Deck 8: Micronutrients, Phytochemicals, and Functional Foods

Question 1

How many water soluble vitamins are essential for human health?

A)2
B)5
C)7
D)9

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following foods would have the highest iron absorption?

A)spinach
B)raisins
C)fish
D)milk

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which vitamin is categorized as a member of the K vitamin "umbrella"?

A)alpha-tocopherols
B)phylloquinone
C)cholecalciferol
D)retinol

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following minerals is correctly linked with the associated disease risk?

A)iron and muscle wasting
B)magnesium and cancer
C)zinc and hypertension
D)chromium and type 2 diabetes

Question 5

You are reading a label and the ingredients list includes pyridoxine as an additive. Which vitamin has been added to this food?

A)A
B)C
C)B₆
D)B₁₂

Question 6

Which vitamin was discovered first?

A)A
B)B₁₂
C)C
D)K

Question 7

Vitamin supplements may be harmful. Which supplement, when taken in high doses, has been associated with increased risk of osteoporosis and hip fractures in older adults?

A)A
B)B₃
C)B₁₂
D)D

Question 8

In the early 1900s, Japanese children who did not consume fish developed a form of blindness. Which vitamin were they deficient in?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin E

Question 9

Which of the following is true about iron?

A)Iron is a major mineral.
B)Iron is an organic molecule.
C)Heme iron is more easily absorbed.
D)Iron from plants is more easily absorbed.

Question 10

One of the primary differences between vitamins and minerals is that:

A)minerals are essential and vitamins are not.
B)minerals are inorganic and vitamins are organic.
C)minerals are large molecules and vitamins are small molecules.
D)minerals are absorbed and vitamins are digested then absorbed.

Question 11

Which water soluble vitamin can be stored by the body?

A)vitamin C
B)thiamine
C)riboflavin
D)B₁₂

Question 12

Which of the following is classified as a trace mineral?

A)calcium
B)sodium
C)iron
D)potassium

Question 13

Which of the following is classified as a major mineral?

A)zinc
B)iodine
C)selenium
D)sulphur

Question 14

Which of the following decreases the absorption of calcium?

A)oxalates
B)vitamin C
C)lactose
D)dietary fat

Question 15

Beriberi, a condition affecting the nervous system, is prevalent in people who consume polished rice as their staple food. A deficiency in which vitamin causes Beriberi?

A)niacin
B)thiamine
C)cobalamin
D)ascorbic acid

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to cause a vitamin A toxicity?

A)overconsumption of supplements
B)overconsumption of milk
C)application of vitamin A cream for acne
D)overconsumption of fatty oils

Question 17

In 1906, F.G. Hopkins first called vitamins and minerals:

A)essential substances.
B)essential factors.
C)nutrients.
D)accessory factors.

Question 18

In the 1890s, a Dutch physician linked a highly refined diet to:

A)scurvy.
B)blindness.
C)rickets.
D)beriberi.

Question 19

Which of the following are classified as micronutrients?

A)vitamins
B)water
C)fat
D)protein

Question 20

Which of the following minerals would you expect to have a higher dietary recommendation?

A)fluoride
B)iron
C)calcium
D)zinc

Question 21

If someone were to try to lose weight by consuming an ultra-low-fat diet, which of the following vitamins may not be properly absorbed?

A)folate
B)niacin
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin C

Question 22

If someone were to consume large amounts of the following vitamins, which would be the LEAST likely to build up to toxic levels in the body?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin A
D)vitamin C

Question 23

Which of the following vitamins has a primary role in regulating blood calcium levels?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin C

Question 24

Sonia's diet is low in several different vitamins. Which of the following vitamins would her body become deficient in first?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin E

Question 25

Zack would like to increase his vitamin E intake because he has heard that vitamin E is associated with better health. Which of the following strategies would you recommend?

A)adding nuts to his diet
B)adding red meat to his diet
C)taking a vitamin E supplement daily
D)adding vitamin E enriched eggs to his diet

Question 26

________ is a phytochemical found in red wine, grapes, and nuts that is proposed to have health benefits.

A)Resveratrol
B)Cholesterol
C)Beta-ethanol
D)Beta-carotene

Question 27

Which type of study is most commonly used as evidence for the benefits of phytochemicals?

A)epidemiological
B)experimental
C)survey
D)retrospective

Question 28

Naturally occurring substances found in plants are called:

A)steroids.
B)antioxidants.
C)phytochemicals.
D)chlorofluorocarbons.

Question 29

Megadosing with vitamin A can cause:

A)irreversible organ damage.
B)increased bone density.
C)haemorrhagic strokes.
D)hemolytic anemia.

Question 30

A functional food provides:

A)all of the essential nutrients.
B)health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
C)a convenient and easy meal.
D)all of the required phytochemicals.

Question 31

A food defined as "pro-life" is called:

A)a prebiotic.
B)an antibiotic.
C)a life giving food.
D)a probiotic.

Question 32

Prebiotics are:

A)types of fibre naturally found in fruits and vegetables.
B)foods that will become probiotics if left to ferment.
C)types of proteins that act as natural antibiotics.
D)banned by the Health Canada because they contain harmful bacteria.

Question 33

Which of the following would be the BEST choice if you wanted to increase your intake of flavonoids?

