Deck 17: Terrorism, multinational Criminal Justice, and Global Issues

Question 1

Which of the following is not a reason why it is difficult to compare the crime rates of different nations?

A)Diverse crime-reporting practices
B)Political influences on the reporting of crime statistics to other agencies
C)Differences in definitions of a given crime
D)Differing population sizes in various countries

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Although the initiative to develop the International Criminal Court began in the 1940s,it was delayed by

A)the Nuremberg trials.
B)the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
C)World War II.
D)the Cold War.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the key difference between human smuggling and trafficking in persons?

A)Human smuggling generally occurs with the consent of the person being smuggled while trafficking in persons does not.
B)Human smuggling involves active coercion while trafficking in persons does not.
C)Trafficking in persons threatens the lives of the illegal immigrants while human smuggling does not.
D)There is no difference between the two.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a condition that must be met for an offense to be considered transnational in nature?

A)The crime is committed in one country but the offenders are citizen nationals of another country.
B)The crime is committed in one country but has substantial effects on another country.
C)The crime is committed in one country but a substantial part of the preparation or planning takes place in another country.
D)The crime is committed in one country but involved an organized criminal group that commits crimes in more than one country.

Question 5

What is the International Bill of Human Rights?

A)A UN code that calls for fair treatment of prisoners
B)A UN resolution supporting the rights and dignity of anyone coming into contact with a criminal justice system
C)A UN code encouraging law enforcement officers to be aware of individual rights when performing their duties
D)An international agreement facilitating the international sharing of information and research findings

Question 6

Illegal immigration in which an agent is paid to help a person cross a border clandestinely is known as

A)trafficking in persons.
B)sex trafficking.
C)human smuggling.
D)domestic terrorism.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about tazir crimes is true?

A)Tazir crimes are offenses against God.
B)Tazir crimes include actions that may be considered acceptable in a spiritual society.
C)Representatives of the victim may administer the punishment for a tazir crime.
D)Punishments for tazir crimes do not involve physical punishments.

Question 8

According to the National Institute of Justice,transnational crime groups profit more from globalization than legitimate businesses because

A)legitimate businesses do not take advantage of their global opportunities.
B)legitimate businesses are subject to the laws and regulations of domestic and host countries.
C)transnational groups are not subject to extradition.
D)legitimate businesses cannot influence governmental policy.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a hudud crime?

A)Adultery
B)Murder
C)Drinking alcohol
D)Theft

Question 10

Which of the following has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the early 21st century?

A)Domestic terrorism
B)Transnational crime
C)Serious violent crime
D)The development of new designer drugs

Question 11

What is the biggest problem researchers encounter when comparing the crime rates of different nations?

A)Differences in the definition of specific crimes
B)Differences in practices of crime reporting
C)Political influences on the reporting of crime statistics to international agencies
D)Biases in the interpretation of crime statistics

Question 12

Under Islamic law,fatwahs are

A)crimes that are considered to be offenses against God.
B)commands from God that must be obeyed.
C)the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
D)commands from a religious leader that must be obeyed.

Question 13

________ involves the internationalization of trade,services,investment,information,and other forms of human social activity.

A)Transnationalism
B)Ethnocentrism
C)Extradition
D)Globalization

Question 14

Under Islamic law,________ crimes are considered offenses against God.

A)tazir
B)hudud
C)Koranic
D)Arabic

Question 15

Prior to the creation of the International Criminal Court,the courts in Belgium were available to the rest of the world for the prosecution of

A)alleged violations of civil rights.
B)alleged crimes against humanity.
C)allegations of international drug trafficking.
D)allegations of violent crimes that crossed national boundaries.

Question 16

Trafficking in persons is often undertaken

A)to help people escape repressive government regimes.
B)for purposes of sexual or labor exploitation.
C)to reunite families.
D)These are all purposes of trafficking.

Question 17

________ people tend to believe that their social or ethnic group and culture are superior to others.

A)Globalized
B)Transnational
C)Ethnocentric
D)Infrastructured

Question 18

Islamic justice is based mainly on

A)the moral conceptions of individual judges.
B)a rational and predictable legal code.
C)the personal moral code of the crime victim.
D)the offender's social status.

Question 19

A(n)________ criminologist is involved in the cross-national study of crime.

A)ethnocentric
B)classical
C)biosocial
D)comparative

Question 20

What is Interpol's main purpose?

