Deck 5: Temperature and Heat

Question 1

A large calorie (Cal) is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one ______________ of water by one Celsius degree.

A) dekagram
B) centigram
C) gram
D) kilogram

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The heating of a room by a fire in a fireplace is chiefly due to

A) vaporization.
B) radiation.
C) convection.
D) conduction.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The amount of heat necessary to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1°C is

A) 1 cal.
B) the specific heat.
C) the heat difference.
D) 1 J.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The SI unit of heat is the

A) calorie.
B) joule.
C) kilocalorie.
D) Btu.

Question 5

A temperature of degrees 250 Celsius is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A) -9.4
B) 482.0
C) 121.1
D) -23.0

Question 6

Which of the following temperature scales has the smallest unit interval?

A) Celsius
B) Kelvin
C) Fahrenheit
D) None of these

Question 7

The Celsius degree is

A) the same size as the Fahrenheit degree.
B) larger than the kelvin.
C) the same size as the kelvin.
D) smaller than the Fahrenheit degree.

Question 8

In measuring any temperature less than 500 Fahrenheit, which of the following scales will have the highest numeric reading?

A) Fahrenheit
B) Celsius
C) Kelvin
D) None of these

Question 9

The Sun's rays are transmitted to Earth by means of

A) radiation.
B) convection.
C) temperature.
D) conduction.

Question 10

A temperature of degrees 290 Fahrenheit is equivalent to _____ degrees Celsius.

A) 62.6
B) 554.0
C) 143.3
D) 17.0

Question 11

Temperature is a relative measure of

A) latent heat.
B) hotness and coldness.
C) internal energy.
D) specific heat.

Question 12

The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a gas is a measure of

A) volume.
B) density.
C) temperature.
D) heat content.

Question 13

One kelvin unit is equivalent to

A) 9/5 Fahrenheit degrees.
B) 1 Fahrenheit degree.
C) 2 Celsius degrees.
D) 1.8 Celsius degrees.

Question 14

A temperature of degrees 5 Fahrenheit is equivalent to _____ Kelvin.

A) 258.2
B) 278.0
C) -15.0
D) -268.0

Question 15

A temperature of -65 Kelvin is equivalent to _____ degrees Fahrenheit.

A) -576.7
B) 208.0
C) -53.9
D) -338.0

Question 16

A digital thermometer can make readings to the tenth of a degree at either the Celsius setting or the Fahrenheit setting. Which reading would be more precise?

A) The Fahrenheit setting, since 1 degree Fahrenheit is smaller than 1 degree Celsius
B) The Fahrenheit setting, since 1 degree Celsius is smaller than 1 degree Fahrenheit
C) The Celsius setting, since 1 degree Fahrenheit is smaller than 1 degree Celsius
D) The Celsius setting, since 1 degree Celsius is smaller than 1 degree Fahrenheit

Question 17

The units of specific heat are

A) kcal-kg/°C.
B) J/kg-°C.
C) kcal-kg.
D) J/kg.

Question 18

A temperature of -65 Kelvin is equivalent to _____ degrees Celsius.

A) 219.1
B) 208.0
C) -53.9
D) -338.2

Question 19

A temperature of degrees 260 Celsius is equivalent to _____ Kelvin.

A) 8.6
B) 533.2
C) 126.7
D) -13.0

Question 20

Heat transfer that involves mass movement is

A) temperature.
B) conduction.
C) convection.
D) radiation.

Question 21

A circular hole is drilled into an aluminum sheet. When the sheet is heated, the diameter of the hole will

A) become smaller.
B) become larger.
C) depend on the thickness of the sheet.
D) not be affected.

Question 22

How much heat is required to melt 3.0 kg of ice at 0°C to water at 0°C?

A) 240 kcal
B) 0 kcal
C) 1620 kcal
D) 360 kcal

Question 23

Heat transfer from hot or cold liquids in a thermos bottle is prevented by ______________.

A) convection
B) conduction
C) radiation
D) all of these

Question 24

Which of the following has the highest thermal conductivity?

A) Air
B) A newspaper
C) A rug
D) An aluminum saucepan

Question 25

Which laboratory observation would most support the kinetic theory's assumption that gas molecules have little attraction for one another?

