Deck 9: Nutrients Involved in Energy Metabolism

Question 1

You notice an individual with a large bump where their thyroid gland is located. They are also experiencing fatigue. What nutrient imbalance is the most likely cause of their health problems?

A)choline toxicity
B)chromium toxicity
C)manganese deficiency
D)iodine deficiency

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is a main symptom of dry beriberi?

A)dermatitis
B)nerve damage
C)hemorrhaging
D)blindness

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The vitamin thiamine is composed of a thiazole and a(n)________ group.

A)amine
B)sulphur
C)oxygen
D)phosphate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Thiamine is part of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)which is required for the:

A)breakdown of glucose.
B)production of red blood cells.
C)metabolism of fatty acids.
D)synthesis of new cells.

Question 5

Which of the following B-vitamins primarily functions in cell regeneration and the synthesis of red blood cells?

A)pantothenic acid
B)folate
C)riboflavin
D)niacin

Question 6

Riboflavin assists with antioxidant function through its role as a coenzyme for which enzyme?

A)glutathione peroxidase
B)alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
C)succinase
D)hexokinase

Question 7

The primary role of the B-complex vitamins is to:

A)provide the body with energy.
B)act as coenzymes.
C)maintain and repair body tissues.
D)maintain acid-base balance.

Question 8

Branch chain amino acids are converted to carbon skeletons by two alpha keto acid dehydrogenase complexes that have which vitamin as the primary coenzyme?

A)riboflavin
B)thiamine
C)ascorbic acid
D)valine

Question 9

Consider the primary source of riboflavin for Canadians. Who would you expect to have inadequate riboflavin in their diet?

A)people with an allergy to berries and apples
B)people with lactose intolerance
C)people with an allergy to seafood
D)people with a disease affecting fat absorption

Question 10

Which of the following populations would be most likely to have poor thiamine status due to inadequate dietary intakes?

A)children
B)vegans
C)rugby players
D)elderly

Question 11

Which of the following can be a consequence of wet beriberi?

A)liver failure
B)heart failure
C)hemorrhaging
D)muscle wasting

Question 12

TPP plays a critical role in the breakdown of glucose for energy. Which water-soluble vitamin is part of the TPP complex?

A)thiamine
B)biotin
C)riboflavin
D)niacin

Question 13

Alcohol related thiamine deficiency is called:

A)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
B)alcohol hypothiaminosis.
C)beriberi.
D)pellagra.

Question 14

Which of the following minerals may have a role in diabetes development due to its role in glucose metabolism?

A)biotin
B)iodine
C)chromium
D)manganese

Question 15

The first B-complex vitamin discovered was:

A)niacin.
B)thiamine.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B₁₂.

Question 16

Which of the following B-vitamins is part of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)?

A)pantothenic acid
B)biotin
C)thiamine
D)riboflavin

Question 17

Which of the following is the BEST source of thiamine?

A)citrus fruits
B)green leafy vegetables
C)milk
D)whole grain cereal

Question 18

A thiamine deficiency disease is called:

A)pellagra.
B)hypothiaminosis.
C)beriberi.
D)dermatitis.

Question 19

You are working in a clinic and a patient comes in complaining of swelling around their mouth and throat, skin irritation, and a purple-coloured tongue. What would be your diagnosis?

A)pellagra
B)beriberi
C)ariboflavinosis
D)goiter

Question 20

The B-complex vitamin involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in the energy-producing metabolic pathways is:

A)niacin.
B)riboflavin.
C)thiamine.
D)folate.

Question 21

Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?

A)niacin
B)ascorbic acid
C)phenylalanine
D)cobalamin

Question 22

Which of the following conditions have vitamin B₆ supplements been used to treat?

A)high cholesterol
B)hypertension
C)baldness
D)premenstrual syndrome

Question 23

Nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are two forms of:

A)niacin.
B)cigarette smoke.
C)folate.
D)riboflavin.

Question 24

Which of the following is the MOST likely to be the primary source for iodine in Canadians?

A)fresh water fish
B)fruits and vegetables
C)dairy products
D)salted foods

Question 25

The RDA for riboflavin for adults aged 19 years and older is:

A)5 mg/day for men and 6 mg/day for women.
B)3)5 mg/day for men and 2.5 mg/day for women.
C)1 mg/day for men and .5 mg/day for women.
D)1)3 mg/day for men and 1.1 mg/day for women.

Question 26

Jackie eats a banana, tuna fish sandwich, dry granola, and a slice of cheese. Which of these foods has the highest amount of available niacin?

A)tuna fish
B)granola
C)cheese
D)banana

Question 27

Vitamin B₆ is a coenzyme for PLP which plays a role in the process of making nonessential amino acids. This process is termed:

A)glycolysis.
B)transamination.
C)lipolysis.
D)proteolysis.

Question 28

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of ________ hormones.

A)estrogen
B)growth
C)thyroid
D)gastrointestinal

Question 29

Acetyl CoA is metabolized from which B-vitamin?

A)thiamine
B)pantothenic acid
C)riboflavin
D)niacin

Question 30

Which of the following is a primary symptom of niacin toxicity?

A)dizziness
B)diarrhea
C)fatigue
D)flushing

Question 31

Which dietary source of niacin has the highest availability?

A)cereal grains
B)poultry
C)enriched bread products
D)mushrooms

Question 32

What percentage of dietary vitamin B₆ comes from animal sources in a typical Canadian diet?

A)20
B)40
C)50
D)60

Question 33

Pellagra is the deficiency disease associated with:

A)folate.
B)niacin.
C)thiamine.
D)riboflavin.

Question 34

Which of the following is a vitamin-like substance (not a true vitamin)?

