Deck 5: Intermediate Sanctions: Between Probation and Incarceration

Question 1

Identify the correct statement about intermediate sanctions.

A)They prevent the reintegration of offenders into the community.
B)They are a more expensive correctional option than jail sentencing.
C)They are generally more restrictive than prison.
D)They promote rehabilitation of offenders in society.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

With regard to reducing incarceration,which of the following statements is true of the reform efforts across the United States?

A)Successful states have recognized that reentry programming is the only solution to solve the problem of mass incarceration.
B)Majority of the states understand that a developed infrastructure of nonprison programs supports former prisoners in the community.
C)Majority of Americans favor mandatory minimums for nonviolent,first-time offenders instead of community service or probation.
D)Professional associations strongly believe that jail sentencing-not intermediate sanctions-should be the backbone of the corrections systems.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following was the primary purpose of the Michigan Prisoner Reentry Initiative (MPRI)?

A)To promote and enable net widening
B)To diminish reentry programs for parolees
C)To plan,support,and sustain parole supervision
D)To increase incarcerations

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is the most inexpensive correctional option?

A)Boot camp
B)Incarceration
C)Community service
D)Intensive parole supervision

Question 5

A financial penalty scaled both to the defendant's ability to pay and the seriousness of the offense is called a:

A)bond.
B)bail.
C)parole.
D)day fine.

Question 6

Intensive supervision probation (ISP)involves:

A)strict enforcement of conditions.
B)random drug and alcohol testing.
C)frequent contact between an offender and his/her probation officer.
D)all of these

Question 7

New punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison sentences and to better match the severity of punishment to the seriousness of the crime are called:

A)terminal endorsements.
B)intermediate sanctions.
C)forcible closures.
D)incarcerations.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of intermediate sanctions?

A)They are most often used for high-risk offenders.
B)They tend to be more restrictive than prison.
C)They are generally used as a way to reduce the correctional population.
D)They are never used as alternatives to incarceration at initial sentencing.

Question 9

An intermediate sanction that involves regular payments to crime victims or to the courts is called a(n):

A)restitution.
B)deposition.
C)petition.
D)ratification.

Question 10

The primary purpose of intensive supervision probation is:

A)to maintain high rearrest rates.
B)to increase parole caseloads to 100 or more.
C)to protect the community.
D)to decrease surveillance over activities of offenders.

Question 11

Evidence-based studies that are examining the effectiveness of drug courts suggest that:

A)drug courts have lowered the rates of recidivism among drug offenders.
B)drug courts are less cost-effective than probation owing to increased victimization costs.
C)drug courts award punishments that are more severe than incarceration.
D)drug courts have significantly increased the rate of rearrests among drug offenders.

Question 12

A community correctional center,which an offender visits each day to file a daily schedule with a supervision officer,showing how each hour will be spent is called a(n):

A)halfway house.
B)residential treatment center.
C)workhouse.
D)day reporting center.

Question 13

Drug-addicted offenders who receive treatment through the drug court within the criminal justice system:

A)are usually awarded punishments that are more severe than incarceration.
B)have higher rates of recidivism compared to offenders who receive prison sentence.
C)are able to address their addiction before being arrested for a drug-related offense.
D)face the collateral consequences of arrest,prosecution,and conviction.

Question 14

The control of offenders in the community under strict conditions,by means of frequent reporting to a probation officer whose caseload is generally limited to 30 offenders is called a(n):

A)informal probation.
B)unsupervised probation.
C)intensive supervision probation.
D)court probation.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the drug court?

A)The aims of the drug court are much more punitive than of other types of courts.
B)Drug courts are less cost-effective compared to probation and/or incarceration.
C)Drug courts are more healing and restorative in nature compared to other types of courts.
D)The punishments awarded by drug courts are usually more severe than incarceration.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of drug-addicted offenders who enter deferred prosecution programs?

A)They are always required to plead guilty to the charges against them.
B)They are diverted into the drug court system before being convicted.
C)They are prosecuted,irrespective of whether they complete the program or not.
D)Their offenses are expunged from their records the moment they enroll for the programs.

Question 17

Community service as a criminal sanction began in the United States in 1966 in:

A)Ohio.
B)Florida.
C)California.
D)New York.

Question 18

A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax-supported agencies is called:

A)community service.
B)a workhouse.
C)a day fine.
D)intensive supervision probation.

Question 19

The first step in the process of setting a day fine is:

A)to create a valuation table.
B)to determine the number of fine units to be imposed.
C)to increase recidivism rates.
D)to establish the dollar amount per unit for a given offender.

Question 20

In the United States,fines are rarely regarded as a tough criminal sanction:

A)because judicial and legislative attitudes always allow the use of fines for several major felonies.
B)because judges always have enough reliable information on an offender's personal wealth to impose a just fine.
C)because,in practice,it is a criminal justice tool that often neglects to punish ordinance violations and minor misdemeanors.
D)because many believe that fines work a hardship on the poor while affluent offenders often feel no sting.

Question 21

Noninstitutional corrections refers to correctional activities that:

A)are directly related to institutional care.
B)do not involve probation and parole.
C)are not directly related to incarceration.
D)primarily involve rehabilitation within confinement.

Question 22

Among all the correctional programs,boot camps are primarily promoted as a means of:

A)raising corrections costs.
B)alleviating prison crowding.
C)increasing recidivism rates.
D)aggravating revocation rates.

Question 23

Community service is a burdensome penalty that is inexpensive to administer.

Question 24

Family Drug Court targets parental substance abuse in juvenile abuse,neglect,and dependency cases.

