Deck 19: Malnutrition at Home and Around the World

Question 1

Which population is the LEAST vulnerable when food supplies are delayed by damaged roads or poor transportation?

A)women
B)men
C)children
D)elderly

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is a response to the drawbacks of the Green Revolution?

A)the use of high yield varieties of grains
B)the use of chemical fertilizers
C)a movement towards sustainable agriculture
D)an increase in the use of biotechnology

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The most common nutrient deficiency in the world is:

A)sodium.
B)iron.
C)iodine.
D)lead.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Wasting is:

A)associated with an increased caloric intake.
B)extreme body fatness.
C)extreme thinness.
D)an iron deficiency.

Question 5

The nutrition paradox refers to:

A)too much vitamin A in foods rich in vitamin C.
B)coexistence of underweight and obesity in the same region.
C)poor countries that have excessive rates of obesity.
D)normal weight individuals with a high percent body fat.

Question 6

Which of the following disorders worsens malnutrition?

A)AIDS
B)osteoporosis
C)diabetes type 2
D)asthma

Question 7

Which of the following has the Public Health Agency of Canada identified as the primary determinant of food security?

A)education
B)income/social status
C)age/gender
D)ethnicity

Question 8

________ is a condition in which individuals are unable to obtain sufficient energy to meet their physical needs every day.

A)Food scarcity
B)Food insecurity
C)Food shortage
D)Food aid

Question 9

Children who are chronically undernourished will experience which of the following:

A)sickle cell anemia.
B)growth stunting.
C)type 2 diabetes.
D)high blood pressure.

Question 10

Worldwide, the major cause of undernutrition is:

A)overpopulation.
B)diseases (like AIDS).
C)poor farming practices.
D)unequal distribution of food.

Question 11

The birthrate in Canada is estimated to be:

A)below the replacement rate.
B)equal to the replacement rate.
C)one child above the replacement rate.
D)two children above the replacement rate.

Question 12

Early termination of breastfeeding and transition of the infant to small amounts of poor nutrition foods can result in marasmus. This is primarily due to a:

A)carbohydrate deficiency.
B)high fat intake.
C)protein/energy deficiency.
D)high-protein, low-fat intake.

Question 13

The leading cause of blindness in children under the age of 5 years in West and Central Africa is:

A)vitamin A deficiency.
B)vitamin C deficiency.
C)zinc deficiency.
D)iron deficiency.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a way to improve the food/population ratio?

A)decrease the importation of foods into the area
B)increase the birthrates
C)improve education in women and girls
D)decrease food production

Question 15

The birth replacement rate is considered to be:

A)one child per woman.
B)two children per woman.
C)three children per woman.
D)four children per woman.

Question 16

A mother living in a developing country decides to stop breastfeeding her child after three months. Which of the following is the infant MOST likely to experience?

A)type 2 diabetes
B)growth stunting
C)increased muscle mass
D)improved cognitive development

Question 17

Worldwide, ________ deficiencies are more prevalent in pregnant women and young children than adult males.

A)iron
B)copper
C)zinc
D)iodine

Question 18

Which of the following represents a nutrition transition?

A)increased availability of maize over corn
B)decreased reliance on carbohydrates
C)lower-fat subsistence crops
D)increased consumption of sugar

Question 19

Poor roads and lack of electricity are examples of a lack of ________ contributing to malnutrition.

A)government
B)infrastructure
C)subsistence farming
D)knowledge about agriculture

Question 20

According to Health Canada, approximately what percent of Canadian households experienced food insecurity in 2004?

A)2%
B)5%
C)7%
D)9%

Question 21

A farmer has been growing the same crop for several years now and is noticing a decreased yield. Which of the following agricultural practices could he use to renew nutrients in his field?

A)overgrazing
B)crop rotation
C)deforestation
D)genetic modification

Question 22

Which of the following is a factor under human control that can induce famines?

