Deck 6: Colonial Brazil

Question 1

The government of Portuguese Brazil differed from that of the Spanish Indies in the

A) greater efficiency of Portuguese colonial administration.
B) much smaller scale of the Portuguese administration.
C) greater importance of municipal government in colonial Brazil.
D) heavier tax burdens imposed on colonial Brazil.

Answer 1

much smaller scale of the Portuguese administration.

Question 2

The Jesuits aroused the hostility of the Brazilian planters by their

A) opposition to black slavery.
B) insistence on complete freedom for indigenous peoples.
C) program for settling indigenous converts in Jesuit mission villages.
D) defense of interracial marriages.

Answer 2

program for settling indigenous converts in Jesuit mission villages.

Question 3

One permanent result of the mineral cycle was

A) the decline of the Northeast.
B) new centers of settlement in Brazil's southwest.
C) a fall in the value of gold and silver.
D) an improved system of roads from north to south.

Answer 3

new centers of settlement in Brazil's southwest.

Question 4

The principal threat to Portuguese sovereignty over Brazil came from

A) France.
B) England.
C) Spain.
D) Holland.

Question 5

The first Brazilian economic cycle was based on

A) cacao.
B) sugar.
C) tobacco.
D) brazilwood.

Question 6

The resistance of Brazilian natives to conquest and enslavement was hampered by

A) the willingness of some tribes to ally themselves with the invaders.
B) the tendency of tribes to war with each other.
C) their belief that the invaders were gods.
D) their reliance on magic spells to expel the invaders.

Question 7

Individuals in Brazil tended to be classified racially on the basis of

A) their social and economic status.
B) their physical appearance.
C) the proportion of white blood in their veins.
D) their father's race.

Question 8

The free commoner population of colonial Brazil consisted primarily of

A) yeoman farmers.
B) squatters in the backcountry.
C) artisans.
D) tenant farmers.

Question 9

The most famous Brazilian fugitive slave settlement was

A) Alagoas.
B) Palmares.
C) São Vicente.
D) Villa Rica.

Question 10

The decline of the Brazilian sugar industry by the late seventeenth century was primarily because of

A) soil exhaustion.
B) competition from more efficient Caribbean plantations and refineries.
C) continual indigenous attacks on plantations.
D) burdensome royal export taxes on sugar.

Question 11

The principal activity of the bandeirantes was

A) the capture of indigenous slaves.
B) the search for gold and silver.
C) the smuggling trade with La Plata.
D) settlement of the Brazilian West.

Question 12

José da Silva Xavier (Tiradentes) is identified with

A) the beginnings of the Enlightenment in Brazil.
B) a conspiracy to revolt and establish a republic in Brazil.
C) the first movement for the abolition of slavery in Brazil.
D) a program for the industrialization of Brazil.

Question 13

The War of the Mascates was

A) a struggle between Brazilian-born mazombos and peninsulars.
B) a slave rebellion.
C) the first struggle for Brazilian independence.
D) a war against Dutch invaders.

Question 14

Brazil fell into the Portuguese zone of exploration and settlement by virtue of the

A) voyage of Vasco da Gama.
B) papal line of demarcation of 1493.
C) Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494.
D) voyage of Magellan.

Question 15

The major contribution to the intellectual life of colonial Brazil was made by

A) the merchant class.
B) the planter class.
C) the clergy.
D) royal officials.

Question 16

An important element in Pombal's effort to reconquer Brazilian markets for Portugal was

A) creation of a large merchant marine fleet.
B) suppression of English smuggling to Brazil.
C) promotion of industry in Brazil.
D) formation of companies with monopolies of trade with particular regions of Brazil.

Question 17

The eighteenth-century mineral cycle initiated a major shift in Brazil's center of economic gravity from

A) north to south.
B) east to west.
C) south to north.
D) west to east.

Question 18

In Brazil, the campaign of Las Casas to defend indigenous peoples in the Spanish Indies had a certain counterpart in the work of

A) Antônio Vieira.
B) Manoel da Nóbrega.
C) José de Anchieta.
D) Tomé de Sousa.