Question 25

A day reporting center (DRC)allows participants to return home in the evenings,but they are required to maintain a strict schedule that is closely monitored.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true of community corrections?

A)It embraces centralization of authority from local to state levels.
B)It strongly discourages the use of community programs for offender rehabilitation.
C)It redefines the offender population for whom incarceration is most appropriate.
D)It cannot involve citizens in program planning,design,implementation,and evaluation.

Question 27

A medium-security correctional setting that offenders are permitted to leave regularly-unaccompanied by staff-for work,education,or vocational programs,or treatment in the community but require them to return to a locked facility each evening is called a(n):

A)house of correction.
B)residential reentry center.
C)intensive confinement center.
D)day reporting center.

Question 28

Drug courts are less cost-effective when compared to incarceration.

Question 29

Which of the following is an objective of residential reentry centers?

A)To increase recidivism rates among offenders
B)To maintain high rearrest rates
C)To diminish reentry programs for parolees
D)To facilitate reintegration of offenders into society

Question 30

Community service cannot be scaled to the seriousness of the crime.

Question 31

A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline,respect for authority,responsibility,and a sense of accomplishment is called a(n):

A)house of correction.
B)halfway house.
C)boot camp.
D)restitution center.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of remote-location monitoring?

A)It is non-punitive and permits offenders to stay outdoors when not at work.
B)It contributes to rehabilitation by allowing offenders to support their families.
C)It costs significantly more than incarceration.
D)It cannot monitor a person's physical location continuously.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of the Community Corrections Acts (CCAs)?

A)Under a typical CCA,the cost of correctional programs is significantly higher than the annual cost of housing a state prisoner.
B)CCAs typically support residential corrections programs but not nonresidential corrections programs.
C)Under a typical CCA,the state is solely responsible for establishing community corrections goals and policies.
D)CCAs decentralize authority and engage communities in the process of reintegrating offenders into society.

Question 34

In comparison with the aims of other types of courts,those of the drug court are much less punitive and more healing and restorative in nature.

Question 35

Intermediate sanctions are more restrictive than prison but less restrictive than traditional probation.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true about a residential reentry center?

A)It restricts defendants from continuing their employment.
B)It offers a low-cost housing alternative to incarceration of nonviolent offenders.
C)It allows offenders to leave the facility only if they are accompanied by a staff member.
D)It permits offenders to return to their homes in the evenings.

Question 37

A day fine gets its name from how much a burglar can steal in one day.

Question 38

Day reporting centers differ from other intermediate sanctions in that they are characterized by:

A)a marked concentration on rehabilitation of offenders.
B)the lack of treatment and referral programs to assist offenders.
C)a restriction on participants to return home in the evenings.
D)correctional options that are more inhibiting than incarceration.

Question 39

Evidence-based research on intensive supervision probation shows that restraining offenders in the community by increasing surveillance over their activities guarantees a reduction in their criminal activities.

Question 40

The planning process for introducing day fines is unique for each jurisdiction,depending on its organizational structure,traditions,personalities,and legal culture.

Question 41

Community service that takes away an offender's time and energy is called a(n)______________.

Question 42

A(n)______________ is a non-residential community correctional center.

Question 43

A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax-supported agencies is called ______________.

Question 44

Under a typical community corrections act,the state provides local agencies the funds to create or expand intermediate sanctions for certain offenders in the community,and in return,the state benefits by avoiding the costs of incarceration.

Question 45

______________ uses technological systems such as the GPS,voice verification,and other tracking systems to verify a person's physical location,either periodically or continuously,24 hours a day.

Question 46

A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction is called a ______________.

Question 47

The Congress passed the ______________,which mandated that felons who receive a sentence for less serious offences must be ordered to pay a fine,make restitution,and/or work in community service.

Question 48

Boot camps are promoted as a means of reducing prison crowding and corrections costs.

Question 49

Community service as a criminal sanction began in the United States in the state of ______________.

Question 50

Intermediate sanctions are sometimes referred to as ______________.

Question 51

A body of evidence-based corrections literature shows that the military atmosphere of correctional boot camps does not bring about individual-level changes in thinking,reasoning,and problem solving.

Question 52

The ______________ believes that intermediate sanctions,not prison,should be the backbone of the corrections systems.

Question 53

The community corrections philosophy recognizes the importance of partnership with the community in responding to crime.

Question 54

For the criminal justice system,a residential reentry center offers a high-cost housing alternative to incarceration of nonviolent offenders.

Question 55

______________ is a new intermediate sanction that uses the power of the court to treat,sanction,and reward drug offenders with punishment more restrictive than regular probation but less severe than incarceration.

Question 56

People who enter a ______________ are diverted into the drug court system before being convicted.

Question 57

Halfway houses,prerelease and work release centers,and restitution centers are examples of ______________.

Question 58

Day fines are also called ______________.

Question 59

A financial penalty scaled both to the defendant's ability to pay and the seriousness of the crime is called a ______________.

Question 60

A major benefit of remote-location monitoring is that it costs significantly less than incarceration.

Question 61

The first phase of boot camps stressed ______________.

Question 62

A ______________ is a judicial strategy of hearing a criminal case in the community that is most affected by the case and including that community in case disposition.

Question 63

The ______________ leads the nation in giving local citizens decision-making authority about punishment and supervision issues that directly affect the offender,the victim,and community safety.

Question 64

A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline,respect for authority,responsibility,and a sense of accomplishment is called a(n)______________.

Question 65

A philosophy of correctional treatment that embraces decentralization of authority,citizen participation,redefinition of the population for whom incarceration is most appropriate,and emphasizes rehabilitation through community programs is called ______________.