A)natural disasters
B)wars
C)use of genetically modified foods
D)relief assistance by other countries

Question 23

The nutrition paradox in transitioning nations can be partly attributed to:

A)decreased energy intakes.
B)decreased physical activity.
C)decreased fat intakes.
D)increased cost of food.

Question 24

If you were to set up a non-government organization to target undernutrition, which area of the world would be most in need of your services?

A)North America
B)Europe
C)Southeast Asia
D)South America

Question 25

A public health program to provide vitamin A supplementation to malnourished children should reduce deaths by approximately:

A)15%.
B)25%.
C)35%.
D)45%.

Question 26

An area is considered to be overpopulated when:

A)its resources cannot support the number of people living there.
B)there are more than 100 people per square mile of land.
C)there are fewer than two farms per 100 people in a country.
D)the infrastructure cannot support the population.

Question 27

Choosing breastfeeding over formula feeding, in developing countries, can save an infant's life because:

A)formula preparation requires a water source, which could be contaminated.
B)formula is not designed to meet an infant's needs.
C)formula does not provide the infant with antibodies against AIDS.
D)formula needs to be stored frozen, which cannot occur with a lack of electricity.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT part of the GOBI initiative?

A)obesity control
B)growth monitoring
C)immunization
D)breastfeeding

Question 29

Overnutrition is a concern because:

A)it hoards food in rich countries.
B)it increases the risk of chronic diseases.
C)it increases the cost of food.
D)it increases the risk of deficiency diseases.

Question 30

Breastfeeding can help the mother because it:

A)exposes her to the infant's antibodies.
B)can act as a contraceptive and spaces out the births.
C)can reduce her risk of developing stomach cancer.
D)can prevent her uterus from contracting after childbirth.

Question 31

According to the World Health Organization, approximately how many children under the age of five were overweight in 2010?

A)20 million
B)40 million
C)60 million
D)80 million

Question 32

According to 2007 data, approximately what percentage of working Canadians had a family income that was lower than the cost of family needs for basic necessities?

A)1%
B)2%
C)5%
D)7%

Question 33

In some countries with limited access to food, cultural biases dictate that food be first distributed to:

A)men and boys.
B)older adults.
C)young children.
D)pregnant women.

Question 34

Na'ila is a two-year-old child living in Liberia. A doctor notices she has physical deformities and mental retardation and diagnosis her with cretinism. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies would have resulted in her condition?

A)vitamin B₁₂
B)zinc
C)iodine
D)vitamin A

Question 35

Which of the following would you expect a low-income family living in Toronto to struggled to purchase adequate amounts of?

A)bread
B)milk
C)sugar-sweetened beverages
D)beans

Question 36

Irrigation can be beneficial in increasing food production; however, it should be used with caution, as it can increase:

A)the nutrient depletion of the soil.
B)the time required to grow crops.
C)the risk of developing AIDS.
D)the risk of developing malaria.

Question 37

Neonatal mortality refers to:

A)the death of newborns between birth and the first 28 days of life.
B)the death of newborns between birth and the first year of life.
C)the death of a fetus due to death of the mother from pregnancy-related causes.
D)a stillbirth.

Question 38

In Canada, which of the following individuals would be the MOST likely to experience food insecurity?

A)single mothers and their children
B)university students living in residence
C)Aboriginals living on a reservation
D)young couples with children

Question 39

An example of using biotechnology to increase the food supply is:

A)sustainable agriculture.
B)integrated farming.
C)genetically modified foods.
D)Summer Food Service Program.

Question 40

Kamal is a four-year-old child living in rural India. He has been living on a diet that provides sufficient energy but is deficient in protein. Which of the following disorders would he be MOST likely to experience?

A)marasmus
B)kwashiorkor
C)diabetes
D)human immunodeficiency virus

Question 41

Would you be in support of a non-government organization with a mandate to encourage breastfeeding in the developing world? Explain why or why not.

Question 42

The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative was started by the WHO and UNICEF to:

A)decrease the rates of child abuse.
B)increase the rates of breastfeeding.
C)decrease the rates of iron deficiency.
D)decrease the rates of obesity.