A)To serve as a global judicial institution with international jurisdiction complementing national legal systems around the world
B)To collect and disseminate intelligence among the member nations of the European Union
C)To act as a clearinghouse for information on offenses and suspects believed to operate across national boundaries
D)To increase globalization of criminal justice

Question 21

Which of the following is an element of human smuggling?

A)The person being smuggled is usually coerced.
B)The person being smuggled is exploited or forced to perform some type of labor.
C)The person being smuggled is generally cooperating.
D)The person being smuggled does not have to cross a border.

Question 22

The 2011 National Strategy for Counterterrorism maintained a focus on

A)preventing domestic terrorism.
B)deterring Islamic-inspired terrorism.
C)expanding the USA PATRIOT Act.
D)expanding the Department of Homeland Security.

Question 23

The U.S.Department of State consider ________ to be the most active state sponsor of terrorism.

A)Iraq
B)Iran
C)North Korea
D)Cuba

Question 24

Which of the following is a characteristic of trafficking?

A)Trafficking always involves crossing an international border.
B)Trafficking involves the cooperation of the person being transported.
C)Trafficking involves forced labor or exploitation.
D)Trafficking facilitates the illegal entry of people from one country to another.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a criteria that must be met before an organization may be designated as a foreign terrorist organization?

A)The organization's activities must threaten the security of the U.S.
B)The organization must be foreign.
C)The organization must engage in terrorist activity.
D)The organization must engage in transnational criminal activity.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a consequence of designation as a foreign terrorist organization?

A)It is illegal for a person in the U.S.or subject to U.S.jurisdiction to provide funds or material support to a foreign terrorist organization.
B)Members of designated foreign terrorist organizations may be deported by the U.S.Department of State without review.
C)Representatives and some members of designated foreign terrorist organizations may be denied visas or kept from entering the U.S.if they are aliens.
D)U.S.financial institutions are required to block funds of designated foreign terrorist organizations and their agents and report the blockage to the U.S.Department of the Treasury.

Question 27

The ________ established the Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center within the U.S.State Department.

A)Homeland Security Act
B)Trafficking Victims Protection Act
C)Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
D)Immigration and Nationality Act

Question 28

The unlawful use of force or violence by an individual or a group that is based and operates entirely within the United States and its territories,acts without foreign direction,and directs its activities against elements of the U.S.government or population is known as

A)international terrorism.
B)national terrorism.
C)domestic terrorism.
D)foreign terrorism.

Question 29

The link between drug traffickers and terrorists has been termed

A)narcoterrorism.
B)domestic terrorism.
C)international terrorism.
D)globalization.

Question 30

The first time that Americans were undeniably the target of international terrorism occurred in

A)1988,with the bombing of Pan-Am flight 103 over Lockerbie,Scotland.
B)1993,with the bombing of the World Trade Center.
C)1996,with the truck bomb attack on U.S.military barracks in Dhahran,Saudi Arabia.
D)2001,with the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.

Question 31

Which of the following is not one of the four primary elements that make up the definition of terrorism?

A)Terrorism is politically motivated.
B)Terrorism is violent.
C)Terrorism is committed against noncombatant targets.
D)Terrorism is impulsive and impromptu.

Question 32

The vulnerability of America's infrastructure creates serious concerns about possible acts of

A)narcoterrorism.
B)cyberterrorism.
C)global terrorism.
D)ethnocentric terrorism.

Question 33

________ terrorism refers only to acts of terrorism that occur outside the United States.

A)Domestic
B)International
C)Anarchist
D)Foreign

Question 34

According to Gwynn Nettler,terrorists may kill one person and frighten ten thousand.This is an example of which characteristic of terrorism?

A)Lack of rules
B)Economy
C)Lack of clarity
D)Meaning

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of domestic terrorism?

A)The Oklahoma City bombing
B)The events of September 11,2001
C)The 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York
D)Most narcoterrorist activities

Question 36

According to the Bipartisan Policy Center's National Security Preparedness Group report,the biggest threat to American national security may now come from

A)small groups of homegrown terrorists.
B)the Mexican drug trade.
C)illegal immigrants from Canada.
D)large groups of terrorists from Saudi Arabia.

Question 37

Ethnocentrism does not interfere with the work of comparative criminologists.

