Deck 3: Culture and Business

Question 1

Today's philosophers divide ethical theories into eight general subject areas.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Culture awareness most commonly refers to the automatic acceptance of another culture's values and perspective.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In Western Cultures, looking into someone's eyes, especially if they are older, may come off as disrespectful, since focusing directly on someone who is senior to you implies disrespect.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Western languages follow the traditional and the more singular definition of culture, where the word often implies refinement.

Question 5

Edward T.Hall is sometimes called the father of modern cross-cultural science and thinking.

Question 6

Even though people are focused on the bottom line, culture plays a crucial role in deciding with whom they do business.

Question 7

Understanding culture is important in determining the success of a business because different cultures have business practices, communication, and management styles that are different from those to which you are accustomed.

Question 8

Cross-cultural understanding means persuading individuals from other cultures to convert to ones' own point of view.

Question 9

According to Geert Hofstede, values are mostly conscious.

Question 10

Culture influences communication and, therefore, affects business if one is sourcing from different countries.

Question 11

In high power distance cultures, superiors and subordinates are more likely to see each other as equal in power.

Question 12

Culture influences our individual perspectives to such a great extent that we cannot always account for or comprehend its influence.

Question 13

Local culture, values, and customs play an insignificant role in the business environment.

Question 14

The study of cross-cultural analysis incorporates the fields of anthropology, sociology, psychology, and communication.

Question 15

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that seeks to address questions about morality.

Question 16

Preconceived notions help in successfully conducting business with people from other cultures.

Question 17

Culture is the beliefs, values, mind-sets, and practices of a group of people.

Question 18

Individualism refers to people's tendency to take care of themselves and their immediate circle of family and friends, perhaps at the expense of the overall society.

Question 19

A sense of ethics is determined by a number of social, cultural, and religious factors this sense influences us beginning early in adulthood.

Question 20

The highest hurdle to cross-cultural understanding and effective relationships is our frequent inability to understand the influence of culture on the personality.

Question 21

In Swedish cultures, both genders swap roles and the focus is on quality of life, service, and independence.Sweden serves as an example of a(n):

A)masculine culture.
B)individualistic culture.
C)collectivistic culture.
D)low context culture.
E)feminine culture.

Question 22

???_____ refers to how openly a society or culture accepts or does not accept differences between people, as in hierarchies in the workplace, in politics.

A)Power distance
B)Individualism
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Proxemics
E)Collectivism

Question 23

When firms operate in a country, they have to assess how new employees will fit into their respective _____, which usually emphasize creativity, innovation, and teamwork, balanced with individual accomplishment, and a keen sense of privacy.

A)organizations
B)subculture
C)national culture
D)corporate culture
E)social philosophy

Question 24

In theory, most global firms have clear guidelines articulating antidiscrimination policies whereas in reality, they routinely self-censor.

Question 25

_____ refers to people's tendency to take care of themselves and their immediate circle of family and friends, perhaps at the expense of the overall society.

A)Individualism
B)Collectivism
C)Masculinity
D)Power distance
E)Uncertainty avoidance

Question 26

A culture which openly accepts that a boss is "higher" and as such deserves more formal respect and authority is a culture with:

A)high individuality.
B)low masculinity.
C)high masculinity.
D)low power distance.
E)high power distance.

Question 27

Ethical behavior refers to behavior that is generally accepted across cultures.

Question 28

Which of the following value is not specific to Hofstede's long-term orientation dimension?

A)persistence
B)gift giving
C)perseverance
D)thriftiness
E)having a sense of shame

Question 29

One of the main jobs of managers in multinational companies is:

A)to discourage multiculturalism.
B)to encourage the takeover of the company culture by the local culture.
C)to replace the local culture by the company culture.
D)to ensure the coexistence of the local culture with the company culture.
E)to insulate the employees from the local culture.

Question 30

Which of the following is not true when discussing cultural factors and their impact on business?

A)a company's global clients' expectations may differ
B)culture is a factor in decision making and negotiations
C)employees are managed based on their values and priorities
D)customer service has a universal operating standard
E)business protocol varies based on culture

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true about individualistic cultures?

A)Group goals take precedence over individual goals.
B)Individual effort is appreciated and applauded.
C)Individual effort is criticized and looked down upon.
D)Collectivism is held in high esteem.
E)Individual rights and identity take a back-seat.

Question 32

Bribery can be considered ethical by some cultures, if it is a part of normal traditional, social practices.

Question 33

In some cultures, where companies are seen as "guardians," efforts to lay off employees may be perceived as culturally unethical.

