Deck 20: Atmospheric Effects

Question 1

Lightning that illuminates clouds with flickering flashes is called

A) heat lightning.
B) flash lightning.
C) ball lightning.
D) bolt lightning.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Hurricanes gain strength when over

A) warm water.
B) hot air.
C) cold water.
D) wind.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Rain drops that freeze prior to striking the warm ground is a(n) ______________ storm.

A) hail
B) rain
C) ice
D) snow

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The dome of water associated with a hurricane making landfall is called a

A) storm surge.
B) tide.
C) tidal wave.
D) flood.

Question 5

Rain that freezes on striking a cold surface gives rise to a(n) ______________ storm.

A) hail
B) rain
C) ice
D) snow

Question 6

When at home during a tornado warning, you should seek shelter in ______________ of the building.

A) the basement or lowest central level
B) the attic
C) a doorway
D) the garage

Question 7

When air is cooled below its dew point without condensation, it is said to be

A) wet.
B) dry.
C) supersaturated.
D) unsaturated.

Question 8

Snowstorms accompanied by high winds and low temperatures are called

A) blizzards.
B) ice storms.
C) hail storms.
D) tornados.

Question 9

In the Bergeron process, condensation occurs on

A) ice crystals.
B) dust.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) oxygen.

Question 10

An air mass forming over the Gulf of Mexico would be classified as

A) mE.
B) mT.
C) aP.
D) cE.

Question 11

Hurricanes derive their energy from

A) latent heat.
B) hot air.
C) cold water.
D) wind.

Question 12

The process by which raindrops are formed by the collision of droplets is called

A) the Bergeron process.
B) fusion.
C) fission.
D) coalescence.

Question 13

An usually results in

A) more rainfall for South America.
B) warmer water in the western Pacific.
C) less rainfall for Australia.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 14

A tornado ______________ is issued when a tornado has been sighted or indicated on radar.

A) warning
B) notice
C) advisory
D) ticket

Question 15

A hurricane, in other parts of the world, is also known as

A) a cyclone.
B) a willy-willy.
C) a typhoon.
D) all of the above.

Question 16

An air mass derives its characteristics from its

A) temperature.
B) surroundings.
C) location.
D) source region.

Question 17

Lightning between a cloud and the surrounding air is called

A) air discharges.
B) cloud discharges.
C) ground discharges.
D) intracloud discharges.

Question 18

The boundary between two air masses is called a

A) division.
B) border.
C) front.
D) storm.

Question 19

The low-pressure center of a hurricane is called the

A) eye.
B) vortex.
C) lid.
D) cap.

Question 20

Conditions opposite to those of El Niño conditions are called

A) La Niña.
B) La Niño.
C) El Niña.
D) Anti-Niño.

Question 21

When the dew point is below 0°C, which of the following is likely to form?

A) Sleet
B) Snow
C) Hail
D) Dew

Question 22

A high-pressure air mass that moves over a region and becomes stationary may give rise to

A) a pressure inversion only.
B) a radiation inversion only.
C) a subsidence inversion only
D) all of the above

Question 23

Which of the following is formed by direct freezing of water droplets?

A) Dew
B) Snow
C) Sleet
D) Frost

Question 24

Which of the following is an essential agent of the Bergeron process?

A) Wind
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Mixing
D) Rain

Question 25

In the amended Montreal Protocol, many nations agreed to phase out, by the year 2000,

A) trash burning.
B) hydrocarbons.
C) gasoline automobiles.
D) CFCs.

Question 26

Air pollution results from ______________ combustion of impure fuels.

A) incomplete
B) complete
C) overheated
D) none of the above

Question 27

Smog is a mixture of smoke and

A) fog.
B) CO_2.
C) O_2.
D) CO.

Question 28

A class of pollutants formed at high temperatures (nearly complete combustion) in the presence of air is

A) sulfur oxides.
B) carbon oxides.
C) iron oxides.
D) nitrogen oxides.

Question 29

A common fuel impurity in fossil fuels is

A) sulfur.
B) radon.
C) carbon.
D) hydrogen.

Question 30

A natural agent of chemical weathering that is enhanced by CO₂ pollution is

A) sulfur dioxide, SO₂.
B) carbon monoxide, CO.
C) ozone, O₃.
D) carbonic acid, H₂CO₃.

Question 31

For water droplets to form, what must be present?

A) Smog
B) Hygroscopic nuclei
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Ozone

Question 32

During the approach of a severe thunderstorm, workers on a project see lightning and then hear the resulting thunder 55 s later. Approximately how far away, in miles, is the storm?

A) 11 mi
B) 22 mi
C) 12 mi
D) 13 mi

Question 33

Coal, gas, and oil are ______________ fuels.

A) fossil
B) renewable
C) human-made
D) infinite

Question 34

A form of precipitation that results from convection cycles in clouds is

A) sleet.
B) rain.
C) hail.
D) fog.

Question 35

Albedo changes may result from ______________ pollution.

A) smog
B) particulate
C) gas
D) noise

Question 36

The Pacific Ocean southwest of the United States is the source region for the ______________ type of air mass.

A) cP
B) mA
C) mT
D) mP

Question 37

Hawaii's weather is chiefly affected by what type of air mass?

