Deck 3: The Conquest of America

Question 1

Magellan's voyage of 1519-1522

A) convinced many skeptical Europeans that the world was round.
B) provided an important alternative route for European trade with the East.
C) resulted in Spanish acquisition of the Philippines.
D) led to war between Spain and Portugal.

Answer 1

resulted in Spanish acquisition of the Philippines.

Question 2

To free himself from the authority of Governor Velázquez, Cortés

A) promised great wealth to his men if they defied Velázquez.
B) scuttled all his ships to make return to Cuba impossible.
C) proclaimed that he owed obedience only to the emperor Charles V.
D) made shrewd use of Spanish medieval traditions of municipal autonomy.

Answer 2

made shrewd use of Spanish medieval traditions of municipal autonomy.

Question 3

The conquest of the Chibcha of Colombia was accomplished by

A) Francisco de Orellana.
B) Pedro de Valdivia.
C) Pedro de Mendoza.
D) Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.

Answer 3

Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.

Question 4

On his third voyage, Columbus discovered

A) the isthmus of Panama.
B) the mouths of the Orinoco.
C) Hispaniola.
D) Cuba.

Question 5

The last Aztec ruler was

A) Cuitlahuac.
B) Cuauhtemoc.
C) Moctezuma II.
D) Malinche.

Question 6

The main conflict between Columbus and the opponents of his "Enterprise of the Indies" arose from his opponents' claim that

A) the world was flat.
B) he would have to cross an impassable green sea of darkness.
C) the size of the ocean between Europe and Asia was greater than Columbus believed.
D) his ships could not survive the heat of the torrid zone.

Question 7

The factional struggle between the Almagros and the Pizarros involved a dispute over

A) possession of Cuzco.
B) possession of Chile.
C) the division of the treasure seized at Cajamarca.
D) whether Pizarro or Almagro should have the title of governor and captain general.

Question 8

A factor that aided the Spanish conquest of Mexico was

A) the treachery of Moctezuma's best generals.
B) the timely arrival of reinforcements from Spain.
C) Moctezuma's belief that Cortés was the returning god Quetzalcóatl.
D) the assistance given Cortés by Governor Velázquez of Cuba.

Question 9

The principal base for explorations leading to the conquest of Peru was

A) the town of Panama.
B) the port of Portobelo.
C) Guatemala City.
D) Hispaniola.

Question 10

The majority of conquistadors

A) had military backgrounds.
B) were commoners.
C) belonged to the middle class.
D) were hidalgos.

Question 11

Before he could march on Tenochtitlán, Cortés had to defeat the

A) Mixtecs.
B) Tlaxcalans.
C) Zapotecs.
D) Totonacs.

Question 12

The discoverer of the Pacific was

A) Amerigo Vespucci.
B) Pedro de Alvarado.
C) Vasco Núñez de Balboa.
D) Alonso de Ojeda.

Question 13

Atahualpa made a serious error by

A) underestimating the offensive capacity of the small Spanish force.
B) entrusting the command of his armies to incompetent generals.
C) accepting the divinity of the Spaniards.
D) refusing to meet with Pizarro.

Question 14

Uppermost among the motives of the Spanish conquistadors was the desire to

A) convert indigenous peoples.
B) serve the king.
C) gain wealth.
D) achieve glory.

Question 15

The last Inca of the royal line was

A) Manco.
B) Atahualpa.
C) Huascar.
D) Tupac Amaru.

Question 16

A major objective of Prince Henry the Navigator's African projects was to

A) find the sources of Muslim gold.
B) reach India by rounding Africa.
C) convert the heathen.
D) discover the sources of the Nile.

Question 17

Pedro de Alvarado provoked an Aztec uprising by

A) ordering the destruction of the great temple.
B) seizing Moctezuma and holding him as hostage.
C) ordering a massacre of leading Aztec chiefs and warriors.
D) forbidding the Aztecs to perform their ritual dances and songs.

Question 18

The revolt of Gonzalo Pizarro was caused by

A) announcement of the New Laws of the Indies.
B) royal support for the claims of the Almagro faction.
C) Pizarro's ambition to become king of Peru.
D) the overbearing conduct of the judge Pedro de la Gasca.

