Deck 1: The Role of Nutrition in Our Health

Question 1

Which of the following would contain organic nutrients?

A)calcium supplement
B)water
C)whey protein
D)iron supplement

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a UNIQUE property of lipids compared with the properties of other macronutrients?

A)Lipids are soluble in water.
B)Lipids are an important source of energy for the body.
C)Lipids are comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
D)Lipids yield more calories per gram than carbohydrate or protein.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following are examples of carbohydrate rich foods?

A)butter and corn oil
B)beef and pork
C)wheat and lentils
D)bacon and eggs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following classes of nutrients provides energy to the body?

A)carbohydrate
B)vitamins
C)minerals
D)water

Question 5

Which of the following BEST describes nutrition?

A)the science of growing healthy foods
B)the science of food and how food nourishes our bodies and influences health
C)an ancient science that dates back to the fourteenth century
D)the science of food and food processing

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary function of dietary protein?

A)serves as a primary fuel source for the brain
B)provides a large energy store
C)regulates metabolism and fluid balance
D)serves as a primary source of energy for the body

Question 7

Which of the following nutrients yields the most energy per gram?

A)carbohydrate
B)lipid
C)protein
D)vitamin

Question 8

Which of the following is a goal of the Integrated Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy?

A)develop Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
B)promote health disparities
C)improve overall health outcomes
D)regulate health care spending

Question 9

Which BEST defines chronic disease?

A)a disease that comes on slowly and can persist for years
B)a condition that has a rapid onset and is easily cured
C)a disease caused by a microorganism
D)a disease that affects only elderly people

Question 10

Amino acids are the building blocks for which of the following nutrients?

A)carbohydrate
B)lipid
C)vitamin
D)protein

Question 11

Jasmine consumed a breakfast that contained 85 grams of carbohydrate, 20 grams of protein, and 18 grams of fat. How many kilocalories did Jasmine eat at breakfast?

A)492 kilocalories
B)582 kilocalories
C)917 kilocalories
D)1 107 kilocalories

Question 12

Carbohydrates are composed of chains of carbon, hydrogen and:

A)nitrogen.
B)oxygen.
C)saccharides.
D)glycerol.

Question 13

Christopher's lunch contains 121 grams of carbohydrate, 40 grams of protein, and 25 grams of fat. Approximately what percent of kilocalories in this meal come from fat?

A)19%
B)26%
C)34%
D)42%

Question 14

Which of the following is classified as a lipid?

A)selenium
B)sterol
C)glycine
D)glucose

Question 15

For dinner, Marcus consumes 255 grams of carbohydrate, 70 grams of protein, and 50 grams of fat. In addition, Marcus decides that he wants a glass of wine with his meal. If he drinks one glass of wine containing 8 grams of alcohol, how many total kilocalories does he consume in this meal?

A)56 kilocalories
B)540 kilocalories
C)1 675 kilocalories
D)1 806 kilocalories

Question 16

Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?

A)carbohydrates
B)vitamins
C)lipids
D)alcohol

Question 17

Which of the following is considered the primary link between poor nutrition and chronic disease in Canada?

A)lack of vitamins and minerals
B)excessive alcohol intake
C)obesity
D)underweight

Question 18

Which element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?

A)carbon
B)hydrogen
C)nitrogen
D)oxygen

Question 19

Which of the following BEST describes minerals?

A)Minerals are broken down easily during digestion.
B)Minerals are easily destroyed by heat and light.
C)Minerals are inorganic micronutrients found in a variety of foods.
D)Minerals are nutrients needed in large amounts by the body.

Question 20

________ are examples of inorganic nutrients.

A)Vitamins
B)Lipids
C)Carbohydrates
D)Minerals

Question 21

Which of the following is a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?

A)Excesses of these vitamins are easily excreted.
B)Excesses of these vitamins are not toxic to the body.
C)Toxicity from food intakes of these vitamins is common.
D)These vitamins provide a source of energy.

Question 22

In malnutrition, a primary deficiency is one in which:

A)there is inadequate intake of a nutrient.
B)the person cannot absorb a nutrient.
C)the nutrient is not utilized by the body.
D)too much of the nutrient is secreted from the body.

Question 23

The ________ represents the average daily nutrient intake level that meets the nutrient requirements for 97% to 98% of healthy individuals.

A)EAR
B)RDA
C)UL
D)AI

Question 24

Which of the following organizations would deal with a harmful bacteria found in the food supply?

A)Health Canada
B)Canadian Food Inspection Agency
C)Centre for Health Promotion
D)Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion

Question 25

Your friend would like some professional advice on a diet plan for weight loss. Which of the following professionals would be the BEST for them to consult?

A)Registered Dietitian (RD)
B)PhD in nutrition
C)Medical doctor (MD)
D)Nutritionist

Question 26

An RDA is established based on the:

A)EAR.
B)DRI.
C)UL.
D)AI.

Question 27

Which of the following dietary tools requires both training of the client as well as explicit take-home instructions to the client?

A)diet history
B)twenty-four-hour recall
C)food-frequency questionnaire
D)diet records

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of an organic micronutrient?

A)folate
B)calcium
C)fat
D)iron

Question 29

What is a significant limitation to most dietary assessment tools?

A)They provide limited information on current nutrient intakes.
B)They are easy to administer.
C)They cannot be applied to the majority of foods.
D)They rely on a person's ability to self-report accurately.

Question 30

________ are inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat.

A)Vitamins
B)Minerals
C)Proteins
D)Fats

Question 31

The AMDR for fat is:

A)20-35%.
B)<10%.
C)10-35%.
D)45-65%.

Question 32

Which of the following government health agencies is responsible for regulating the use of natural health products?