A)green tea
B)apples
C)extra dark chocolate
D)spinach

Question 34

You hear of a cookie that has been specially designed to help lower cholesterol levels by replacing some of the white flour with pea flour. You know pea flour is high in fibre and the new cookie will have a greater fibre content than the original. How would you classify this cookie?

A)as a phytochemical
B)as a functional food
C)as a genetically modified food
D)as junk food

Question 35

Which of the following is a potential health benefit of moderate alcohol consumption?

A)increased LDL cholesterol
B)increased HDL cholesterol
C)increased triglycerides
D)increase in anxiety level

Question 36

Antioxidants neutralize:

A)DNA.
B)lipids.
C)free radicals.
D)water.

Question 37

Which of the following is a good example of the synergistic action of phytochemicals?

A)Phytochemical have independent functions and do not affect each other.
B)Phytochemicals oppose the action of some vitamins and impair their function.
C)Phytochemicals interact with each other to provide a greater summative effect.
D)Phytochemicals neutralize free radicals only when taken as an isolated supplement.

Question 38

Which of the following foods would you expect to contain probiotics?

A)low-fat yogourt
B)skim milk
C)unfermented tofu
D)high-fibre cereal bars

Question 39

The prefix phyto means:

A)light.
B)plant.
C)fibre.
D)photon.

Question 40

Which of the following nutrients is fed to chickens, to increase the levels in eggs, in the hopes of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A)vitamin C
B)omega 3 fatty acids
C)flavonoids
D)albumin

Question 41

Marco is lactose intolerant and would like to get his calcium from calcium fortified juices but he is concerned that he will not absorb the calcium effectively. What would you tell him?

Question 42

St John's Wort is an herbal remedy for mild depression. Under which legislation would it be regulated in Canada?

A)Natural Food Regulations
B)Functional Food Products Regulations
C)Natural Health Products Regulations
D)Foods and Health Products Regulations

Question 43

You are meeting with a group of individuals with osteoporosis. Which of the following foods would be the most beneficial for them to consume to increase their calcium intakes?

A)spinach
B)almonds
C)skim milk
D)poultry

Question 44

Anna follows a vegan diet and is concerned about her iron intakes. Which foods would you recommend she eat? What could she do to enhance her iron absorption?

Question 45

Quentin would like to increase his vitamin B₁₂ intakes and tells you that the best way for him to do this is to consume a vitamin fortified water. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Question 46

What would you say to someone who decides to take resveratrol supplements to reduce their risk of cardiovascular diseases?

Question 47

Imagine you have discovered a new compound required for the body to function. Your chemical testing determines that the compound does not provide energy, does not contain carbon, and cannot be synthesized by either plants or animals. How would you classify your compound based on the information provided?

Question 48

Explain how the bioavailability of calcium in milk would differ from the calcium in almonds.

Question 49

What is nutrigenomics? Explain how nutrigenomics could affect micronutrient recommendations.

Question 50

Lucinda is a twelve-year-old girl who would prefer to drink soda pop over milk. What impact could this have on her long-term bone health.

Question 51

In which of the following would you expect the majority of vitamin D to be stored?

A)muscle
B)small intestine
C)adipose
D)epidermis

Question 52

You are looking for reliable information on dietary supplements. Which of the following websites would you be MOST likely to trust?

A)a website whose primary purpose is to sell supplements
B)a website containing references and links to recent scientific articles
C)a website written by anonymous authors
D)None; websites cannot be considered reliable sources of information.

Question 53

A deficiency of which of the following minerals would result in rickets?

A)vitamin D
B)calcium
C)sulphur
D)iron

Question 54

Vitamin D, from food sources, must have two ________ groups added to its structure before it can be used by the cells.

A)phosphate
B)hydroxyl
C)electron
D)protein

Question 55

An advertisement for carrots in a senior's magazine announces that they may be able to improve vision. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Question 56

There is promising evidence to suggest that ________ are beneficial in irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases.

A)apples
B)extra dark chocolates
C)omega-3 eggs
D)probiotics

Question 57

Which of the following vitamins is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin E
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin K

Question 58

High-potency ________ supplements have been shown to increase death rates among male smokers.

A)vitamin E
B)vitamin C
C)niacin
D)beta-carotene

Question 59

You have read about the health benefits of probiotics and decide to add yogourt to your grocery list. What would you look for to ensure you are getting an effective dose of probiotics?

Question 60

A deficiency of which of the following minerals would result in dental caries?

A)folate
B)iodine
C)fluoride
D)selenium

Question 61

Your mother tells you that she has heard that antioxidants can reduce the risk of diseases of aging. She asks you to explain how this occurs. She suggests drinking three glasses of red wine with dinner and eating a milk chocolate bar as a snack, to reduce the risk of age-related diseases. Do you agree with these dietary changes? Explain why or why not.

Question 62

Do you think Health Canada should provide a RDA for phytochemicals? Use your knowledge of what information would be required to justify your response. Explain how Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide makes recommendations to ensure Canadians are consuming phytochemicals on a daily basis?

Question 63

Compare and contrast vitamins and minerals. Include information on their role in the body, chemical properties, classification, and preferred means of obtaining the RDA.