Deck 9: Atomic Physics

Question 1

The ancient Greek who is known for championing the concept of atom was named ______________.

A) Democritus
B) Socrates
C) Plato
D) Zeus

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy?

A) Blue
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Violet

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The ""billiard ball model" of the atom is associated with

A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Rutherford.
D) Dalton.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

According to Planck's hypothesis, the energy of an oscillator is directly proportional to its

A) amplitude.
B) wavelength.
C) momentum.
D) frequency.

Question 5

Removal of an electron from an atom leaves a

A) neutron.
B) positive ion.
C) free quark.
D) negative ion.

Question 6

What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 5.2 × 10¹⁴ Hz?

A) 3.4 × 10^-19 J
B) 1.3 × 10^-20 J
C) 0.8 × 10^-20 J
D) 0.3 × 10^-21 J

Question 7

Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?

A) Red
B) Orange
C) Green
D) Yellow

Question 8

Atomic physics deals mainly with phenomena involving which particles in atoms?

A) Quarks
B) Protons
C) Electrons
D) Neutrons

Question 9

Aristotle's "continuous" model of matter was proved wrong about 1807 by

A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Dalton.
D) Rutherford.

Question 10

The number of electrons in an atom of an element is the same as the element's

A) atomic number.
B) period number.
C) mass number.
D) group number.

Question 11

Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy?

A) Blue
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Red

Question 12

Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?

A) Green
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow

Question 13

The development of physics since about 1900 is called

A) neoclassical physics.
B) Newtonian physics.
C) classical physics.
D) modern physics.

Question 14

Who discovered the nucleus of the atom in 1911?

A) Thomson
B) Rutherford
C) Dalton
D) Bohr

Question 15

Who discovered the electron in 1897?

A) Dalton
B) Bohr
C) Rutherford
D) Thomson

Question 16

The greater the frequency of light, the greater the ______________ of its photons.

A) velocity
B) speed
C) wavelength
D) energy

Question 17

Calculate the frequency in hertz of photons of light with energy of 8.10 × 10^-19 J.

A) 0.82 × 10¹⁴ Hz
B) 0.82 × 10¹⁵ Hz
C) 1.22 × 10¹⁵ Hz
D) 1.22 × 10¹⁴ Hz

Question 18

The "plum pudding model" of the atom is associated with

A) Bohr.
B) Rutherford.
C) Dalton.
D) Thomson.

Question 19

Which of these colors of light has photons of greatest energy?

A) Violet
B) Red
C) Blue
D) Yellow

Question 20

Addition of an electron to an atom leaves a

A) neutron.
B) positive ion.
C) free quark.
D) negative ion.

Question 21

Discrete wavelengths of light are emitted by an excited gas because

A) the speed of light is constant in a given medium.
B) light can behave either as a wave or as a particle.
C) electron energy levels are quantized.
D) the intensity of radiation is proportional to the second power of the frequency.

Question 22

Calculate the energy E_n (in eV) of a hydrogen atom's electron with n = 4.

A) -54 eV
B) -3.4 eV
C) -0.85 eV
D) -1.7 eV

Question 23

If the energy of n = 6 is -0.378 eV and that of n = 5 is -0.544 eV in a hydrogen atom, a transition from n = 6 to n = 5 will _______________ a photon with an energy of approximately ______________.

A) absorb; 0.922 eV
B) emit; 0.166 eV
C) absorb; 0.166 eV
D) emit; 0.922 eV

Question 24

Dispersing light that has traveled from a hot wire through a cool gas gives what type of spectrum?

A) Line absorption
B) Continuous
C) Line emission
D) Ultraviolet

Question 25

For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 3 level as they return to the n = 1 level?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 2
D) 3

Question 26

Who developed the quantum theory in 1900 and has a constant named for him?

A) de Broglie
B) Bohr
C) Planck
D) Einstein

Question 27

The transitions of an electron in the hydrogen atom to the n = 3 level result in the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 28

A quantum is a

A) discrete amount.
B) fundamental property.
C) unit of momentum.
D) proton.