A)Canadian Food Inspection Agency
B)Health Canada
C)Public Health Agency of Canada
D)Canadian Public Health Association

Question 33

Which of the following nutrients is classified as a major mineral?

A)calcium
B)iron
C)iodine
D)copper

Question 34

The AMDR for protein is:

A)20-35%.
B)<10%.
C)10-35%.
D)45-65%.

Question 35

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)were established to refocus nutrient recommendations toward preventing:

A)nutrient deficiencies.
B)infectious diseases.
C)undernutrition.
D)chronic diseases.

Question 36

Which of the following is guaranteed to have completed a four-year university degree specializing in nutrition?

A)Nutritionist
B)Registered Dietitian
C)Naturopath
D)Physician

Question 37

Vitamin C and the B-vitamins are examples of:

A)nonessential vitamins.
B)water -soluble vitamins.
C)fat-soluble vitamins.
D)trace vitamins.

Question 38

The standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals is:

A)EAR.
B)AI.
C)RDA.
D)UL.

Question 39

Which of the following describes the vitamins A, D, E, and K?

A)excreted via the urine
B)soluble in water
C)should be consumed daily
D)can be stored in the body

Question 40

Which of the following is a true anthropometric test?

A)body composition
B)waist circumference
C)hemoglobin levels
D)urine sample

Question 41

Explain how nutrition can impact physical activity.

Question 42

Which of the following is responsible for providing advice and information on the nutritional value of foods?

A)The Food Directorate
B)The Office of nutrition Policy and Promotion
C)The Canadian Food Inspection Agency
D)The Public Health Agency of Canada

Question 43

A group of your peers explain to you that they are worried about developing osteoporosis later in life. They have heard that calcium is important for strong bones and ask you for advice on their calcium intakes. You suggest they consume:

A)slightly more than the upper intake limit.
B)between the recommended dietary allowance and the upper limit.
C)at least the estimated average requirement.
D)less than the recommended dietary allowance.

Question 44

How do you define health? Discuss how nutrition is related to overall health.

Question 45

A long-distance runner decides to consume a diet where 40% of total calories come from protein. What are the concerns with this course of action?

Question 46

The type of study that observes a large population to determine factors that may influence nutritional habits and disease trends is called a(n):

A)case-controlled study.
B)clinical trial.
C)epidemiological study.
D)animal study.

Question 47

A recent animal study finds that green tea can decrease the incidence of prostate cancer in rats. What type of research study is this? Identify two limitations of this type of research study.

Question 48

At the end of a research study on product X, there is a note saying the authors were sponsored by the company that makes product X. Which of the following best describes the potential concern?

A)a use of testimonials
B)a conflict of interest
C)a misinterpretation of the results
D)a poor research design

Question 49

A(n)________ represents a scientific consensus as to why a particular phenomenon occurs.

A)alternate hypothesis
B)experiment
C)hypothesis
D)theory

Question 50

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in Canada?

A)heart disease
B)stroke
C)diabetes
D)cancer

Question 51

The second step of the scientific method is:

A)observing and describing a phenomenon.
B)testing a research question or hypothesis.
C)generating a hypothesis.
D)collecting data.

Question 52

An Internet search about the effects of vitamin C on the common cold yields two websites. The first website was published in 2004 by a vitamin company and advertises a monthly supply of vitamin C for 50% off. The second website is a blog put out by an academic researcher at a prominent post secondary institution and it contains several recent references to academic journals. Which would be more reliable and why?

Question 53

The Canadian organization of food and nutrition professionals is called:

A)Dietitians of Canada
B)Canadian Nutrition Society
C)Canadian Public Health Association
D)Nutritionists of Canada

Question 54

A health practitioner takes a series of anthropometric measurements on a client. How can they use the measurements to evaluate health?

Question 55

A researcher wants to use twenty-four-hour dietary recalls to evaluate the participants' dietary habits. You question if this is the most appropriate method because twenty-four-hour recalls:

A)are very time-consuming to use.
B)are very costly to collect.
C)do not assess servings sizes.
D)do not measure usual food intakes.

Question 56

Compare and contrast the earliest nutritional discoveries to current trends in nutrition research and health promotion. Why has the focus shifted?

Question 57

Dr. Sullivan is conducting a clinical trial to determine if vitamin Z can improve test performance of students in an introductory university/college nutrition course. Dr. Sullivan puts all the students' names in a hat and draws names to determine if they will be placed in the control or the experimental group. The experimental group receives a capsule of vitamin Z and the control group a "sugar pill" that tastes and looks identical to the vitamin Z capsule. Neither Dr. Sullivan nor the participants know who is receiving which treatment. This experiment is best described as:

A)single-blind, with random selection, and without a placebo.
B)double-blind, with non-random, and placebo-controlled.
C)single-blind, with random selection, placebo-controlled.
D)double-blind, with random selection, and placebo-controlled.

Question 58

Alcohol can inhibit the breakdown of nutrients and damage the gastrointestinal track, thus reducing the absorption of nutrients such as folate. How would you classify a folate deficiency that is due to alcoholism?

Question 59

How can you use the dietary reference intakes to determine a healthy individual's vitamin and mineral needs?

Question 60

Would you be more concerned about an overdose of vitamin D or vitamin C? Please give your reasons.

Question 61

You are interested in the effects of X, a new natural health product on weight loss. Formulate a hypothesis, design a research study to test product X and describe the steps you would take to implement it.

Question 62

The Pan-Canadian Healthy Living Strategy has four strategic directions. Imagine that your university or college decides to use these strategies to promote healthy eating. Create an example of how each could be implemented.

Question 63

Compare and contrast the four primary types of dietary intake tools and include the use and limitations of each.