Question 19

The view that Brazilian slavery was milder than slavery in other colonies was largely fostered by the writings of

A) Henry Koster.
B) André João Antonil.
C) Charles Boxer.
D) Gilberto Freyre.

Question 20

In colonial Brazil, great landowners often enhanced their personal influence with the immense power attached to the office of

A) capitão mor.
B) ouvidor.
C) corregidor.
D) donatorio.

Question 21

IDENTIFICATION
ouvidor

Question 22

IDENTIFICATION
capitão mor

Question 23

IDENTIFICATION
donatory

Question 24

IDENTIFICATION
Antônio Vieira

Question 25

Duarte Coelho, one of Brazil's most successful donatories,

A) donated large sums of money to the Catholic Church.
B) received donations to the Crown from quitrents paid by loyal Brazilian landlords.
C) governed the captaincy of Pernambuco and profited handsomely from its sugar industry.
D) defeated the Dutch challenge to Portuguese sovereignty in Brazil and reconquered Palmares.

Question 26

IDENTIFICATION
Manoel da Nóbrega

Question 27

IDENTIFICATION
engenho

Question 28

IDENTIFICATION
captaincy system

Question 29

The Senado da Câmara was a municipal council whose membership

A) was democratically elected in elections open to all adult, non-indigenous males.
B) required royal appointment and faithful allegiance to the Crown.
C) represented the ruling class of merchants, planters, and professionals.
D) was determined by the ouvidor, who combined judicial and administrative duties.

Question 30

The Metheun Treaty, which repaid British support for Portugal's revolt against Spain,

A) allowed British merchants to trade with Brazil and reduced Portugal to a British colony.
B) permitted the British to seize the richest sugar-growing portions of the Brazilian coast.
C) granted the British navy the right to build and fortify a naval base at Recife on Brazil's coast.
D) prevented the Dutch West India Company from resisting British control of Brazilian trade.

Question 31

Treatment of enslaved Africans in Brazil was especially harsh because slaveowners

A) were psychotic racists intent upon the extermination of black people.
B) coldly calculated that they could double their profits by working slaves to death.
C) greatly feared Africans, who far outnumbered the tiny Portuguese slave-holding elite.
D) were ignorant of other ways to increase labor productivity.

Question 32

IDENTIFICATION
Dutch West India Company

Question 33

Tomé de Sousa was a royal governor of Bahia who

A) successfully reconquered the rebellious quilombo of Palmares in 1694.
B) defeated Prince Maurice of Nassau and ended the Dutch colonial occupation of Recife.
C) secured royal authority in Brazil by revoking hereditary rights and privileges of donatories.
D) enriched himself and his vassals by collecting quitrents from fifty sugar mills.

Question 34

IDENTIFICATION
bandeirantes

Question 35

IDENTIFICATION
relacão

Question 36

IDENTIFICATION
Marquis de Pombal

Question 37

IDENTIFICATION
José de Anchieta

Question 38

IDENTIFICATION
aldeias

Question 39

IDENTIFICATION
fazenda

Question 40

IDENTIFICATION
Pedro Álvares Cabral

Question 41

What was the sequence of colonial Brazil's economic cycles? Explain the occurrence of these cycles.

Question 42

IDENTIFICATION
Tiradentes

Question 43

IDENTIFICATION
Palmares

Question 44

IDENTIFICATION
Casa Grande

Question 45

IDENTIFICATION
Tomé de Sousa

Question 46

IDENTIFICATION
quilombos

Question 47

How did black slavery influence the economic and social life of colonial Brazil?

Question 48

Summarize the reform program of the Marquis de Pombal and assess the program's achievements.

Question 49

IDENTIFICATION
Duarte Coelho

Question 50

IDENTIFICATION
Metheun Treaty

Question 51

Compare the governmental systems of colonial Spanish America and Brazil, noting similarities and differences.

Question 52

IDENTIFICATION
mazombos

Question 53

Describe "the self-contained world" of the fazenda and "the intricate web of relationships" between the master and his slaves and white or mixed-blood subordinates.

Question 54

IDENTIFICATION
Diamond District