Deck 13: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Capillary walls are only one cell layer thick.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Arteries are strong, elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

When the blood pressure increases, veins function as blood reservoirs and respond by constricting their walls.

Question 5

Capillaries merge to form venules, which merge to form veins that carry blood back to the atria.

Question 6

Closure of the heart's four valves create the lubb-duppsounds of a heartbeat.

Question 7

Atrial repolarization produces the T waves seen in ECG tracings.

Question 8

The top of the heart is called the base, and the pointed bottom of the heart is called the apex.

Question 9

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart decreases the heart rate, and sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate.

Question 10

Blood from the coronary sinus empties into the right atrium.

Question 11

The cardiac conduction system is composed of a network of nerve fibers beginning with the sinoatrial (SA) node.

Question 12

The endocardial layer of the heart wall is the innermost layer and is in direct contact with the blood.

Question 13

The atrioventricular (AV) node is responsible for starting the rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Question 14

The heart is in the pericardial cavity.

Question 15

The oxygen-rich vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood are the cardiac veins.

Question 16

Due to the small diameter of the atrioventricular(AV) node conduction fibers, impulses are accelerated.

Question 17

Osmotic pressure forces molecules in the blood out through capillary walls.

Question 18

Blood that is pumped from the right ventricle passes through the aortic valve.

Question 19

The innermost layer of the pericardial sac that also covers the surface of the heart is the parietal pericardium.

Question 20

In humans, circulation of the blood is a closed system.

Question 21

In an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, the P-Q interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel between what two places?

A) Sinatrial (SA) node to the atrial muscle fibers
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node through the atrioventricular (AV) node
C) Atrioventricular (AV) node to the atrial muscle fibers
D) Atrioventricular (AV) node to the ventricular muscle fibers
E) Sinoatrial (SA) node to the ventricular muscle fibers

Question 22

If someone's cardiac output is 4.5 liters per minute, their heart rate may be 90 beats per minute with a stroke volume of 50 ml.

Question 23

What is the function of the pulmonary circuit?

A) Sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart
B) Brings oxygen-poor blood from the tissues
C) Sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
D) Brings oxygen-rich blood to the tissues

Question 24

Which of the following structures does not require stimulation from nerve fibers or other agents?

A) Papillary muscles
B) Sinoatrial node
C) Atrial syncytium
D) AV bundle
E) Ventricular cardiac cells

Question 25

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures through which blood moves from the venae cavae to the lungs?

A) Right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve
B) Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve
C) Tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle
D) Pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle
E) Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve

Question 26

Venous pathways commonly connect in irregular networks and may have many unnamed tributaries.

Question 27

Capillary exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste is accomplished by diffusion, osmosis, and filtration.

Question 28

When the ventricles relax, blood pressure drops to a minimum value known as the systolic pressure.

Question 29

Impulses carried to the heart by means of fibers that secrete acetylcholine are __________ impulses and cause the heart rate to __________.

A) parasympathetic; increase
B) parasympathetic; decrease
C) sympathetic; increase
D) sympathetic; decrease
E) somatic; decrease

Question 30

What is the correct sequence of structures of the cardiac conduction system?

A) AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle
B) AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, SA node
C) SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle
D) SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
E) Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, AV bundle

Question 31

What is the skeleton of the heart?

A) Bone within the myocardium
B) Cartilage within the interventricular septum
C) Fibrous connective tissue encircling the heart valves
D) Rib cage that surrounds the heart

Question 32

The outermost membrane that forms a loose-fitting sac around the heart is the __________.

A) fibrous pericardium
B) epicardium
C) endocardium
D) visceral pericardium
E) myocardium

Question 33

In an ECG pattern, what event is represented by the T wave?

A) Repolarization of atrial muscle fibers
B) Repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers
C) Depolarization of atrial muscle fibers
D) Depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers

Question 34

An increase in the time that the heart spends in diastole has the potential to increase stroke volume.

Question 35

All venous blood returns to the heart through the superior or inferior vena cava.

Question 36

Osmotic capillary pressure forces fluid out of the blood and into the tissues.

Question 37

What happens to the valves when the ventricular walls relax?

A) Bicuspid valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes.
B) Tricuspid valve opens and the bicuspid valve closes.
C) Bicuspid and tricuspid valves close.
D) Bicuspid and tricuspid valves open.
E) Aortic and pulmonic valves open.

Question 38

In an ECG pattern, what event is represented by the P wave?

A) Repolarization of the atrial muscle fibers
B) Repolarization of the ventricular muscle fibers
C) Depolarization of atrial muscle fibers
D) Depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers

Question 39

Sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system stimulate smooth muscle in artery and arteriole walls to __________.

A) expand
B) relax
C) contract
D) dilate
E) lengthen

Question 40

The painful condition known as angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies what region?

A) Left arm and shoulder
B) Neck and jaw
C) Heart
D) Sternum
E) Right hip and thigh

Question 41

The density of capillaries within a tissue is proportional to the tissue's __________.

A) thickness
B) fluid content
C) type of matrix
D) rate of metabolism
E) surface area

Question 42

Which type of blood vessel serves as a blood reservoir?

A) Arteries
B) Arterioles
C) Capillaries
D) Veins
E) Venules

Question 43

Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis?

A) Diet high in carbohydrates
B) High blood pressure
C) Lack of physical exercise
D) Obesity
E) Tobacco smoking

Question 44

Relaxation of the heart is called __________.

A) systole
B) diastole

Question 45

Blood that passes into the right ventricle has passed through the __________ valve.

A) mitral
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary
D) aortic

Question 46

What chamber of the heart pumps blood to the left lung?

A) Left ventricle
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium

Question 47

Blood flow that travels from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and then back to the heart describes the __________ circuit.

A) cardiovascular
B) parietal
C) pulmonary
D) systemic

Question 48

What does the Frank-Starling law of the heart state?

A) The greater the length of myocardial fibers, the greater the force with which they contract
B) The lesser the length of myocardial fibers, the greater the force with which they contract
C) The lesser the blood volume, the greater the force of ventricular contraction
D) The lesser the blood viscosity, the lesser the force of ventricular contraction
E) The greater the peripheral resistance, the lesser the ventricular contraction

Question 49

Contraction of the heart is called __________.

A) systole
B) diastole

Question 50

What vein drains blood from the face and scalp?

A) External jugular vein
B) Subclavian vein
C) Inferior vena cava
D) Cephalic vein
E) Superior vena cava

Question 51

What is the function of plasma proteins in capillary exchange?

A) To maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood
B) To decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood
C) To maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood
D) To decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood
E) To decrease the barometric pressure of the blood

Question 52

The outer layer of the heart wall is called the __________.

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) parietal pericardium
D) endocardium

Question 53

What layer of the heart wall is mostly cardiac muscle tissue?

A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium

Question 54

Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?

A) Increased thoracic pressure
B) Valves in the arteries
C) Contracting skeletal muscles
D) Capillary action
E) Ventricular contraction

Question 55

What is the result of the capillary blood pressure in the arteriolar ends of capillaries being higher than the osmotic pressure?

A) More fluid flows into the capillaries than moves out.
B) The lymphatic vessels push fluid into the capillaries.
C) The pressure in the venules increases.
D) More fluid leaves the capillaries than returns.
E) More fluid flows into the venules.

Question 56

During what phase of the cardiac cycle is blood pressure in the systemic arteries the greatest?

A) During atrial systole
B) During ventricular systole
C) During ventricular diastole
D) During arterial diastole
E) During atrial diastole

Question 57

Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta?

A) Right coronary artery
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Brachiocephalic artery
D) Left subclavian artery
E) Celiac artery

Question 58

What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

A) Mitral valve
B) Tricuspid valve
C) Pulmonary valve
D) Aortic valve

Question 59

The __________ circuit sends oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all cells of the body, removes carbon dioxide and other wastes, and returns blood to the heart.

A) cardiovascular
B) visceral
C) pulmonary
D) systemic

Question 60

In normal circulation, blood flow usually follows what pattern of vessels?

A) Artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
B) Artery, vein, capillary, venule, arteriole
C) Artery, capillary, vein, arteriole, venule
D) Vein, venule, capillary, arteriole, artery
E) Venule, vein, capillary, artery, arteriole

Question 61

An abnormally slow heart rate (fewer than 60 beats per minute) is called __________.

A) hypercardia
B) hypertension
C) tachycardia
D) bradycardia

Question 62

Which blood vessel type has the lowest blood pressure?

A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Venules
E) Arterioles

Question 63

The alternating systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be palpated and is known as __________.

A) pulse
B) hypertension
C) cardiac output
D) mean arterial pressure

Question 64

What effect does an excess of potassium have on the heart?

A) Decreases heart rate and increases force of contractions
B) Decreases heart rate and decreases force of contractions
C) Increases heart rate and decreases force of contractions
D) Increases heart rate and increases force of contractions

Question 65

What effect does an excess of calcium have on the heart?

A) No effect
B) Increases heart action
C) Decreases heart action
D) Decreases heart rate but prolongs contractions

Question 66

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle in a minute is called __________.

A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) cardiac cycle
D) minute cardiac volume

Question 67

Depolarization of the atria is an electrical event that produces what pattern in an ECG tracing?

A) P wave
B) PR interval
C) QRS complex
D) T wave
E) PQ interval

Question 68

Normal heart rate is closest to which range?

A) 50- 55 beats per minute
B) 70- 75 beats per minute
C) 85 - 90 beats per minute
D) 95 - 100 beats per minute

Question 69

What layer of a blood vessel wall is made of connective tissue and attaches the vessel to surrounding tissues?

A) Epithelium
B) Tunica interna
C) Tunica media
D) Tunica externa
E) Smooth muscle

Question 70

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A) Sinoatrial(SA) node
B) Autonomic nervous system
C) Atrioventricular(AV) node
D) Purkinje fibers

Question 71

What layer of a blood vessel wall is composed of simple squamous epithelium?

A) Epicardium
B) Tunica interna
C) Tunica media
D) Tunica externa
E) Myocardium

Question 72

In what type of blood vessel is the tunica media the thickest?

A) Arteries
B) Veins
C) Capillaries
D) Arterioles
E) Venules

Question 73

A resting heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute is called __________.

A) hypercardia
B) hypertension
C) tachycardia
D) bradycardia

Question 74

In what part of the brain is the cardiac control center located?

A) Medulla oblongata
B) Cerebellum
C) Pons
D) Thalamus
E) Hypothalamus

Question 75

During ventricular contraction, what are the position of the valves?

A) The atrioventricular valves are open.
B) The atrioventricular valves are closed.
C) The aortic valve is closed.
D) The pulmonary valve is closed.

Question 76

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle with each heartbeat is called __________.

A) cardiac output
B) stroke volume
C) cardiac cycle
D) minute cardiac volume

Question 77

How does heart rate affect blood pressure?

A) Elevated heart rate decreases stroke volume, therefore raising blood pressure.
B) Elevated heart rate increases cardiac output, therefore raising blood pressure.
C) Elevated heart rate increases peripheral resistance, therefore raising blood pressure.
D) Elevated heart rate increases blood viscosity, therefore raising blood pressure.

Question 78

What is the complete set of contraction and relaxation events that constitutes one heartbeat called?

A) Systole
B) Stroke volume
C) Cardiac cycle
D) Diastole

Question 79

What part of the ECG pattern is due to depolarization of the ventricles?

A) P wave
B) PR interval
C) QRS complex
D) T wave
E) PQ interval

Question 80

What part of the conduction system fibers extend into the papillary muscles?

A) SA node
B) AV node
C) Bundle branches
D) Purkinje fibers