Question 34

"Guanxi" refers to:

A)the personal connections which are essential for doing business in China.
B)the sub-cultural groups that exist in China.
C)the dominant cultural group that decides Chinese culture.
D)the cultural differences between Taiwan and China.
E)the department responsible for implementing cultural practices in China.

Question 35

In _____, the physical context of the message carries a great deal of importance.People tend to be more indirect and to expect the person they are communicating withto decode the implicit part of their message.

A)low-context cultures
B)masculine cultures
C)monochronic cultures
D)high-context cultures
E)polychronic cultures

Question 36

In the United States of America, children strike out on their own at a very early age.They pay for their own housing and education.The American society serves as an example of a(n):

A)masculine culture.
B)individualistic culture.
C)collectivistic culture.
D)feminine culture.
E)culture with long-term orientation.

Question 37

Uncertainty avoidance in a culture refers to:

A)whether a culture has a long-term or short-term orientation.
B)people's tendency to take care of themselves at the expense of the society.
C)the degree of risk a society or culture is willing to accept.
D)the degree to which gender roles are crisply defined in a culture.
E)the study of physical space and people.

Question 38

The term "national culture" refers to:

A)the culture which had been prevalent for more than two centuries.
B)the culture which is implemented by the government in power.
C)the regional cultures in the neighboring countries.
D)the culture of a nation wherever it exists irrespective of boundaries.
E)the dominant culture of a particular nation.

Question 39

Even within a specific culture, individuals have different ideas of what constitutes ethical or unethical behavior.

Question 40

The _____ dimension values tradition and fulfilling social obligations.

A)uncertainty avoidance
B)indulgence
C)short-term orientation
D)long-term orientation
E)individualism

Question 41

In _____ cultures, people regard work as part of a larger interaction with a community, and are less likely to simply end a meeting.

A)collectivist
B)polychronic
C)monochronic
D)low-context
E)individualistic

Question 42

People who have low uncertainty avoidance prefer:

A)to take on risks.
B)to steer clear of conflict and competition.
C)to exhibit less aggressiveness.
D)stability and the known.
E)very clear instructions.

Question 43

_____ is the ethical theory, which investigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean.

A)Ethnocentrism
B)Applied ethics
C)Normative ethics
D)Metaethics
E)Proxemics

Question 44

_____ is that branch of philosophy that seeks to address questions about morality.

A)Proxemics
B)Ethics
C)Egoism
D)Esthetics
E)Ethnocentrism

Question 45

Applied ethics involves:

A)investigating where our ethical principles come from and what they mean.
B)making a comparative analysis of cross-cultural moral standards.
C)establishing moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.
D)focusing on the issues of universal truths, the will of God.
E)examining specific controversial issues.

Question 46

What of the following statements is true of the Reformation and Enlightenment?

A)They focus on practicality and profitability rather than being ethical.
B)They focus on equality and individual rights.
C)They focus on monarchy and divine rights.
D)They focus on the preeminence of the state.
E)They focus on discrimination based on race and ethnicity.

Question 47

The view that a person's own culture is central and other cultures are measured in relation to it is referred to as:

A)consequentialism.
B)utilitarianism.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)collectivism.
E)individualism.

Question 48

The Enlightenment promoted a set of values in which _____, not religion, was advocated as the primary source for legitimacy and authority.

A)beliefs
B)reason
C)cultural values
D)faith
E)ethnic background

Question 49

In low-context cultures,

A)standing distances between people shrink.
B)people tend to be explicit and direct in their communications.
C)the physical context of the message carries a great deal of importance.
D)body language is as important as the actual words spoken.
E)people tend to do one task at a time.

Question 50

The tendency of people to do several things at the same time is reflected in a:

A)polychronic culture.
B)high context culture.
C)long-term orientation culture.
D)monochronic culture.
E)collectivist culture.

Question 51

The study which focuses on space and distance between people as they interact is called:

A)collectivism.
B)power distance.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)ethnocentrism.
E)proxemics.

Question 52

The specific values included in Hofstede's research is referred to as:

A)value dimensions.
B)value system.
C)uncertainty avoidance.
D)individualism.
E)ethnocentrism.

Question 53

In cultures where organizations are seen as "guardians," any effort to lay off employees:

A)is considered unlawful.
B)invites penalties from the government.
C)is considered unethical.
D)is considered discriminatory.
E)means disrespect to the cultural beliefs.

