Deck 11: The Chemical Elements

Question 1

A cola drink is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the five major divisions of chemistry is generally considered the most fundamental?

A) Organic chemistry
B) Inorganic chemistry
C) Analytical chemistry
D) Physical chemistry
E) Biochemistry

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a definite, fixed proportion by mass is

A) a molecule.
B) a compound.
C) an ion.
D) a mixture.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The identity of an atom is determined by its number of

A) valence bonds.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons.

Question 5

Which of the following is not matter?

A) Air
B) Heat
C) Charcoal
D) Electrons

Question 6

Aluminum is an example of

A) a compound.
B) a solution.
C) an element.
D) an alloy.

Question 7

A chocolate chip cookie is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 8

A sample of matter that contains atoms that all have the same number of protons is

A) an element.
B) a substance.
C) a compound.
D) a homogeneous mixture.

Question 9

If all samples of a material have identical properties and composition, it is

A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element or compound.

Question 10

A chemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called

A) a mixture.
B) a compound.
C) an ion.
D) a molecule.

Question 11

Mouthwash is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 12

Neptunium is an example of

A) A compound
B) A solution
C) An alloy
D) An element

Question 13

Chloroform can be broken down by chemical means but not by physical methods. Thus chloroform is

A) a homogeneous mixture.
B) an element.
C) a compound.
D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 14

The most modern definition of element is

A) a substance that cannot be further separated by chemical methods.
B) the simplest form of matter.
C) a substance in which all the atoms have the same number of protons.
D) a substance that contains no neutrons.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the five major divisions of chemistry?

A) Nuclear chemistry
B) Physical chemistry
C) Biochemistry
D) Inorganic chemistry

Question 16

A nonchemical combination of two or more substances in variable proportions is called

A) a mixture.
B) a compound.
C) an ion.
D) a molecule.

Question 17

The smaller portion of a solution is generally called the

A) salt.
B) solute.
C) molar concentrate.
D) solvent.

Question 18

Which science deals with the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter?

A) Thermodynamics
B) Geology
C) Physics
D) Chemistry

Question 19

The greater amount of substance in a solution is generally called the

A) salt.
B) solute.
C) molar concentrate.
D) solvent.

Question 20

A watermelon is a good example of

A) a compound.
B) an element.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) a heterogeneous mixture.

Question 21

The symbol for potassium is

A) Pm.
B) Po.
C) P.
D) K.

Question 22

The symbol for tin is

A) Sn.
B) Ti.
C) Sb.
D) In.

Question 23

The symbol for copper is

A) C.
B) Co.
C) Cr.
D) Cu.

Question 24

Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. Continue adding sugar and stirring until the sugar crystals no longer dissolve. Then apply heat to dissolve the remaining crystals. If the resulting solution is allowed to slowly cool, the solution is said to be

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a supersaturated solution.
D) none of these.

Question 25

The symbol for tungsten is

A) W.
B) Ti.
C) Ag.
D) Tb.

Question 26

Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution contains sugar crystals that do not dissolve, the solution is said to be

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a homogeneous solution.
D) none of these.

Question 27

Take a cup of water, add sugar, and stir. If the resulting solution no longer contains sugar crystals, the solution is said to be

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a heterogeneous solution.
D) none of these.

Question 28

How many elements occur naturally on Earth?

A) 102
B) 88
C) 112
D) 82

Question 29

The symbol for carbon is

A) Ca.
B) Cr.
C) Co.
D) C.

Question 30

What scientist discovered more elements than any other person?

A) Lavoisier
B) Boyle
C) Berzelius
D) Davy

Question 31

A gold-plated (gold-covered) piece of jewelery, such as a bracelet, is

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 32

The symbol for lead is

A) Pb.
B) La.
C) Li.
D) Xe.

Question 33

Solutions are

A) homogeneous mixtures.
B) heterogeneous mixtures.
C) nonuniform mixtures.
D) none of these.

Question 34

The symbol for Erbium is

A) Er.
B) Yb.
C) Ho.
D) Dy.
E) Tm.

Question 35

In 1661, who developed a definition of element that made the concept subject to laboratory investigation?

A) Berzelius
B) Boyle
C) Lavoisier
D) Davy

Question 36

Living next to a lake near volcanic activity can be deadly. There can be large amounts of CO₂ dissolved in the water. An earthquake, landslide, or even rapid cooling can trigger the release of the CO₂, causing death nearby. The water of the lake in these cases is

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a supersaturated solution.
D) a completely unsaturated solution.

Question 37

What was the nationality of the first persons who we know speculated about "elements"?

A) Chinese
B) Egyptian
C) Greek
D) Roman

Question 38

A metal alloy, such as steel, is

A) a compound.
B) a heterogeneous mixture.
C) a homogeneous mixture.
D) an element.

Question 39

The symbol for oxygen is

A) Ox.
B) On.
C) O.
D) Xy.

Question 40

A bubble-producing soda is an example of

A) an unsaturated solution.
B) a saturated solution.
C) a supersaturated solution.
D) a completely unsaturated solution.

Question 41

Diamond, graphite, and buckyballs are

A) isotopes.
B) allotropes.
C) isomeres.
D) diatomic.

Question 42

About 75% of the mass of the visible universe is composed of which element?

