Deck 14: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthy Body Weight

Question 1

Casey would like to lose 0.9 kg in one week. His present energy expenditure is 3 500 kcals a day. Assuming he would like to lose weight without making changes to his energy expenditure, approximately how many kilocalories should he consume each day to achieve his goal?

A)2 000
B)2 250
C)2 500
D)3 000

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's:

A)gender.
B)genetics.
C)lean tissue mass.
D)age.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Kelly is 160 cm tall and weighs 60 kg. Approximately, what is her BMI (body mass index)in kg/m²?

A)19
B)23
C)27
D)32

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A limitation in using the body mass index is that:

A)it is very difficult to determine.
B)it does not take body composition into account.
C)it is not a good indicator of health risks.
D)it is not accurate if used on women.

Question 5

Which of the following people would have the lowest risk of developing health problems?

A)a person with a BMI of 16.5 kg/m²
B)a person with a BMI of 22 kg/m²
C)a person with a BMI of 28 kg/m²
D)a person with a BMI of 32 kg/m²

Question 6

The label of a ready-to-eat cereal box indicates that 1 cup contains 32 grams of carbohydrate, 4 grams of protein, and 2 grams of fat. How many kcals are there in two cups of this cereal?

A)162 kcals
B)187 kcals
C)256 kcals
D)324 kcals

Question 7

George's dinner contains 750 kilocalories. Approximately how many kilocalories will George expend in order to process this meal?

A)7-10 kilocalories
B)25-50 kilocalories
C)38-75 kilocalories
D)113-150 kilocalories

Question 8

For the average person, approximately ________ percent of their total daily energy expenditure is attributable to basal metabolism.

A)20-35
B)35-55
C)60-75
D)75-80

Question 9

Which of the following assessment techniques can be used to evaluate an individual's fat distribution pattern?

A)body mass index
B)underwater weighing
C)bioelectrical impedance
D)waist circumference

Question 10

At what age does the basal metabolic rate typically start to decline?

A)15 years
B)25 years
C)30 years
D)45 years

Question 11

Abdominal obesity increases a person's risk for:

A)type 1 diabetes.
B)heart disease.
C)osteoporosis.
D)lactose intolerance.

Question 12

A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called:

A)overweight.
B)obesity.
C)morbid obesity.
D)severe obesity.

Question 13

Which of the following individuals would most likely have the highest basal metabolic rate?

A)a 20-year-old conditioned male athlete
B)a 50-year-old normal weight female
C)a 45-year-old overweight male
D)a 20-year-old sedentary female

Question 14

Which of the following methods would provide the most accurate estimate of a person's body fat?

A)body mass index
B)underwater weighing
C)skin folds
D)bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 15

Which of the following nutrients provide a source of energy for the body?

A)carbohydrates
B)vitamins
C)minerals
D)water

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes the energy balance equation?

A)energy consumed - energy expended
B)energy expended × energy consumed
C)energy expended + energy consumed
D)energy consumed = energy expended

Question 17

About ________ percent of our daily energy expenditure is attributable to the thermic effect of food.

A)5-10
B)15-20
C)35-55
D)60-70

Question 18

Chun is an 22-year-old post-secondary student who is 170 cm tall and weighs 62 kg. Her physical activity for the day includes walking her dog for 30 minutes and she would classify herself as low active. Approximately what is her estimated energy requirement (EER)?

A)2 016 kcal/day
B)2 234 kcal/day
C)2 538 kcal/day
D)2 583 kcal/day

Question 19

Jerome is 5'9" tall and weighs 210 pounds. Jerome's BMI indicates that he is:

A)underweight.
B)at a healthy weight.
C)overweight.
D)obese.

Question 20

Paula is a Caucasian female living in North America. Her waist circumference measurement is 92 cm. Based on her waist circumference, how would you classify Paula's health risk?

A)increased risk because it is above the cut-off point
B)low risk because it is below the cut-off point
C)moderate risk because she is at the cut-off point
D)extremely high risk because she is 10 cm above the cut-off point

Question 21

Being underweight increases a person's risk of developing:

A)infection and illness.
B)high blood pressure.
C)cancer.
D)stroke.

Question 22

Which of the following is a prescription weight-loss medication currently available in Canada?

A)sibutramine
B)green tea extract
C)ephedra
D)orlistat

Question 23

A diet consisting of <10% of total energy as fat is classified as:

A)a very low calorie diet.
B)a very low fat diet.
C)a cardio-protective diet.
D)a high carbohydrate diet.

