Deck 3: Sentencing: to Punish or to Reform

Question 1

The process of returning all those involved in or affected by crime,including victims,offenders,and society,to their previous condition is called:

A)rehabilitation.
B)incapacitation.
C)restoration.
D)universal deterrence.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Cullen and Gendreau,rehabilitation:

A)works very well only with murderers.
B)fails when it's ill-conceived and/or not implemented as designed.
C)works well in treatment centers but not in prison.
D)produces few real changes in offender attitudes.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Punishment as vengeance is also called:

A)revenge.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)restitution.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called:

A)retribution.
B)reintegration.
C)just deserts.
D)incapacitation.

Question 5

If I use the term "an eye for an eye," I am talking about:

A)retribution.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)deterrence.

Question 6

Which of the following punishment philosophies considers criminal offenders to be morally blameworthy and deserving of punishment?

A)Deterrence
B)Incapacitation
C)Rehabilitation
D)Just deserts

Question 7

The concepts of retribution and just deserts are:

A)future oriented.
B)present oriented.
C)past oriented.
D)none of these.

Question 8

The study of the cost-effectiveness of various correctional programs and related reductions in the incidence of crime is called:

A)justice economics.
B)the "cost of justice".
C)correctional econometrics.
D)none of these.

Question 9

Francis T.Cullen and Paul Gendreau have called for:

A)a strong just deserts model.
B)a strong deterrence model.
C)a strong rehabilitation model.
D)a strong retribution model.

Question 10

If you punish an individual seeking to change that person's behavior,it is called:

A)general deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)specific deterrence.
D)universal deterrence.

Question 11

Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the:

A)offender's family.
B)offender.
C)victim.
D)none of these.

Question 12

The concept of just deserts de-emphasizes the emotional component of revenge by claiming that criminal acts are _____ of punishment.

A)considerate
B)artifacts
C)pre-cursors
D)deserving

Question 13

The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment,education,and training is called:

A)rehabilitation.
B)incapacitation.
C)specific deterrence.
D)general deterrence.

Question 14

The use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called:

A)rehabilitation.
B)incapacitation.
C)retribution.
D)general deterrence.

Question 15

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called:

A)deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)just deserts.

Question 16

The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future crimes is called:

A)rehabilitation.
B)incapacitation.
C)specific deterrence.
D)general deterrence.

Question 17

A punishment must be _____ in order to serve as effective deterrence.

A)swift
B)certain
C)severe
D)all of these

Question 18

_____ means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done.

A)Deterrence
B)Retribution
C)Rehabilitation
D)Incapacitation

Question 19

The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called:

A)the happiness principle.
B)the pleasure-pain principle.
C)the satisfaction principle.
D)profit motive.

Question 20

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called:

A)deterrence.
B)incapacitation.
C)rehabilitation.
D)retribution.

Question 21

A sentence with a fixed term of incarceration which can be reduced by good time is called a(n):

A)indeterminate sentence.
B)mandatory sentence.
C)determinate sentence.
D)presumptive sentence.

Question 22

When a person is convicted of multiple offenses,a judge might impose a sentence of 10 years for one offense and 20 years for the other offense,and therefore the offender would serve 30 years.This type of sentencing is called:

A)just deserts sentencing.
B)consecutive sentencing.
C)concurrent sentencing.
D)real-time sentencing.

Question 23

A legislatively approved provision that mandates longer prison terms for specific criminal offenses committed under certain circumstances is called:

A)presumptive sentencing.
B)judicial sentencing.
C)sentencing enhancement.
D)sentence equality.

Question 24

Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the offender.

Question 25

The philosophy of deterrence holds that the offenders are morally blameworthy.

Question 26

A sentence of exactly five years in prison is an example of a(n):

A)indeterminate sentence.
B)mandatory sentence.
C)flat sentence.
D)presumptive sentence.

Question 27

A sentence that specifies a given amount of time to be served in custody and allows little or no variation from the time specified is called a(n):

A)indeterminate sentence.
B)indefinite sentence.
C)mandatory sentence.
D)flat sentence.

Question 28

Payments made by a criminal offender to his or her victim as compensation for the harm caused by the offense are called:

A)bail.
B)bonds.
C)fines.
D)restitution.

Question 29

_____ is a law that allows a person's criminal history to be considered at sentencing or makes it possible for a person convicted of a given offense and previously convicted of another specified offense to receive a more severe penalty than that for the current offense alone.

A)Fair Sentencing Clarification Act (FSCA)
B)The Federal Fair Sentencing Act (FSA)
C)Determinate sentencing law (DSL)
D)Habitual offender statute

Question 30

Sentences that are required by law under certain circumstances are referred to as:

A)indeterminate sentences.
B)indefinite sentences.
C)mandatory sentences.
D)flat sentences.