Question 29

Who won the Nobel Prize for explaining the photoelectric effect?

A) Bohr
B) Planck
C) de Broglie
D) Einstein

Question 30

The transitions of an electron in the hydrogen atom to the n = 1 level result in the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 31

The transitions of an electron in the hydrogen atom to the n = 2 level result in the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 32

The calculation of electron energy levels in the hydrogen atom was done first by

A) Schrödinger.
B) de Broglie.
C) Bohr.
D) Heisenberg.

Question 33

For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 2 level as they return to the n = 1 level?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 2
D) 1

Question 34

For a specific element, photons of how many different energies could be emitted by electrons in the n = 6 level as they return to the n = 1 level?

A) 15
B) 21
C) 6
D) 1

Question 35

Which of these colors of light has photons of lowest energy?

A) Yellow
B) Green
C) Blue
D) Violet

Question 36

The lines in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum are known as the

A) Lyman series.
B) Balmer series.
C) Paschen series.
D) Bohr series.

Question 37

Dispersing light from a hot wire gives what type of spectrum?

A) Line absorption
B) Continuous
C) Line emission
D) Ultraviolet

Question 38

Niels Bohr focused his attention on the element hydrogen because it

A) could be obtained in extremely high purity.
B) was so abundant.
C) had the simplest atom.
D) was inexpensive.

Question 39

The lines in the visible region of the hydrogen spectrum arise from transitions from higher levels back to the level where n equals

A) 3.
B) 1.
C) 2.
D) 4.

Question 40

Einstein won the Nobel Prize for explaining

A) general relativity.
B) special relativity.
C) the photoelectric effect.
D) quantum mechanics.

Question 41

How much energy must be absorbed to ionize a hydrogen atom whose electron is in the ground state (n = 1)?

A) Zero
B) 1 eV
C) 0.053 eV
D) 13.6 eV

Question 42

Which of the following principal quantum number values is impossible?

A) 2.5
B) 16
C) 3
D) 1

Question 43

Wilhelm Roentgen discovered

A) X-rays.
B) gamma rays.
C) radio waves.
D) microwaves.

Question 44

When an electron goes from the ground state to an excited state,

A) energy is emitted.
B) a photon is absorbed.
C) a photon is emitted.
D) none of these occur.

Question 45

Which is not a possible value for the principal quantum number n?

A) 3
B) 7
C) 3/2
D) None of these

Question 46

When an electron in an atom is excited from a lower energy level to a higher one, a ______________ is ______________.

A) proton; absorbed
B) proton; emitted
C) photon; absorbed
D) photon; emitted

Question 47

The energy differences in some of the rotational energy levels of the water molecule allow

A) X-rays to be produced.
B) cooking with microwaves.
C) visible spectral lines to be formed.
D) lasers to operate.

Question 48

When a hydrogen electron is in its ground state, its principal quantum number is

A) zero.
B) -13.6 eV.
C) 1.
D) +13.6 eV.
E) none of these.

Question 49

Which is a possible value for the principal quantum number n?

A) 3.14
B) 7
C) 2.5
D) None of these

Question 50

When fast electrons strike a metal target, what are produced?

A) Radio waves
B) Gamma rays
C) X-rays
D) Microwaves

Question 51

When many of the atoms or molecules in a sample have been excited into a metastable state, a(n) ______________ has occurred.

A) ultraviolet catastrophe
B) population inversion
C) coherent emission
D) incoherent absorption

Question 52

An electron is in its lowest energy level when

A) it is free of nuclear forces.
B) its momentum is zero.
C) it is in its ground state.
D) none of these.

Question 53

The most important force in the hydrogen atom is

A) the nuclear force.
B) the gravitational force.
C) the electromagnetic force.
D) none of these.

Question 54

Fluorescence occurs when samples of some materials are exposed to rays of which EMR region?