A) Helium
B) Iron
C) Hydrogen
D) Silicon

Question 43

The second most abundant element in the Earth's atmosphere is

A) oxygen.
B) argon.
C) nitrogen.
D) carbon dioxide.

Question 44

The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called

A) periods.
B) groups.
C) families.
D) series.

Question 45

An example of a diatomic molecule of a compound is

A) P₄.
B) NO₂.
C) N₂.
D) CO.

Question 46

Which of the following, along with O₂, is an allotrope of oxygen?

A) O₃
B) O^2-
C) O
D) O₄

Question 47

About 85% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s)

A) iron
B) nickel
C) oxygen.
D) silicon.
E) iron and nickel.

Question 48

The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called

A) periods.
B) groups.
C) families.
D) series.

Question 49

The most abundant element in the universe is

A) hydrogen.
B) iron.
C) oxygen.
D) carbon.

Question 50

The periodic table is most easily understood in terms of the ______________ configurations of the elements.

A) periodic
B) proton
C) neutron
D) electron

Question 51

Diamond and graphite are

A) similar in physical properties.
B) composed of the same element.
C) of the same crystalline structure.
D) bonded in the same manner.

Question 52

Pencil "lead" (graphite) is made primarily of

A) oil.
B) PbO₂.
C) carbon.
D) Pb.

Question 53

When the atoms of two or more elements react chemically, they usually join together to form

A) isotopes.
B) new elements.
C) molecules.
D) isomers.

Question 54

Two or more forms of the same element that have different bonding structures in the same physical phase are called

A) isobars.
B) allotropes.
C) isotopes.
D) isomers.

Question 55

About 99% by mass of Earth's atmosphere is composed of the two elements

A) nitrogen and oxygen.
B) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen and silicon.
D) hydrogen and helium.

Question 56

About 74% by mass of Earth's crust is composed of the two elements

A) oxygen and iron.
B) aluminum and iron.
C) oxygen and silicon.
D) silicon and aluminum.

Question 57

Nearly 100% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the two elements

A) iron and nickel
B) aluminum and silicon
C) oxygen and aluminum
D) silicon and oxygen.

Question 58

About 15% by mass of Earth's core is composed of the element(s)

A) iron
B) nickel
C) oxygen.
D) silicon.
E) iron and nickel.

Question 59

"Buckyball" is an allotrope of the element

A) carbon.
B) oxygen.
C) phosphorus.
D) none of these.

Question 60

Only two elements, mercury and ______________, are liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

A) sodium
B) bromine
C) phosphorus
D) iodine

Question 61

The major credit for the development of the periodic table goes to

A) Berzelius.
B) Lavoisier.
C) Boyle.
D) Mendeleev.

Question 62

In general, elements that have four to eight electrons in their valence shell are

A) semimetals.
B) metalloids.
C) nonmetals.
D) metals.

Question 63

Which of the following Group 1A elements has the smallest atom?

A) Rb
B) Na
C) K
D) Li

Question 64

In a given period, the element of which group has the highest ionization energy?

A) 2A
B) 8A
C) 7A
D) 1A

Question 65

Electrons in the outermost shell are referred to as ______________ electrons.

A) valence
B) orbital
C) f shell
D) s shell

Question 66

In addition to those of Groups 1A and 2A, three common elements that form only one ion each are

A) Sc, Ti, and Hg.
B) Pb, Sn, and Cu.
C) Al, Zn, and Ag.
D) Ga, Ni, and Fe.

Question 67

The chemical properties of calcium and strontium are similar because both

A) are located on the left side the periodic table.
B) are in the same group.
C) have four electrons in the first shell.
D) are in the same period.

Question 68

Which of the following Period 4 elements has the largest atom?

A) Kr
B) Ga
C) Ca
D) Br

Question 69

Elements in Period 2 of the periodic table have electrons in how many shells?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 2

Question 70

Which of the following Period 3 atoms has the smallest radius?

A) Ar
B) Al
C) S
D) Na

Question 71

The periodic law states that the properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic

A) radii.
B) shells.
C) numbers.
D) masses.

Question 72

An element that is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity would be classified as a

A) metalloid.
B) semimetal.
C) metal.
D) nonmetal.

Question 73

Which of the following Period 4 elements has the smallest atom?

A) Kr
B) Ga
C) Ca
D) Br

Question 74

The chemical properties of chlorine and bromine are similar because both

A) are nonmetals and they are close together in the periodic table.
B) have seven valence electrons.
C) have two electrons in the first shell.
D) are in the same period.

Question 75

Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy?

A) Ar
B) Na
C) Ne
D) Li

Question 76

How many shells in an atom of silicon contain electrons?

A) 3
B) 2
C) 5
D) 4

Question 77

In 1869, a major event in the history of chemistry occurred; it was the

A) discovery of the law of definite proportions.
B) discovery of the octet rule.
C) discovery of the law of conservation of mass.
D) development of the periodic table.

Question 78

How many valence electrons does an atom of phosphorus have?

A) 15
B) 5
C) zero
D) 3

Question 79

How many valence electrons do the Group 6A elements have?

A) 7
B) zero
C) 6
D) 1

Question 80

Which of the following Group 1A elements has the largest atom?

A) Rb
B) Na
C) K
D) Li