Deck 5: Modern Biosocial Perspectives of Criminal Behavior

Question 1

According to research, about ______ males in the general population have the XYY mutation.

A)1 out of 100
B)1 out of 1,000
C)100 out of 1,000
D)10 out of 1,000

Answer 1

B

Question 2

______ is the neurotransmitter that is generally linked to feeling good.Its receptors are most often triggered by cocaine and methamphetamine.

A)Seritonin
B)Dopamine
C)Ribulatine
D)Cytogenetina

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Our voluntary motor skills are governed by our ______.

A)main nervous system
B)frontal nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)automatic nervous system

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to research on hormones and neurotransmitters, what is the best time of day to take a mathematical or spatial test?

A)early (morning)
B)lunchtime
C)early evening
D)late at night

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a possible variation of chromosomal anomalies?

A)XX
B)XY
C)XYX
D)XYY

Question 6

It is the ______ that controls heart rate.

A)main nervous system
B)frontal nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)autonomic nervous system

Question 7

Dugdale's study of the ______ family provided more support to genetics, not environment.This was because many children in the this family had "criminal looking" physical features.

A)Knight
B)O'Neall
C)Kallikak
D)Jukes

Question 8

One of the most notable adoptions stories was done by ______, which examined male children from ______.

A)Goddard, Switzerland
B)Dugdale, United States
C)Mednick, Copenhagen
D)Freud, Austria

Question 9

The ______ lobes are in charge of higher-level problem solving and executive functioning.

A)frontal
B)vertical
C)temporal
D)adjacent

Question 10

Information processing is very much dependent upon levels of ______.

A)seritonin
B)dopamine
C)ribulatine
D)cytogenetina

Question 11

Studies by ______ concluded that some families are more prone to criminality than others.

A)Lombroso
B)Hobbes
C)Goddard
D)Dugdale

Question 12

Based on photos taken of the Kallikak family, Goddard concluded that many family members had physical features that made them look like criminals.This fit his ______.

A)idea of concordance rates
B)application of Kleinfelter's syndrome
C)support for the nurture side of the nature vs.nurture debate
D)theory of stigmata

Question 13

Monozygotic twins are also known as ______ twins

A)identical
B)paternal
C)fraternal
D)maternal

Question 14

Adoption studies examined the predictive influence of the ______ parents versus that of the ______ parents.

A)biological; grand
B)biological; adoptive
C)maternal; adoptive
D)fraternal; adoptive

Question 15

Twin studies revealed that the genetic makeup of MZ twins was much greater than that of DZ twins.This was assessed using ______.

A)biological factors
B)concordance rates
C)criminal history
D)brain structure

Question 16

Males who have the XYY mutation will likely be more ______.

A)female-like
B)male-like
C)childish
D)passive

Question 17

Dizygotic twins are also known as ______ twins

A)identical
B)paternal
C)fraternal
D)maternal

Question 18

The likelihood of criminal offending is higher for persons with damage to their left ______ lobes.

A)occipital
B)temporal
C)ventral
D)lateral

Question 19

The normal human genetic complement consists of ______ pairs of chromosomes.

A)20
B)21
C)22
D)23

Question 20

The ______ abnormality has been linked with criminality.

A)XYY
B)XXX
C)XYX
D)XXY

Question 21

Of the four types of brain wave patterns, theta is the slowest.

Question 22

Children diagnosed with ______ have a higher likelihood of becoming criminal than do their peers.

A)PTSD
B)CNS
C)ADHD
D)LANS

Question 23

______ is when individuals with very low levels of ANS arousal seek out risky or illegal experience.

A)Adrenaline rush
B)Stimulus hunger
C)ADHD
D)Excitement

Question 24

Psychopaths tend to have more activity in the ______ patterns

A)alpha
B)beta
C)delta
D)theta

Question 25

An individual with a low level of ANS functioning is less likely to commit criminal acts than an individual with a high level of ANS functioning.

Question 26

Most of the twin pairs in the twins-separated-at-birth studies ______.

A)knew they had a twin
B)knew their twin
C)were raised in similar environments
D)were raised in different environments

Question 27

High levels of testosterone have numerous consequences.Which of the following is NOT one of those consequences?