Question 43

Which populations are at an increased risk for food insecurity in Canada?

Question 44

What impact would a flood, in an area of the developing world that relies on subsistence farming, have on the food supply of those communities?

Question 45

An example of a personal choice you can make to preserve the environment is to:

A)eat red meat four or more times per week.
B)buy foods grown without herbicides.
C)buy foods grown out of season.
D)boycott your local farmers' market.

Question 46

Cham is a farmer living in rural Vietnam. He subsides primarily on rice, rice noodles, and a few vegetables. Discuss the effect of this diet on his iron levels. What impact could his iron levels have on his income and food intakes?

Question 47

An individual with diabetes will have health care costs that are approximately ________ times higher than an individual without diabetes.

A)1)5
B)two to three
C)four to five
D)six

Question 48

Transgenic crops are:

A)single seeds that can produce multiple plants.
B)plants that require a high use of insecticides to survive.
C)plant varieties where the genes have been altered.
D)plant varieties that do not produce new seeds.

Question 49

Identify factors that are promoting obesity in transitioning countries.

Question 50

An individual born to a mother who was malnourished during pregnancy, has an increased risk of obesity and chronic disease when food becomes plentiful. This hypothesis is known as:

A)maternal origins of adult disease.
B)fetal promotion of adult disease.
C)early promotion of adult disease.
D)fetal origins of adult disease.

Question 51

Cadence tells her young son to eat everything on his plate because "there are starving children in Africa." This course of action is:

A)advised because it is true.
B)not advised because it promotes overeating.
C)advised because it teaches the value of food.
D)not advised because it will cause him to feel guilty about eating.

Question 52

A program that teaches pregnant teens to plan and cook healthy meals is an example of:

A)a short-term relief strategy.
B)an individual and community capacity building strategy.
C)a food systems redesign for sustainability strategy.
D)a systems-change strategy.

Question 53

Shawn would like to volunteer to fight overnutrition in children. Provide an example of a way he could volunteer to promote healthy eating in his community.

Question 54

When travelling in sub-Saharan Africa, your friend notices that everyone is quite short and very thin. Your friend hypothesizes that it is in their genes. Do you agree or disagree? Justify your response.

Question 55

An organization would like to improve the food/population ratio in an impoverished area of Africa by slowing population growth. What should they do and why will this be effective?

Question 56

Explain how improving infrastructure would impact the food supply of a developing nation.

Question 57

Famines are:

A)when food production is not sufficient to meet the needs of the immediate population.
B)severe food shortages that affect a large number of people in a limited area for a particular time.
C)a condition where people are unable to acquire enough food to meet their needs on a daily basis.
D)when resources are not sufficient to meet the global needs.

Question 58

A seed company would like to produce a high-yield variety of corn. In order to do this, they should:

A)cross-breed corn plants with beneficial traits.
B)ensure that the original seeds do not mix with other varieties.
C)instruct the farmers not to fertilize the seeds after plantation.
D)select seeds varieties that will have slim stalks and grow to be very tall.

Question 59

A local community runs a food bank. What are the benefits and drawbacks to this program?

Question 60

The production of which of the following foods would create the MOST greenhouse gases?

A)legumes
B)broccoli
C)beef
D)wheat

Question 61

Imagine you have been tasked with the development of a program to promote world-wide food security. Identify different strategies the program could use. Consider local and community initiatives, as well as technological and agricultural changes.

Question 62

A developing country is interested in evaluating the factors contributing to undernutrition in its population. The government has collected limited data and has determined that there have been several droughts, the birth rate is increasing, farming practices are outdated, the infrastructure is poor, and the health care system is not adequate. Explain how the current state of affairs is exacerbating undernutrition in the country. Which, if any, other areas should they assess to evaluate food availability?

Question 63

A group of post-secondary students is going to Southeast Asia to volunteer for a humanitarian agency. The co-ordinator of the program has asked you to provide the students with some background information on undernutrition and the micronutrients that are major public health concern in impoverished nations. How would you respond?