Question 24

Which of the following is an appetite stimulating hormone produced by the stomach?

A)leptin
B)ghrelin
C)peptide YY
D)uncoupling proteins

Question 25

According to the 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines, what is the minimum BMI requirement for bariatric surgery if the patient is otherwise healthy.

A)greater than or equal to 25 kg/m²
B)greater than or equal to 30 kg/m²
C)greater than or equal to 35 kg/m²
D)greater than or equal to 40 kg/m²

Question 26

The thrifty gene theory suggests that:

A)underweight individuals have a gene that prevents them from gaining excess weight.
B)some people possess a gene that allows them to expend less energy than other people.
C)body weight is determined solely by the weight of our parents.
D)our adult weight is determined by our weight at birth.

Question 27

The state reached in which there is no longer a desire to eat is referred to as:

A)appetite.
B)hunger.
C)satiety.
D)satiation.

Question 28

Patricia weighs 75 kg and is trying to lose weight. She decides to start an exercise program and starts walking (5.5 kph)for 30 minutes, five days a week. Assuming that this activity burns 0.044 kcals/kg body weight/minute. Approximately, how many additional kcals will Patricia burn each week with this exercise regime?

A)99
B)297
C)495
D)568

Question 29

Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, and high blood pressure are cluster of risk factors for which condition?

A)hypoglycemia
B)cataracts
C)osteoporosis
D)metabolic syndrome

Question 30

Approximately what percent of our body fat is influenced by genetic factors?

A)10%
B)25%
C)33%
D)50%

Question 31

Which of the following weight-loss medications was banned in 2000 because it caused the deaths of several people due to brain hemorrhages?

A)orlistat
B)ephedrine
C)sibutramine
D)phenylpropanolamine

Question 32

According to the National Weight Control Registry a majority of people who were able to maintain their weight loss reported changes in:

A)diet only.
B)diet and exercise.
C)exercise only.
D)portion sizes.

Question 33

What is a multifactorial disease?

A)a disease that exhibits many different forms depending on the individual
B)a disease that has many different causes
C)a disease that affects many different organ systems
D)a disease that progresses through many well characterized steps

Question 34

Jamie eats 240 g of carbohydrate, 220 g of fat, and 132 g of protein each day. What is Jamie's daily caloric intake?

A)592 kcal
B)3 028 kcal
C)3 468 kcal
D)4 584 kcal

Question 35

What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity?

A)The individual will lose mostly adipose tissue.
B)The individual will lose mostly lean body tissue.
C)The individual will lose equal amounts of adipose and lean body tissue.
D)The individual will not lose any body weight.

Question 36

Which of the following nutrients is thought to be the most readily stored as adipose tissue?

A)protein
B)fat
C)carbohydrate
D)vitamins

Question 37

Leptin is a hormone produced by:

A)liver cells.
B)pancreatic cells.
C)muscle cells.
D)fat cells.

Question 38

The set point theory suggests that:

A)our bodies are designed to maintain their weights within a narrow range.
B)our body weights are set during puberty.
C)environmental factors alone determine our maximum body weight.
D)everyone should consume 2 000 kilocalories per day to maintain their body weight.

Question 39

Which component of energy expenditure is the most variable from one individual to another?

A)basal metabolism
B)thermic effect of food
C)energy cost of physical activity
D)adaptive thermogenesis

Question 40

Which condition is conducive to weight loss?

A)Low leptin sensitivity
B)High ghrelin sensitivity
C)Low peptide YY sensitivity
D)Increased uncoupling protein activity

Question 41

Which of the following is recommended for successful, healthy weight loss?

A)Consume 35% of kilocalories from carbohydrates.
B)Exercise 120 minutes at high intensity every day.
C)Consume less than 1 000 kcals per day.
D)Exercise at least 30 minutes per day, five times per week.

Question 42

You have noticed recently that your best friend always heads to the washroom immediately after eating large quantities of food. One day you can hear your friend vomiting in the washroom. What eating disorder would you suspect your friend has? Should you be concerned? Justify your response.

Question 43

Marla rarely eats during the day, however, at night she has difficulty sleeping and spends her time snacking. What disorder is she likely to have? What are the health concerns with this disorder?

Question 44

Xing has just returned from a visit to the doctor where he was told that his BMI is 28 kg/m² and his waist circumference is 103 cm. Xing is Chinese. He tells you that he is not concerned with his results because BMI does not measure actual percent body fat. Would you agree or disagree? Explain why?