A)lower sensitivity to pain
B)enhanced seeking of sensory stimulation
C)an aversion to risk-taking behaviors
D)right-hemisphere shift in brain dominance

Question 28

One of the first major studies of the XYY mutation was done in 1965.This study found that the mutation was far more common in the ______ male population of mental patients that in the general population.

A)German
B)English
C)Scottish
D)Irish

Question 29

Individuals with significantly lower levels of ANS arousal are ______ to pass lie detector tests.

A)more likely
B)less likely
C)there is insufficient data
D)neither more or less likely

Question 30

Chronic violent offenders have different levels of hormones and other chemicals than do those in the general population.

Question 31

Compared to the children in other families, the Kallikak children showed ______ proportionality of becoming criminal.

A)lower
B)higher
C)the same
D)inconclusive

Question 32

The dissection of the brain of serial killer ______ failed to locate an organic explanation of his behavior.

A)Charles Whitman
B)Albert Fish
C)John Wayne Gacy
D)Hannibal Lecter

Question 33

Everyone shares about ______ of their human genetic makeup.

A)1%
B)25%
C)75%
D)99%

Question 34

There are four types of brain wave patterns.The fastest wave pattern is ______, and the slowest is ______.

A)theta; alpha
B)theta; beta
C)beta; delta
D)alpha; beta

Question 35

Research on neurotransmitters is among the early studies that led to support of the biological effect on offending.

Question 36

______ twins have a higher concordance rate than ______.

A)Identical; fraternal
B)Fraternal; identical
C)Fraternal; twins separated at birth
D)Adopted; those not adopted

Question 37

The 'normal' chromosomal makeup for women is ______.

A)XX
B)XY
C)XXY
D)XXX

Question 38

The Mednick study found that the highest predictability for future criminality was among adopted youth whose biological parents and adoptive parents were convicted of a crime.

Question 39

Children with below average levels of ______ functioning probably do not fear punishment.

A)main nervous system
B)frontal nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)autonomic nervous system

Question 40

Female hormones are more present in the body ______, thus verbal tasks performed during this time will be better.

A)at day break
B)in the morning
C)in the afternoon or evening
D)late at night

Question 41

The Mednick study showed that the criminality of adoptive parents had a far greater predictive effect on future criminality of offspring that that of adoptive parents.

Question 42

Research on IQ test performance compared across different times of day revealed that individuals do score higher than normal when injected with androgens prior to test-taking.

Question 43

When considering the all of the findings about the nature-vs-nurture debate, the best conclusion is that both biology and environment have significant impacts on criminality.

Question 44

What factors led to Charles Whitman's shooting spree, and why are they pertinent?

Question 45

The conclusion that some families are more criminal than others is linked to heredity only.

Question 46

While damage to any part of the brain increases the risk of an individual's future criminality, injuries to certain parts of the brain result in more serious effects.

Question 47

Because of sampling issues, studies of identical twins separated at birth did not become possible until the early 1990s.

Question 48

Those who use/abuse cocaine produce lower levels of serotonin.

Question 49

Moral reasoning relies on the occipital lobe, which is the executive area of the brain.

Question 50

According to a study done in 1965, the XYY chromosomal mutation occurs in about one in 500 males in the general population.

Question 51

Damage to the temporal lobe will likely interfere with communication to some structures of the brain's limbic system.

Question 52

The XXY mutation is also known as Kleinfelter's syndrome.

Question 53

One of Goddard's main findings was that criminality is more common in some families.

Question 54

The author lists four primary interventions for reducing criminal behavior.Identify one of these interventions and describe how it could affect criminal behavior.

Question 55

What are the conclusions of Goddard's family studies, and how are they insightful to modern criminal behavioral perspectives?

Question 56

Cognitive decisions are the leading cause of criminal behavior.

Question 57

Describe how neurotransmitter levels can affect criminality.

Question 58

Beta waves are most often seen while people are sleeping.

Question 59

Describe how cytogenic studies of crime can change the policies regarding crime?

Question 60

Phenotype results from the interaction of genetics and the environment.