Question 19

In 1540, an expedition sent to search for the golden realm of Cibola departed under the command of

A) Cabeza de Vaca.
B) Francisco Vásquez de Coronado.
C) Pánfilo de Narváez.
D) Hernando de Soto.

Question 20

A major factor contributing to the swift fall of the indigenous empires was

A) the superior ideology of the Spaniards.
B) the ravages of diseases introduced by the Spaniards.
C) the effectiveness of the Spanish artillery.
D) indigenous superstition about horses.

Question 21

The characteristics of the "Vision of the Vanquished" include all of the following except

A) the conquest produced the greatest demographic catastrophe in recorded history.
B) the conquest gave an immense stimulus to the economic development of the Americas.
C) the conquest cut short the independent development of brilliant indigenous civilizations.
D) the conquest unleashed an ecological devastation of the Americas.

Question 22

The conquest of America affected Europe in all of the following ways except

A) it stimulated Europe's economic modernization.
B) it discredited the intellectual authority of the ancients and promoted modern empiricism.
C) it inspired ideas about the evils of private property and the benefits of popular government.
D) it discredited Europeans' racist and ethnocentric attitudes.

Question 23

IDENTIFICATION
Tlaxcala

Question 24

IDENTIFICATION
Amerigo Vespucci

Question 25

IDENTIFICATION
Gonzalo Pizarro

Question 26

IDENTIFICATION
Cuauhtemoc

Question 27

IDENTIFICATION
Prince Henry the Navigator

Question 28

IDENTIFICATION
Diego de Almagro

Question 29

IDENTIFICATION
Cabeza de Vaca

Question 30

Christopher Columbus was responsible for

A) prohibiting the enslavement of indigenous peoples in the Americas.
B) initiating the idea to enslave African peoples.
C) enslaving some 2000 indigenous "Caribs" later sold in Castile.
D) abolishing the practice of indigenous enslavement.

Question 31

IDENTIFICATION
Cajamarca

Question 32

IDENTIFICATION
Treaty of Tordesillas

Question 33

The conquest of the Canary Islands set a pattern that included all of the following except

A) genocidal destruction of indigenous Guanche peoples.
B) expansion of plantation systems based on agricultural export production.
C) enslavement of Africans to provide labor on the plantations.
D) private joint stock companies authorized to govern the colonies.

Question 34

IDENTIFICATION
Juan de Grijalva

Question 35

Lope de Aguirre was a

A) poor former conquistador who led a 16^th century rebellion against Phillip II.
B) wealthy conquistador who accompanied Cortez in the conquest of Mexico.
C) faithful servant of the Spanish Crown and an enemy of the encomenderos.
D) royal oidor (judge) who acquired a fortune and extensive landed estates in Peru.

Question 36

IDENTIFICATION
Vasco da Gama

Question 37

IDENTIFICATION
Atahualpa

Question 38

IDENTIFICATION
Araucanians

Question 39

IDENTIFICATION

-Sir Walter Raleigh

Question 40

IDENTIFICATION
compaña

Question 41

In order of descending importance, comment on the factors that explain the relative ease of the conquest of the great indigenous empires.

Question 42

IDENTIFICATION
Tainos

Question 43

IDENTIFICATION
Vasco Núñez de Balboa

Question 44

Why did Columbus believe he could reach the East by sailing west? What error or errors underlay his theory?

Question 45

Imagine that you are an Aztec spy sent by Moctezuma to the Gulf coast to report on the appearance, possessions, and character of the Spaniards.

Question 46

IDENTIFICATION
Bernal Díaz del Castillo

Question 47

IDENTIFICATION
The Vision of the Vanquished

Question 48

IDENTIFICATION
Pedro Alvares Cabral

Question 49

IDENTIFICATION
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

Question 50

Discuss the social makeup of the conquistador group.

Question 51

IDENTIFICATION
Lope de Aguirre

Question 52

IDENTIFICATION
Utopia

Question 53

Compare the conquests of Mexico and Peru.

Question 54

IDENTIFICATION
Adelantado