A) Ultraviolet
B) Infrared
C) Visible
D) Microwave

Question 55

The lowest energy level of a hydrogen atom (n = 1) is called

A) the ground state.
B) the potential state.
C) the ionization state.
D) none of these.

Question 56

The interior of a large mass of food in a microwave oven must be heated mainly by

A) radiation.
B) conduction.
C) convection.
D) radioactivity.

Question 57

The removal of an electron from an atom is called

A) binding affinity.
B) atomizing.
C) electron affinity.
D) ionization.

Question 58

When an electron in an atom falls from a higher energy level to a lower one, a ______________ is ______________.

A) proton; absorbed
B) proton; emitted
C) photon; absorbed
D) photon; emitted

Question 59

When an electron goes from an excited state to the ground state,

A) energy is absorbed.
B) a photon is absorbed.
C) a photon is emitted.
D) none of these occur.

Question 60

In terms of energy levels of electrons, a potential well has

A) a negative value.
B) a positive or a negative value.
C) a positive value.
D) none of these.

Question 61

Which of these instruments is based on the theory of matter waves?

A) Microwave oven
B) X-ray tube
C) Electron microscope
D) Cathode ray tube

Question 62

The unit called the hertz (Hz) is equivalent to

A) 1/s only.
B) a reciprocal second only.
C) s^-1 only.
D) all of these.

Question 63

The key process of a laser is

A) stimulated emission.
B) Bremsstrahlung.
C) electron diffraction.
D) microwave absorption.

Question 64

As the speed of an object decreases, its wavelength

A) remains unchanged.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) is zero.

Question 65

According to the hypothesis of de Broglie, any moving particle has

A) energy.
B) a magnetic force field.
C) an electric force field.
D) a wavelength.

Question 66

Which phenomenon shows that quanta of light, or photons, exist?

A) Diffraction
B) Polarization
C) The photoelectric effect
D) Interference

Question 67

The planetary model of the atom is associated with

A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Dalton.
D) Rutherford.

Question 68

The smaller the frequency of light, the smaller the ______________ of its photons.

A) wavelength
B) speed
C) mass
D) energy

Question 69

The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to both its speed and its

A) spin.
B) electric charge.
C) volume.
D) mass.

Question 70

As the speed of an object increases, its wavelength

A) remains unchanged.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) is zero.

Question 71

Who, in 1925, postulated that matter, as well as light, has properties of both waves and particles?

A) Planck
B) Heisenberg
C) de Broglie
D) Einstein

Question 72

Doubling the wavelength of a photon would ______________ its energy.

A) halve
B) double
C) quadruple
D) not change

Question 73

Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for an electron (m = 1 × 10^-30 kg) moving at 3.1 × 10⁶ m/s.

A) 1.8 × 10^-10m
B) 2.4 × 10^-10m
C) 1.9 × 10^-10m
D) 2.1 × 10^-10m

Question 74

Matter waves were confirmed when it was found that electrons

A) diffract.
B) have a plus or minus spin quantum number.
C) possess a negative charge.
D) have mass.

Question 75

With which object would the wave nature of matter be significant?

A) A hard-thrown baseball
B) A speeding truck
C) A moving electron
D) An orbiting planet

Question 76

Doubling the wavelength of a photon would ______________.

A) reduce its energy to one-half
B) double its energy
C) triple its energy
D) not change

Question 77

Addition of an electron to an atom gives a

A) negative ion.
B) neutron.
C) new element.
D) positive ion.

Question 78

The dilemma known as the ultraviolet catastrophe was resolved in 1900 by

A) Bohr.
B) Rutherford.
C) Einstein.
D) Planck.

Question 79

The development of physics prior to 1900 is called

A) classical physics.
B) neoclassical physics.
C) Galilean physics.
D) ancient physics.

Question 80

Which is another name for quantum mechanics?

A) Classical mechanics
B) Wave mechanics
C) Optical mechanics
D) Spherical mechanics