Question 45

Jessica always works out on the stair master for hours after eating a huge meal. This type of behavior is common in:

A)obesity.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)binge eating.

Question 46

Loreen has a BMI of 14.5 kg/m², however, she consistently refuses to eat and has an intense fear of gaining weight. Which of the following eating disorders BEST describes her condition?

A)amenorrhea
B)bulimia nervosa
C)anorexia nervosa
D)binge-eating disorder

Question 47

Kato is trying out for the varsity football team and would like to gain 7 kg. What strategies would you provide him with to gain the weight in a healthy manner?

Question 48

The type of eating disorder characterized by episodes of binging and purging is:

A)anorexia nervosa.
B)bulimia nervosa.
C)compulsive eating disorder.
D)binge-eating disorder.

Question 49

How would you respond to someone who tells you that their basal metabolic rate must be low because they are obese? How would weight loss impact their metabolic rate?

Question 50

Your sister would like to lose weight and tells you that in order to do so she must follow a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. Do you agree or disagree? Justify your response.

Question 51

A patient with anorexia nervosa has been undergoing treatment in the hospital for several months now. She has made excellent progress and is preparing to leave the hospital. The Registered Dietitian working with her would likely counsel her to:

A)avoid high fat dairy products.
B)avoid eating out at restaurants.
C)carefully measure her portion sizes.
D)develop dietary strategies for dealing with the holidays.

Question 52

What would you say to someone who tells you they are considering taking a supplement that provides a combination of caffeine and ephedra in order to lose weight?

Question 53

In which of the following sports are male athletes at the greatest risk for developing bulimia nervosa?

A)basketball
B)football
C)wrestling
D)baseball

Question 54

To be a diagnostic symptom of bulimia nervosa, binge eating must occur on average at least ________ for three months.

A)once per week
B)twice per week
C)four times per week
D)six times per week

Question 55

A group of researchers are interested in measuring energy expenditure in students participating in a high altitude hiking trip. What method would you recommend they use? Explain your reasoning.

Question 56

Garrett is a hockey player who would like to gain 5 kg. Which of the following foods would be the BEST choice to include in his diet to gain the weight in a healthy manner?

A)spinach
B)skim milk
C)bacon
D)nuts

Question 57

According to the American Psychiatric Association, what percentage of individuals diagnosed with anorexia nervosa are female?

A)50-60%
B)70-80%
C)80-90%
D)90-95%

Question 58

A parent approaches you because their doctor told them that their child was obese. The parent would like to know if they should be concerned or if the child will just "grow out of" the condition. How would you respond? Explain why or why not.

Question 59

Stomach stapling is also called:

A)gastroplasty.
B)gastrosectioning.
C)gastric banding.
D)gastric bypass.

Question 60

Kisa has struggled with her body weight her entire life. Her BMI is 45 kg/m² and she has high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. She has been trying to lose the weight through diet and exercise for the past 10 years. She is considering undergoing bariatric surgery. Would you recommend she explore the possibility of surgery? Justify your response.

Question 61

You are in the cafeteria at lunch and overhear some other students talking. They have recently found out that approximately 60% of the Canadian population has a body weight above the healthy range. One of the students comments that they don't understand why so many people are overweight or obese. They state that the problem is simply that people are too lazy to diet and exercise. Consider the factors that affect body weight. Do you agree with their comment? Explain why or why not.

Question 62

Your friend would like to lose weight. Currently her BMI is at 26 kg/m². She is considering trying a new diet that promises she will lose 2 kg/week. When you research the diet you notice it restricts total energy intake to no more than 750 kilocalories per day. She will also have to drink one of their "fat burning" drinks per day. Would you agree with her desire to lose weight? Why or why not? Is the proposed diet appropriate? Why or why not? What should she consider when looking for a diet plan? How could she go about designing her own diet plan?

Question 63

Imagine you are working at a health clinic and Zachary comes in for his appointment. You collect his personal health information and determine that he is male, Caucasian, and 46 years-old. Next you record a body weight of 89 kg and a height of 1.8 m. Provide an initial assessment of his risk of disease. Explain the steps you took in this assessment. Discuss the limitations of this assessment and outline other tests and measurements necessary to develop a more complete picture of his overall health. Provide details on each of the measurements you would take including healthy ranges where applicable.