A) mA
B) mP
C) cP
D) mT

Question 38

The type of smog that forms in Los Angeles is called ______________ smog.

A) photochemical
B) exhaust
C) biochemical
D) exhaugenic

Question 39

The component in CFCs that is responsible for destroying ozone is

A) chlorine.
B) oxygen.
C) carbon.
D) none of the above.

Question 40

How good or bad (in terms of pollution) the air is, is rated by a color-coded ________ Index.

A) Irritant
B) Pollution
C) Air Quality
D) Pollen

Question 41

During a severe thunderstorm, it is advisable to

A) seek shelter under a tree.
B) do laundry or watch TV.
C) call someone on the phone.
D) do none of these things.

Question 42

A product of incomplete combustion that is a major air pollutant is

A) H₂O.
B) O₂.
C) NOx.
D) CO.

Question 43

Storms

A) develop as a consequence of frontal activity.
B) are atmospheric disturbances.
C) develop within a single air mass.
D) all of the above

Question 44

The greatest cause of hurricane deaths is

A) the storm surge.
B) panic.
C) the eye.
D) high winds.

Question 45

One of the best indicators of photochemical smog is

A) CO₂.
B) HC.
C) O₃.
D) NOx.

Question 46

The major source of NOx pollution is

A) combustion for electrical generation.
B) industry.
C) transportation.
D) domestic heating.

Question 47

The major source of CO pollution is

A) combustion for electrical generation.
B) industry.
C) domestic heating.
D) transportation.

Question 48

The northern Atlantic Ocean is the source region for the ______________ type of air mass.

A) cA
B) cP
C) mP
D) mT

Question 49

A tornado warning is issued

A) when weather conditions suggest that a tornado might form.
B) only when a tornado has been sighted.
C) only when a tornado has been indicated on radar.
D) when a tornado has been either sighted or indicated on radar.

Question 50

El Niño

A) increases the rainfall for the South American coastal countries.
B) means "little girl" in Spanish.
C) gives rise to colder ocean water in the eastern Pacific.
D) occurs when trade winds blow from east to west.

Question 51

Lightning damage comes chiefly from ______________ discharge.

A) intracloud
B) air
C) cloud-to-cloud
D) cloud-to-ground

Question 52

A hurricane watch is issued when

A) a tropical storm begins to form.
B) a hurricane has been sighted.
C) a storm surge has hit the coast.
D) there is a threat of hurricane conditions within 24 to 36 h.

Question 53

The safest place in the home to seek shelter from a tornado is the

A) basement.
B) kitchen.
C) bedroom.
D) attic.

Question 54

The boundary between two air masses is called a

A) squall line.
B) blizzard.
C) tornado.
D) front.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?

A) Uranium
B) Oil
C) Coal
D) Gas

Question 56

A tropical storm becomes a hurricane when its wind speed reaches

A) 50 mi/h.
B) 120 mi/h.
C) 74 mi/h.
D) 100 mi/h.

Question 57

When a cold front advances under a warm front, this results in a(n)

A) stationary front.
B) anticyclone.
C) cold front occlusion.
D) warm front occlusion.

Question 58

A compound resulting from a major fuel impurity is

A) CO₂.
B) CO.
C) SO₂.
D) HC.

Question 59

Hurricanes derive their energy from

A) gravity.
B) specific heat.
C) the Coriolis force.
D) latent heat.

Question 60

When two advancing fronts meet, a typical result is

A) a stationary front.
B) a warm front.
C) a cold front.
D) none of these.

Question 61

Conditions opposite to those of El Niño conditions are called ______________.

Question 62

It is believed that excessive CO₂ emissions will cause

A) a decrease in Earth's average temperature.
B) a decrease in Earth's average rainfall.
C) an increase in Earth's average rainfall.
D) an increase in Earth's average temperature.

Question 63

When at home during a tornado warning, you should seek shelter in the ______________ of the building.

Question 64

The process by which raindrops are formed by the collision of droplets is called ______________.

Question 65

An air mass forming over the Gulf of Mexico would be classified as ______________.

Question 66

A tornado ______________ is issued when a tornado has been sighted or indicated on radar.

Question 67

Rain that freezes upon striking a cold surface gives rise to a(n) ______________ storm.

Question 68

Atmospheric sulfur pollution gives rise to

A) acid snow only.
B) acid fog only.
C) acid rain only.
D) all of these.

Question 69

An air mass derives its characteristics from its ______________.

Question 70

When air is cooled below its dew point without condensation, it is said to be ______________.

Question 71

The dome of water associated with a hurricane making landfall is called a(n) ______________.

Question 72

Flashes from unseen lightning are called ______________.

Question 73

In the Bergeron process, condensation occurs on ______________.

Question 74

The pollutant that affects the oxygen-carrying capability of the blood is

A) CO.
B) SOx.
C) CO₂.
D) NOx

Question 75

Hurricanes derive their energy from ______________.

Question 76

The low-pressure center of a hurricane is called the ______________.

Question 77

The pollutant primarily responsible for acid rain is

A) NO₂.
B) CO₂.
C) O₃.
D) SO₂.

Question 78

Snowstorms accompanied by high winds and low temperatures are called ______________.

Question 79

Lightning between a cloud and the surrounding air is called ______________.

Question 80

The boundary between two air masses is called a(n) ______________.