A) A gas expands when the pressure on it is released.
B) A gas with a lower formula mass diffuses more rapidly than one with a higher formula mass.
C) A gas exerts the same pressure on each part of a container's wall.
D) A gas has mass.

Question 26

How much heat is necessary to change 20 g of water at 100°C into steam at 100°C?

A) 0.16 kcal
B) 10800 kcal
C) 10.8 kcal
D) 1.6 kcal

Question 27

A change of phase takes place at a constant

A) temperature.
B) volume.
C) heat.
D) pressure.

Question 28

The insulation in walls uses which of the following methods to prevent heat transfer?

A) Conduction
B) Convection
C) Radiation
D) Conduction and convection
E) All of these

Question 29

How much heat is necessary to change 10 g of water at 30°C into steam at 100°C?

A) 0.07 kcal
B) 0.7 kcal
C) 6.1 kcal
D) 0.67 kcal

Question 30

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 kg of a liquid into a gas at the same temperature is called the

A) entropy.
B) boiling point.
C) latent heat of vaporization.
D) latent heat of fusion.

Question 31

The number of molecules in a container is quadrupled and the Kelvin temperature quadrupled. The volume remains unchanged. The new pressure will be how many times greater than the original pressure?

A) 16
B) 1
C) 20
D) 32

Question 32

Which of the following has the lowest thermal conductivity?

A) Glass
B) Iron
C) Wood
D) Styrofoam

Question 33

How much heat is necessary to change 10 g of ice at -20°C into water at 10°C?

A) 0.02 kcal
B) 0.2 kcal
C) 1 kcal
D) 0.08 kcal

Question 34

How much heat is necessary to change 30 g of water at 10°C into water at 80°C?

A) 0.21 kcal
B) 2.1 kcal
C) 4.5 kcal
D) 0.51 kcal

Question 35

On a winter day the temperature drops from -15°C to -25°C overnight. If a pan sitting outside contains 0.20 kg of ice, how much heat is removed from the ice for this temperature change?

A) 0.1 kcal
B) 1 kcal
C) 4 kcal
D) 0.4 kcal

Question 36

An ideal gas is confined to a container with an adjustable volume. If the number of molecules and the temperature are held constant, by what factor will the volume change when the pressure is quintupled?

A) 25
B) 0.2
C) 0.04
D) 5

Question 37

The energy involved in a phase change is called the

A) specific heat.
B) thermal energy.
C) internal energy.
D) latent heat.

Question 38

A home fireplace loses most of its heat by

A) radiation into the room.
B) convection up the chimney.
C) radiation up the chimney.
D) conduction to the sides of the fireplace.

Question 39

The amount of heat necessary to change 1 kg of a solid into a liquid at the same temperature is called the

A) entropy.
B) melting point.
C) latent heat of vaporization.
D) latent heat of fusion.

Question 40

A sample of gas has its number of molecules quadrupled, its Kelvin temperature doubled, and its volume tripled. By what factor has the new pressure changed relative to the original pressure?

A) 2.7
B) 1.7
C) 24.3
D) 24

Question 41

For every natural process, the entropy of the universe

A) is destroyed.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) remains constant.

Question 42

When a material is found to have a definite volume but no definite shape, and when it assumes the shape of the container in which it is placed, what is the phase of the material?

A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Plasma
D) Solid

Question 43

If 700 Joules of heat is added to a system, and the internal energy increases by 450 Joules, how much work is done by the system?

A) -1150 J
B) -250 J
C) 700 J
D) 250 J
E) 1150 J

Question 44

Which laboratory observation would most support the kinetic theory's assumption that molecules in a gas are widely separated?

A) A gas exerts the same pressure on each part of a container's wall.
B) A gas is highly compressible.
C) A gas with a lower formula mass diffuses more rapidly than one with a higher formula mass.
D) A gas expands when the pressure on it is released.

Question 45

What happens to a sample of water when it is heated between 0°C and 4°C?

A) Its volume increases.
B) Its volume is reduced.
C) It vaporizes.
D) Nothing changes except its temperature.

Question 46

When a material is found to have no definite volume and no definite shape, what is the phase of the material?