A)pantothenic acid
B)biotin
C)choline
D)riboflavin

Question 35

You notice a strange fishy odor around your friend and they complain of diarrhea. What supplement are they likely consuming in excessive amounts?

A)pantothenic acid
B)niacin
C)acetyl CoA
D)choline

Question 36

The chronic overconsumption of ________ can result in a biotin deficiency.

A)herbal tea
B)raw egg whites
C)fibre
D)grapefruit juice

Question 37

The chemical name for vitamin B₆ is:

A)pantothenic acid.
B)pyridoxine.
C)folate.
D)niacin.

Question 38

The structure of biocytin differs from free biotin because it has a(n)________ attached to the carboxyl end.

A)amino acid
B)fatty acid
C)methyl group
D)amine group

Question 39

________ is involved in the synthesis and release of a neurotransmitter involved in muscle movement and memory storage.

A)Biotin
B)Choline
C)Niacin
D)Pyridoxal

Question 40

Which of the following B-complex vitamins is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids?

A)vitamin B₆
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)folate
D)pantothenic acid

Question 41

When travelling through India, you notice an elderly man with dermatitis on his neck and hands. He appears to be confused, extremely underweight, and fatigued. Which of the following disorders does he have?

A)pellagra
B)goiter
C)beriberi
D)anemia

Question 42

Violet has been consuming a vegan diet for 10 years now. Recently she has been feeling depressed, confused, and her doctor has told her she has anemia. Which of the following is she most likely to be deficient in?

A)iodine
B)vitamin B₆
C)niacin
D)choline

Question 43

You are interested in conducting a research study to determine if the riboflavin recommendations for the general population will meet the needs of an endurance swimmer. Explain you study methodology.

Question 44

An infant is born with stunted growth, deafness, and cretinism. Which of the following was the mother MOST likely to have been deficient in during pregnancy?

A)iodine
B)choline
C)manganese
D)biotin

Question 45

Outline why an Adequate Intake (AI)has been established for choline despite the fact that it is not a true vitamin. Given that data regarding choline intakes is not available, provide your educated opinion on choline intakes in Canadians. Justify your response.

Question 46

Amitola is a female hockey player. Which of the following strategies would be the BEST option for Amitola to obtain optimal amounts of all B-vitamins?

A)eat a diet high in unenriched processed foods
B)take a supplement providing all of the B-vitamins daily
C)eat a healthy diet that meets her energy needs, this will naturally increase her intake of B-vitamins
D)eat a diet that is high in fish and lean meats and provides 40% of total kilocalories from protein

Question 47

Which of the following plays a role in cholesterol and steroid synthesis and in the detoxification of drugs?

A)iodine
B)sulphur
C)niacin
D)pantothenic acid

Question 48

Strength trained athletes are recommended to consume an increased amount of protein as compared to healthy adults. What impact could this have on their vitamin B₆ requirements?

Question 49

How would you respond to a body builder that tells you they are going to take a chromium supplement to increase their muscle mass?

Question 50

Which trace mineral is a cofactor involved in the formation of urea?

A)calcium
B)iodine
C)manganese
D)sodium

Question 51

Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by the autoimmune disease called:

A)Graves' disease.
B)pellagra.
C)beriberi.
D)cretinism.

Question 52

Discuss the role of manganese in protecting the body from oxidative damage.

Question 53

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of sulphur?

A)carrots
B)white rice
C)poultry
D)cookies

Question 54

At a nutrition clinic, the Registered Dietitian notices that a client's choline intake is 250 mg/d. The client is male and 39 years of age. Describe some potential health concerns associated with his choline intake.

Question 55

Explain why an athlete may think that niacin supplements will improve physical performance. Consider niacin's role in the metabolism of the macronutrients in your response.

Question 56

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), adult intakes of vitamin B6 are:

A)extremely deficient.
B)just below the RDA.
C)in the healthy range.
D)excessively high.

Question 57

An advertisement for a B-vitamin complex states that it is difficult for healthy adults to consume adequate amounts of the B-complex vitamins through diet alone and that supplements are required. Do you agree or disagree? Consider what type of a diet is low in B-vitamins and the measures Health Canada has taken to increase intakes.

Question 58

In a clinical experiment, a researcher provides a diet designed to create a chromium deficiency. What effect would this have on a research participant's response to a high glycemic index food?

Question 59

You are trying to decide between two brands of milk. They appear to be identical except one brand comes in a clear plastic container and the other in an opaque cardboard container. Which would you choose and why?

Question 60

Talib is an 25-year-old endurance runner. He currently obtains 1.5 mg/day of thiamine, 1.8 mg/day of riboflavin, and 0.8 mg/day of vitamin B₆. Which of the following changes would you recommend Talib make to ensure optimal physical performance?

A)add a salad to his dinner
B)eat a tuna sandwich for lunch
C)take a B-vitamin supplement
D)drink a chocolate milk after his workout

Question 61

Imagine you have been asked by the coach of the men's varsity soccer team (players aged 19-22 years)to do a talk on the importance of the B-complex vitamins and the ability to exercise. Provide information on the roles of thiamine, riboflavin, and vitamin B₆ as they relate to exercise. Explain the requirements for each and how they change with increased physical activity. Provide suggestions to the team for how they can meet their requirements.

Question 62

Imagine that it is 1948 and you are responsible for explaining to the government why they should make it mandatory to add iodine to table salt. Explain the importance of iodine including its role in the body and the concerns with a deficiency. Explain the reason why iodine intakes would be low in Canadians if iodine was not added to table salt. Defend the idea that adding iodine to salt is a feasible solution.

Question 63

Discuss the state of thiamine intakes in Canadians. Who is at risk of a thiamine deficiency in Canada? What are some potential consequences of a thiamine deficiency? What should be done to improve thiamine intakes in the Canadian population?