Question 31

A sentence in which a judge specifies maximum and minimum durations (1-10 years)is called a(n):

A)indeterminate sentence.
B)mandatory sentence.
C)flat sentence.
D)presumptive sentence.

Question 32

Sentences that are served together are called:

A)consecutive sentences.
B)concurrent sentences.
C)flat sentences.
D)unconstitutional sentences.

Question 33

Which of the following is a difference between habitual offender laws of Washington and California?

A)Washington law has two-strikes provision,while California law does not have the two-strike provision.
B)In Washington law,all the three strikes must be for felonies listed in the legislation.In California law,only the first two strikes must be from the states list.
C)In the Washington statute,there is a possibility of parole after the third strike.In the California statue,there is no possibility of parole after the third strike.
D)In Washington law,drug offences do not belong the state's list of strikeable crimes.In California law,drug offences are also included.

Question 34

Sentences served one after the other are called:

A)consecutive sentences.
B)concurrent sentences.
C)repeat time.
D)flat time.

Question 35

A report prepared by the probation department that provides a social and personal history as well as an evaluation of the offender as an aid to the court in determining a sentence is called a:

A)mandatory sentencing guideline.
B)presentence report.
C)judicial history.
D)sentencing summary.

Question 36

The imposition of sentences required by statute for those convicted of a particular crime or a particular crime with special circumstances is called:

A)voluntary sentencing.
B)indeterminate sentencing.
C)presumptive sentencing.
D)mandatory minimum sentencing.

Question 37

The number of days or months prison authorities deduct from a sentence for good behavior is called:

A)free days.
B)out days.
C)good time.
D)free time.

Question 38

Which of the following philosophies of punishment would be most likely to allow victim-impact statements?

A)Rehabilitation
B)Incapacitation
C)Specific deterrence
D)Restorative justice

Question 39

As a result of the Federal Fair Sentencing Act (FSA),a first conviction for simple possession of any amount of crack cocaine is subject to a penalty range of _____ of imprisonment regardless of quantity.

A)five to 10 years
B)zero to one year
C)one to five years
D)two to three years

Question 40

Fines are paid to the victim,and restitution is usually paid to the government.

Question 41

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called rehabilitation.

Question 42

Punishment as vengeance is also called revenge.

Question 43

A punishment philosophy that holds that criminal offenders are morally blameworthy and are therefore deserving of punishment is called _____.

Question 44

A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator is called _____.

Question 45

Andrew von Hirsch is famous for his belief in rehabilitation.

Question 46

Fines are paid to the _____;restitution is usually paid to the _____.

Question 47

The concepts of retribution and deserts are future-oriented.

Question 48

The idea that actions are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called general deterrence.

Question 49

If you punish an individual seeking to change that person's behavior,it is called specific deterrence.

Question 50

If I use the term "an eye for an eye," I am talking about deterrence.

Question 51

Retribution literally means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done.

Question 52

Punishment as vengeance is also called _____.

Question 53

The use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called general deterrence.

Question 54

Restorative justice is especially concerned with repairing the harm to the _____.

Question 55

A sentence of exactly five years in prison is an example of a(n)_____.

Question 56

The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future crimes is called incapacitation.

Question 57

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called just deserts.

Question 58

_____ really means "paying back" the offender for what he or she has done.

Question 59

If I use the term "an eye for an eye," I am talking about _____.

Question 60

According to the text,for punishment to be effective as a deterrent,it must be swift,certain,and severe.

Question 61

The concept of just deserts de-emphasizes the _____ component of revenge.

Question 62

The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender's capability to commit future crimes is called _____.

Question 63

The process of changing criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones by "correcting" the behavior of offenders through treatment,education,and training is called _____.

Question 64

According to the text,for punishment to be effective as a deterrent,it must be _____,_____,and _____.

Question 65

The number of days or months prison authorities deduct from a sentence for good behavior is called _____.

Question 66

Payments made by a criminal offender to his or her victim as compensation for the harm caused by the offense are called _____.

Question 67

The process of making the offender a productive member of the community again is called _____.

Question 68

Francis T.Cullen and Paul Gendreau have called for _____.

Question 69

Sentences that are required by law under certain circumstances are referred to as _____.

Question 70

The study of the cost-effectiveness of various correctional programs and related reductions in the incidence of crime is called _____.

Question 71

The use of individual punishment to dissuade others from committing crimes is called _____.

Question 72

The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment is called _____.

Question 73

Robert Martinson evaluated rehabilitation programs nationwide and concluded that _____.

Question 74

The process of returning to their previous condition all those involved in or affected by crime,including victims,offenders,and society is called _____.

Question 75

If you punish an individual seeking to change that person's behavior,it is called _____.

Question 76

_____ and _____ are the two goals of mandatory sentences.

Question 77

The idea that social actors are motivated primarily by a desire to experience pleasure and avoid pain is called _____.

Question 78

The concept of deterrence is _____ oriented.