A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Plasma
D) Solid

Question 47

A ______________ is an ultra-hot collection of electrically charged particles.

A) gas
B) liquid
C) plasma
D) solid

Question 48

A heat engine

A) converts heat to work.
B) converts heat to internal energy.
C) transfers heat from a low-temperature reservoir.
D) converts work to heat.

Question 49

If 700 Joules of heat is added to a system, while the system does 550 Joules, by how much does the internal energy increase?

A) -1250 J
B) -150 J
C) 700 J
D) 150 J
E) 1250 J

Question 50

What happens to a sample of water when its temperature is reduced between 4°C and 100°C?

A) Its density increases.
B) It vaporizes.
C) Its density decreases.
D) Its density remains constant.

Question 51

If the temperature of a quantity of ideal gas increases, then

A) the number of molecules must increase.
B) the pressure must increase.
C) the volume must increase.
D) the product of the pressure and volume must increase.

Question 52

A quantity that gives the direction of a thermodynamic process is

A) entropy.
B) efficiency.
C) specific heat.
D) energy.

Question 53

A constant volume and mass of helium gas at 77°C is heated so that the pressure of the gas doubles. What is the new temperature of the gas in Celsius degrees?

A) 154°C
B) 273°C
C) 427°C
D) 700°C

Question 54

At approximately what temperature does water have its greatest density?

A) 4°C
B) 100°C
C) 0°C
D) None of these; the density of water is constant at all temperatures.

Question 55

What happens to a sample of water when its temperature is reduced between 0°C and 4°C?

A) Its density increases.
B) It vaporizes.
C) Its density decreases.
D) Its density remains constant.

Question 56

Which of the following is not directly involved in the second law of thermodynamics?

A) Spontaneous heat flow
B) Converting all heat input into work
C) Conservation of energy
D) Entropy

Question 57

The impossibility of reaching a temperature of absolute zero is incorporated in

A) the third law of thermodynamics.
B) the first law of thermodynamics.
C) the second law of thermodynamics.
D) an increase in entropy.

Question 58

What happens to a sample of water when it is heated between 4°C and 100°C?

A) Its volume increases.
B) Its volume is reduced.
C) It vaporizes.
D) Nothing changes except its temperature.

Question 59

When heat is added to a closed system, it goes into

A) work only.
B) entropy only.
C) internal energy only.
D) either (A) or (C) or both.

Question 60

When a material is found to have a definite volume and definite shape, and when it doesn't require a container to maintain its shape, what is the phase of the material?

A) Gas
B) Liquid
C) Plasma
D) Solid

Question 61

The energy needed to change the phase of a substance is called ______________.

Question 62

On bare feet, a tile floor feels colder than a rug because the tile has a greater ______________.

Question 63

Solids, liquids, and gases are called ______________ of matter.

Question 64

If the temperature and number of molecules remain constant for a gas, a pressure increase results in a volume ______________.

Question 65

The SI unit of heat is the ______________.

Question 66

Gas pressure is caused by molecular ______________ with the walls of the container.

Question 67

The ______________ temperature scale has no negative readings.

Question 68

In a heat pump,

A) heat is used to do work.
B) heat flows spontaneously.
C) the same process is used as in a heat engine.
D) work is used to transfer heat.

Question 69

In the gas laws, the ______________ temperature scale must be used.

Question 70

The Fahrenheit scale has a ______________ degree size than the Celsius scale.

Question 71

______________ is the process whereby energetic molecules escape from a liquid.

Question 72

A common property used to measure temperature is the ______________ of materials.

Question 73

If the volume and the number of molecules remain constant for a gas, a temperature increase causes the pressure to ______________.

Question 74

Water has a specific heat value of ______________.

Question 75

For an ideal gas with N and T held constant, an increase in volume will result in a(n) ______________ in pressure.

Question 76

A ______________ has a definite volume and assumes the shape of its container.

Question 77

Below 4°C, water ______________ with decreasing temperature.

Question 78

The ice point and the steam point of water are commonly called the ______________ point and the ______________ point, respectively.

Question 79

The first law of thermodynamics states that heat added to a closed system can change the internal energy of the system and/or do ______________.

Question 80

The amount of heat necessary to change a liquid to a solid at constant temperature is the ______________.