Question 38

Which of the following federal agencies is not part of the Department of Homeland Security?

A)U.S.Customs and Border Protection
B)The Federal Emergency Management Agency
C)The Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)The U.S.Secret Service

Question 39

Free and open international borders contribute to which level of the building process for international terrorism?

A)Leadership
B)Organization
C)Underlying conditions
D)International environment

Question 40

What feature of terrorism distinguishes it from other violent criminal acts?

A)The location of the act
B)The type of behavior involved
C)The motivation of the offender
D)All of the above

Question 41

Under Islamic law,tazir crimes are crimes against God.

Question 42

The majority of people who are assisted in illegally entering the U.S.each year are trafficked rather than smuggled.

Question 43

People who want to retrain traditional ways of thinking and acting may oppose globalization.

Question 44

Foreign terrorism may involve terrorist acts that take place within the U.S.if the offenders have some connection to a foreign power.

Question 45

Persons smuggled into the U.S.are considered to be victims.

Question 46

Trafficking in persons (TIP)is the exploitation of unwilling or unwitting people through force,coercion,threat,or deception.

Question 47

Victims of trafficking can be trafficked within their own countries and communities.

Question 48

Interpol has no field agents and has no powers of arrest in member countries.

Question 49

Human smuggling is a form of illegal immigration.

Question 50

Cyberterrorism can be either domestic or international in origin.

Question 51

Human smuggling generally involves some form of forced labor or exploitation.

Question 52

Comparative criminologists have found that most countries have similar definitions of common crimes such as robbery or auto theft.

Question 53

Domestic terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence by an individual or a group that is based and operates entirely within the United States and its territories.

Question 54

George,who is a Chinese citizen,commits a crime in the United States.This is an example of a transnational crime.

Question 55

The International Bill of Human Rights is a UN resolution supporting the rights and dignity of anyone coming into contact with a criminal justice system.

Question 56

Transnational crime is becoming a less serious issue in the 21st century.

Question 57

Human smuggling and human trafficking arise from similar underlying conditions.

Question 58

The surrender by one country to another of an individual accused or convicted of an offense in the second country is known as transnational justice.

Question 59

The International Criminal Court is a global institution that is used for trying countries engaged in serious crimes such as state-sponsored terrorism.

Question 60

Today,under modern Islamic law,men and women are treated similarly.

Question 61

The ________ is a global judicial institution that complements national legal systems around the world and tries individuals who commit serious crime of concern to the international community.

Question 62

In the building process for international terrorist organizations,poverty,political corruption,and religious conflict are examples of underlying conditions that lead to terrorism.

Question 63

________ terrorists are domestic terrorists who act alone and do not belong to any organized terrorist group or network.

Question 64

The integrated police intelligence-gathering and dissemination arm of the member nations of the European Union is called ________.

Question 65

The Secret Service is part of the Department of Homeland Security.

Question 66

________ means holding a belief in the superiority of one's own social or ethnic group and culture.

Question 67

Narcoterrorism uses the Internet and the World Wide Web to plan and carry out terrorist attacks.

Question 68

________ is a form of illegal immigration in which an agent is paid to help a person cross a border clandestinely.

Question 69

According to the U.S.State Department,Syria is the most active state sponsor of terrorism today.

Question 70

The Department of Homeland Security oversees the activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Question 71

The increasingly rapid pace of the globalization process is known as ________.

Question 72

________ terrorism takes place is committed by individuals or groups who are based entirely within the United States and is directed at elements of the U.S.government or population.

Question 73

________ refers to the internationalization of trade,information,crime,and other forms of human social activity.

Question 74

If an individual suspected of engaging in terrorist acts in the U.S.is living in France,France may be asked to ________ the suspect so that s/he can be tried in an American court.

Question 75

________ occurs when someone is induced to engage in a commercial sex act by force,fraud,or coercion.

Question 76

A(n)________ crime is a serious violation of Islamic law that is regarded as an offense against God,such as theft,robbery,adultery,or alcohol consumption.

Question 77

If an organization is designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the U.S.government,some members may be kept from entering the U.S.

Question 78

________ create the biggest problem for cross-national comparisons of crime data.

Question 79

An organization based in the United States may still be designated as a foreign terrorist organization if it has members who are not U.S.citizens.

Question 80

________ crime is one of the most pressing challenges of the early 21st century.