.

Question 7

Freud theorized that the personality has three parts: the id, the ego, and the _______.

Question 8

Cross- ________ research combines cross-sectional research, longitudinal research, and time-lag research.

Question 9

In operant conditioning, extinction results from re­peated performance of operant behavior in the ab­sence of

A) the conditioned stimulus.
B) punishment.
C) time out.
D) reinforcement.

Question 10

Dr) Liu was interested in testing the effects of violent television on 6-year-old children. She showed a par­ticularly violent episode of Power Rangers to one group and a short, nonviolent episode of an old Bill Cosby show to another group. She then observed the groups in the playground and measured their behaviors. What is the dependent variable in this study

A) Bill Cosby and his family
B) violent or nonviolent TV show
C) the behavior on the playground
D) the amount of time watching TV

Question 11

Erikson emphasized ____________ rather than psychosexual development.

Question 12

Negative reinforcers differ from punishments in that

A) negative reinforcers increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed.
B) punishments increase the frequency of behav­ior when they are removed.
C) negative reinforcers decrease the frequency of behavior when they are removed.
D) punishments decrease the frequency of behav­ior when they are removed.

Question 13

In the bell-and-pad method for treating bed-wetting in children, psychologists repeatedly pair tension in the ____________ with a stimulus that awakens them.

Question 14

According to Bronfenbrenner, the ____________ in volves the interactions of the child and other people in the immediate setting, such as the home, school, or peer group.

A) mesosystem
B) macrosystem
C) exosystem
D) microsystem

Question 15

According to Piaget, ____________ is the process by which a person responds to new objects or events with existing schemes.

Question 16

­Which of the following kinds of theorists is likely to view development as continuous

A) a psychoanalytic theorist
B) a behaviorist
C) a cognitive-developmental theorist
D) a psychosocial theorist

Question 17

According to evolutionary psychologists, organisms can inherit ____________ -specific behaviors.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of develop­ment occurring discontinuously

A) the adolescent growth spurt
B) scaffolding
C) acquiring social skills
D) learning new vocabulary words

Question 19

According to the ecological perspective, the ____________ involves the institutions in which the person does not directly participate but which exert an indirect influence on the person.

Question 20

In a ____________ sample, each member of a popula­tion has an equal chance of being selected to participate.

A) random
B) selection
C) stratified
D) free