Question 54

In the Chinese business world, every single member in Chinese companies is willing to follow office regulation and work guidelines made by the owner.Employees do not want to challenge their senior workers or supervisors.This is an example of:

A)small power distance culture
B)low uncertainty avoidance culture
C)masculine-oriented culture
D)high uncertainty avoidance culture
E)high power distance culture

Question 55

Which of the following value dimensions is defined as the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised?

A)Long-term orientation
B)Uncertainty avoidance
C)Power distance
D)Individualism
E)Indulgence

Question 56

In family-owned businesses in Latin America, the _____ tends to retain the key decision making roles.
a.hierarch
b.patriarch
c.officially appointed head
d.board of directors
trierarch

Question 57

The tendency to do one task at a time is seen in:

A)low context cultures.
B)monochronic cultures
C)high context cultures.
D)polychronic cultures.
E)collectivist cultures.

Question 58

Normative ethics involves:

A)establishing moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct.
B)investigating where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean.
C)examining specific controversial issues, such as animal rights and environmental concerns.
D)making a comparative analysis of cross-cultural moral standards.
E)establishing the supremacy of moral standards of the Western school of thought.

Question 59

People in Northern Europe and North America tend to schedule one event at a time.They serve as an example of a(n)_____.

A)polychronic culture.
B)monochronic culture.
C)individualistic culture.
D)culture with high power distance.
E)culture with low uncertainty avoidance.

Question 60

_____ refers to "giving or obtaining advantage through means which are illegitimate, immoral, and/or inconsistent with one's duty or the rights of others."

A)Reformation
B)Abolition
C)Altruism
D)Corruption
E)Abjection

Question 61

French companies show a preference for low-risk decisions and the employees prefer sharply defined rules and rituals to get tasks completed.This serves as an example of a(n):

A)masculine culture.
B)culture with high uncertainty avoidance.
C)culture with long-term orientation.
D)collectivistic culture.
E)individualistic culture.

Question 62

A Japanese automobile manufacturer manufactures a faulty piece of gearing instrument, which leads to a number of accidents.The organization recalls the faulty instrument from the market and the CEO apologizes to the customers.This is representative of a(n):

A)individualistic culture.
B)collectivistic culture.
C)culture with long-term orientation.
D)culture with short-term orientation.
E)masculine culture.

Question 63

What is organizational culture?

Question 64

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act refers to the:

A)UN law that specifically bans any form of glass ceiling.
B)European Union law that specifically bans any form of discrimination.
C)UN law that specifically bans any form of tax evasion.
D)U.S.law that specifically bans any form of bribery.
E)Indian law specifying guidelines for gift giving.

Question 65

What is the study of Proxemics?

Question 66

What is the source of the value system that every individual possesses?

Question 67

Which areas of business are affected by culture?

Question 68

Which of the following is true about gift giving?

A)It is formalized and structured in the American countries.
B)It is formalized and structured in Japan and China.
C)It is illegal and a punishable offence in Japan and China.
D)It is nonexistent for business purposes in European culture.
E)It is not prevalent in Middle Eastern culture.

Question 69

Which are the other external factors that constitute a culture apart from the ones stated by Hofstede and Hall?

Question 70

Grease payments refer to:

A)legalized payments to establish a business relationship.
B)penalties paid by organizations for unethical behavior.
C)financial incentives given to ethical companies in some countries.
D)small inducements intended to expedite decisions.
E)ethical business strategies used by corporate houses.

Question 71

Transparency International tracks illicit behavior, such as bribery and embezzlement, and assigns a _____ rating to each country.

A)Corruption Perceptions Index
B)Criminality Recognition Index
C)Transparency Perceptions Index
D)Corruption Awareness Index
E)Criminality Awareness Index

Question 72

_____ is the technical term to define corporate conscience wherein organizations monitor and ensure their active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms.

A)Corporate goodwill
B)Corporate image
C)Corporate social responsibility
D)Proxemics
E)Reformation

Question 73

Language is one of the more conspicuous expressions of culture.Explain.

Question 74

Which are the areas that one needs to take care of when doing business with individuals from other cultures?

Question 75

How do ethics impact business management practices?

Question 76

Which of the following does the term Corporate Social Responsibility relate to?

A)Environmental practice
B)Ethical conduct
C)Wellbeing of employees
D)Community investment
E)all of the above

Question 77

How can we effectively deal with the problems of cross-cultural interaction?

Question 78

Define culture.

Question 79

How does ethnocentrism color our opinions about individuals from other cultures?

Question 80

Culture is a slave neither to geographical barriers nor to the political boundaries drawn by man.Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate.