Deck 2: The Hispanic Background

Question 1

Castile's military supremacy in sixteenth-century Europe was based on the

A) vast military experience acquired in the course of the Reconquest.
B) large-scale use of German and other foreign mercenaries.
C) new-style Castilian army created by Gonzalo de Córdoba.
D) acquisition of Navarre in 1512.

Answer 1

new-style Castilian army created by Gonzalo de Córdoba.

Question 2

The paintings of Velázquez are characterized by

A) detachment and mastery of technique in depicting the life of the Spanish court.
B) the tendency to embellish or flatter his royal subjects.
C) a preference for lower-class scenes and subjects.
D) a preference for pastoral scenes depicting his noble subjects as shepherds and shepherdesses.

Answer 2

detachment and mastery of technique in depicting the life of the Spanish court.

Question 3

The revolt of the Comuneros began as a

A) protest against converso influence in the court of Charles V.
B) revolt of peasants and artisans against the great landowners of Castile.
C) protest against Flemish influence in the royal court and heavy new taxes.
D) protest against the efforts of Charles V to abolish the Cortes.

Answer 3

protest against Flemish influence in the royal court and heavy new taxes.

Question 4

In 1492 the Catholic Sovereigns ordered the expulsion of all

A) Jews who would not accept Christianity.
B) conversos and Jews.
C) conversos suspected of heresy.
D) Jews and Muslims.

Question 5

The picaresque novel dealt with the

A) adventures of heroic knights in a fantastic world inhabited by giants and wizards.
B) problems of the new middle class.
C) love affairs and intrigues of the nobility.
D) seamy side of a world inhabited by rogues and vagabonds.

Question 6

One method used by Queen Isabella to curb the power of the aristocracy was

A) abolition of the right of primogeniture.
B) destruction of all baronial castles.
C) heavy taxation of noble estates.
D) appointment of officials from the lower nobility and the middle class.

Question 7

The career of the famous Cid illustrates the

A) crusading spirit of the Reconquest.
B) peaceful coexistence of Jews, Muslims, and Christians in the Reconquest of Iberia.
C) religious intolerance of his time.
D) importance of feudal loyalties and ties in the Reconquest.

Question 8

Fueros were

A) the immunities enjoyed by members of the Cortés.
B) petitions presented to the king by the deputies of the towns.
C) special taxes imposed on Jews and Moriscos.
D) charters of liberties granted to towns by the king.

Question 9

A turning point in the Reconquest was the

A) Christian victory at Las Navas de Tolosa.
B) capture of Córdoba.
C) surrender of Seville.
D) capture of Valencia in 1094.

Question 10

A major weakness of the Visigothic empire in Iberia was its

A) failure to assimilate Roman culture.
B) Germanic tradition of elective succession to the kingship.
C) severe persecution of heretics.
D) backward landed system of vast estates worked by serfs.

Question 11

In her work of reforming the church, Isabella had a valuable ally in

A) the Papacy.
B) the secular clergy.
C) converso members of the clergy.
D) a faction of the regular clergy called Observants.

Question 12

A major economic result of the Reconquest was the

A) creation of a large class of small landowners.
B) supremacy of sheep raising over agriculture in Castile.
C) rise of a large urban middle class.
D) rise of a large shipbuilding industry.

Question 13

Under the rule of Charles V,

A) foreign merchants and bankers took over important segments of the Castilian economy.
B) royal revenues considerably exceeded royal expenditures.
C) England was added to the Spanish empire through a dynastic alliance.
D) his objective of crushing the Protestant heresy in the Netherlands was achieved.

Question 14

The event that contributed most to Spain's seventeenth-century crisis was

A) the expulsion of Spain's converted Moors.
B) the decline of Spanish industry.
C) population decline as a result of epidemics.
D) the decline in the inflow of American treasure after 1650.

Question 15

A major Muslim contribution to Iberian economic life was the introduction of

A) the plow in agriculture.
B) commercial banking.
C) new crops and irrigation methods.
D) an excellent system of roads.

Question 16

The Mesta was a

A) military association formed by the towns for defense against the nobles.
B) royal council with administrative and judicial functions.
C) powerful guild of sheep raisers.
D) charter of liberties granted by the king to the towns.

Question 17

The first Spanish novel, La Celestina, was written by

A) Peter Martyr.
B) Antonio de Nebrija.
C) Fernando de Rojas.
D) Gonzalo de Córdoba.

Question 18

Which one of the following was not an accomplishment of the Catholic Sovereigns?

A) Protectionist measures for the promotion of Castilian industry.
B) Royal assumption of control over the military.
C) A major land reform in Castile.
D) The ending of serfdom in Catalonia.

Question 19

In its first phase, the Reconquest had the dominant character of a

A) crusade to drive out the infidels and restore Christianity to Iberia.
B) struggle of Christian nobles to regain their lost lands and serfs.
C) nationalist movement to unify Spain under a single ruler.
D) movement to restore the Visigothic empire.

Question 20

The first of the picaresque novels was

A) Don Quijote.
B) La Celestina.
C) Lazarillo de Tormes.
D) Guzmán de Alfarache.

Question 21

IDENTIFICATION
fueros

Question 22

IDENTIFICATION
the revolt of the Comuneros

Question 23

IDENTIFICATION
Mesta

Question 24

The paintings of El Greco are characterized by

A) a mysticism reflecting the religious passion of the age of Philip II.
B) a total absence of naturalism in the depiction of the subjects.
C) extensive use of subjects drawn from Greek and Roman mythology.
D) a completely objective and secular spirit.

Question 25

IDENTIFICATION
Córdoba

Question 26

IDENTIFICATION
conversos

Question 27

IDENTIFICATION
El Cid

Question 28

IDENTIFICATION
Francisco de Quevedo

Question 29

The patronato was the right of

A) the father to exercise complete legal authority over his wife and children.
B) appointment to all the major ecclesiastical offices in the Spanish realms.
C) towns to be governed by ecclesiastical authority.
D) landlords to govern their estates without royal intervention.

Question 30

IDENTIFICATION
El Greco

Question 31

IDENTIFICATION
Roderic

Question 32

IDENTIFICATION
Visigoths

Question 33

IDENTIFICATION
decadencia

Question 34

IDENTIFICATION
alcaldes

Question 35

IDENTIFICATION
letrados

Question 36

Hermandades were

A) social organizations that provided sisterly solidarity to Castilian women.
B) military associations created by Castilian towns to defend their municipal autonomy.
C) religious brotherhoods created to unite Christians against Muslims.
D) charters that endowed Castilian towns with administrative autonomy over municipal lands.

Question 37

In the 15^th century, the power of the Castilian Cortés or Parliament declined because

A) it became increasingly less democratic and more prone to oligarchical control.
B) increased revenues from royal taxes reduced the Crown's dependence on it.
C) declining revenues made it largely irrelevant.
D) growing disorders within the towns provided an opportunity to the Crown to intervene.

Question 38

IDENTIFICATION
Cortés

Question 39

Conversos were

A) Christians, Jews, and Muslims who were close and neighborly.
B) Christians who converted to Islam to avoid persecution.
C) Muslims who converted to Judaism to avoid persecution.
D) Jews who converted to Christianity to avoid persecution.

Question 40

IDENTIFICATION
Diego Velázquez

Question 41

IDENTIFICATION
Spanish Inquisition

Question 42

IDENTIFICATION
Calderón de la Barca

Question 43

IDENTIFICATION
Lope de Vega

Question 44

How did the Reconquest influence the character of Castilian social and economic structures?

Question 45

IDENTIFICATION
Patronato

Question 46

IDENTIFICATION
hermandades

Question 47

Philip II has been called "a glorious failure." Explain.

Question 48

How did the Reconquest influence Spanish values?

Question 49

Evaluate the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, noting both their positive and negative accomplishments.

Question 50

How did Spanish literature reflect the seventeenth-century decadencia?

Question 51

IDENTIFICATION
Observants

Question 52

IDENTIFICATION
Santiago de Compostela

Question 53

IDENTIFICATION
Reconquest

Question 54

IDENTIFICATION
Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra