Deck 7: Skeletal System

Question 1

Vitamin D is needed for the proper absorption of calcium from the small intestine.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of endochondral bone?

A) Hyaline cartilage develops in the shape of the future bone.
B) Periosteum forms from connective tissue on the outside of the developing bone.
C) Hyaline cartilage converts to adipose tissue.
D) Osteoblasts deposit bone tissue in place of disintegrating cartilage.
E) Osteoblasts deposit compact bone beneath the periosteum.

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage converts to adipose tissue.

Question 3

In the humerus, the deltoid tuberosity is located on the diaphysis; the trochlea, capitulum, and the greater/lesser tubercles are parts of the epiphyses.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces within a joint.

Question 5

The salts that are abundantin the extracellular matrix of bone tissue consist largely of __________.

A) calcium phosphate
B) sodium chloride
C) calcium carbonate
D) calcium sulfate
E) sodium bicarbonate

Question 6

Most people have 24ribs.

Question 7

The hip joint is a pivot joint.

Question 8

Intervertebral foramina combine to form the vertebral or spinal canal.

Question 9

When typing on the keyboard of a computer, your forearm is in supination.

Question 10

When doing jumping jacks, your legs are flexing and extending.

Question 11

The importance of fontanels in the infant's skull is to permit some movement of bones, thereby enabling the infant to pass more easily through the birth canal.

Question 12

Osteoclasts are large cells that cause the breakdown of bone tissue.

Question 13

A martial artist receives a punch that causes the xiphoid process to break. This suggests that the punch hit the pectoral girdle.

Question 14

The humerus has an olecranon fossa.

Question 15

The microscopic bony chambers that house mature bone cells are called __________.

A) lacunae
B) central canals
C) osteons
D) perforating canals
E) canaliculi

Question 16

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 17

A meniscus functions to cushion articulating surfaces of bones.

Question 18

The parietal bones meet the frontal bone along the sagittal suture.

Question 19

A young womanis in a car accident. When she regains consciousness, she notices a sharp pain in her left arm. Looking down, she sees a bone sticking out. This is a compound fracture.

Question 20

The tarsal bones form the wrist.

Question 21

What are the cells called that are responsible for removing excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process?

A) Fibroblasts
B) Chondrocytes
C) Osteoblasts
D) Osteoclasts
E) Osteocytes

Question 22

The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage tothe __________.

A) articular cartilage
B) diaphysis
C) epiphyseal plate
D) periosteum
E) medullary cavity

Question 23

Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male?

A) The distance between the female ischial tuberosities is less.
B) The distance between the female ischial spines is greater.
C) The female sacrum curves more anteriorly.
D) The female pelvic cavity is narrower.
E) The female coccyx is less movable.

Question 24

What statement describes the femur?

A) It is the shortest bone in the body.
B) It extends from the hip to the knee.
C) It has a laterally facing rounded head.
D) It articulates with the fibula.

Question 25

Which of the following is included in the axial skeleton?

A) Pectoral girdle
B) Vertebral column
C) Upper limbs
D) Pelvic girdle
E) Lower limbs

Question 26

The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of which two bones?

A) Zygomatic and temporal bones
B) Zygomatic and maxilla bones
C) Maxilla and temporal bones
D) Temporal and parietal bones
E) Zygomatic and sphenoid bones

Question 27

What comprises articular cartilage?

A) Hyaline cartilage
B) Fibrocartilage
C) Elastic cartilage

Question 28

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of __________.

A) osteocytes
B) red blood cells only
C) white blood cells only
D) red and white blood cells only
E) red and white blood cells and platelets

Question 29

Sinuses are found within all of the following bones except the __________.

A) frontal bone
B) maxillary bones
C) zygomatic bones
D) ethmoid bones
E) sphenoid bones

Question 30

Which of the following is not a function of bone?

A) To protect soft tissues
B) To house blood-producing cells
C) To provide communication from bone to muscle
D) To store inorganic salts
E) To provide points of attachment for muscles

Question 31

Which of the following is included in the pectoral girdle?

A) Coxal bone
B) Sternum
C) Sacrum
D) Scapula
E) Coccyx

Question 32

Which of the following bones is part of the coxal bone?

A) Ilium
B) Sacrum
C) Scaphoid
D) Femur
E) Talus

Question 33

Which of the following bones has anacromion process?

A) Sternum
B) Scapula
C) Clavicle
D) Humerus
E) Vertebra

Question 34

What is the name given to bone that develops within sheetlike layers of connective tissue?

A) Endochondral bone
B) Intramembranous bone
C) Cartilaginous bone
D) Osteoclastic bone
E) Appendicular bone

Question 35

What does the presence of an epiphyseal plate indicate?

A) The bone is broken.
B) The bone is dead.
C) The bone is increasing in diameter.
D) The bone is lengthening.
E) The bone is decreasing in density.

Question 36

The joints between the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as __________.

A) immovable
B) slightly movable
C) freely movable
D) synovial
E) fibrous

Question 37

Cervical vertebrae can be distinguished from other types by the presence of what bony features?

A) Transverse foramina
B) Transverse processes
C) Articulating processes
D) Vertebral foramina
E) Intervertebral discs

Question 38

The zygomatic boneis an example of a (an) __________.

A) long bone
B) short bone
C) flat bone
D) irregular bone
E) sesamoid bone

Question 39

Which of the following is classified as a facial bone?

A) Parietal bone
B) Maxillary bone
C) Sphenoid bone
D) Temporal bone
E) Ethmoid bone

Question 40

Which of the following bones is NOT included within the lower limb?

A) Ulna
B) Femur
C) Tibia
D) Fibula
E) Patella

Question 41

What is the name of the numerous branching bony plates located in spongy bone?

A) Trabeculale
B) Articular cartilage
C) Lamellae
D) Lacunae

Question 42

Not paying attention while walking and texting, Jenny trips over a curb and falls. She reaches out to break her fall, but unfortunately breaks a bone in her wrist that is distal to the radius. What bone did she break?

A) Scaphoid
B) Ulna
C) Humerus
D) Hamate

Question 43

What bone articulates with the tibia, patella, and coxal bones?

A) Humerus
B) Fibula
C) Hyoid
D) Femur
E) Sacrum

Question 44

Osteocytes exchange substances with nearby cells by means of cellular processes passing through __________.

A) canaliculi
B) central canals
C) lacunae
D) trabeculae

Question 45

The marrow-filled space in the diaphysis of a long bone is the __________.

A) endosteum
B) osteoblast
C) articular cartilage
D) medullary cavity

Question 46

The region where blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the disintegrating cartilage model at the end of a long bone is called __________.

A) a primary ossification center
B) an epiphyseal plate
C) the medullary cavity
D) a secondary ossification center

Question 47

Which bones, or set of bones, support the body's weight?

A) The bones of the lower limbs
B) The pelvis
C) The bones of the upper limbs
D) The bones of the lower limbs and of the pelvis
E) The bones of the lower limbs, the pelvis, and the upper limbs

Question 48

Which of the following is not a factor that influences bone development, growth, and repair?

A) Nutrition
B) Hormones
C) Physical exercise
D) Age

Question 49

The region of the long bone located between the epiphyses is the __________.

A) diaphysis
B) periosteum
C) osteoblast
D) articular cartilage

Question 50

What bone articulates with the humerus and carpal bones?

A) Ulna
B) Metacarpal
C) Scapula
D) Clavicle
E) Fibula

Question 51

Damage to what part of a bone can cause it to prematurely stop elongating?

A) Diaphysis
B) Shaft
C) Medullary cavity
D) Epiphyseal plate

Question 52

What is the function of collagen in bone tissue?

A) To provide storage of calcium
B) To provide flexibility
C) To provide hardness
D) To provide strength

Question 53

Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired?

A) Extension - Bending the leg at the knee or decreasing the angle between the femur and tibia
B) Adduction - Lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline
C) Pronation - Turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position)
D) Retraction - Moving a part forward or thrusting the head forward
E) Elevation - Lowering a part or drooping the shoulders

Question 54

What is the name of the band of cartilage found between the epiphyses and diaphysis of long bones?

A) Endosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Epiphyseal plate
D) Perosteum
E) Epiphyseal line

Question 55

Where are blood cells manufactured in adults?

A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Bone marrow
D) Kidney

Question 56

Which of the following types of cells are the least specialized?

A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteocytes
C) Progenitor cells
D) Osteoclasts

Question 57

Which type of bone originates from hyaline cartilage models?

A) Intramembranous bones
B) Endochondral bones
C) Flat bones of the skull

Question 58

Osteocytes and layers of extracellular matrix, which are concentrically clustered around a central canal, form a cylinder-shaped unit called __________.

A) an osteocyte
B) an osteum
C) an osteon
D) a trabecula

Question 59

What type of cell breaks down the calcified extracellular matrix in developing bones?

A) Osteoblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Osteocytes
D) Osteophages

Question 60

Bones are classified according to their shape. Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

A) Patella
B) Rib
C) Vertebra
D) Femur

Question 61

Which bone contains the ear canal?

A) Temporal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Ethmoid bone
D) Frontal bone
E) Parietal bone

Question 62

What type of joint is immovable?

A) Suture
B) Hinge joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Saddle joint
E) Cartilaginous joint

Question 63

The parietal bones and frontal bone join at which suture?

A) Squamous suture
B) Lambdoid suture
C) Sagittal suture
D) Coronal suture

Question 64

Which bone forms the anterior portion of the skull above the eyes?

A) Parietal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Frontal bone
E) Sphenoid bone

Question 65

Which bones fuse to form the lambdoid suture?

A) Occipital bone and frontal bone
B) Occipital bone and parietal bones
C) Parietal bones and frontal bone
D) Temporal bones and parietal bones
E) Left and right parietal bones

Question 66

The rounded process of a bone that usually articulates with another bone is called a(n) __________.

A) condyle
B) epicondyle
C) fovea
D) tubercle
E) sulcus

Question 67

Which tissue makes up the intervertebral discs?

A) Fibrocartilage
B) Elastic cartilage
C) Hyaline cartilage
D) Spongy bone
E) Compact bone

Question 68

What two bones, one on the left and one on the right, fuse to form the sagittal suture?

A) Parietal bones
B) Occipital bones
C) Temporal bones
D) Frontal bones
E) Maxillary bones

Question 69

An opening through a bone that is usually a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments is called a __________.

A) fossa
B) foramen
C) sulcus
D) sinus
E) condyle

Question 70

The part of a vertebral bone that supports the body weight is the __________.

A) body
B) pedicle
C) spinous process
D) vertebral arch
E) transverse process

Question 71

Which of the following is a bone found in the upper limb?

A) Metacarpal
B) Talus
C) Fibula
D) Femur
E) Patella

Question 72

The temporal bone and the parietal bone are joined by which suture?

A) Squamous suture
B) Lambdoid suture
C) Sagittal suture
D) Coronal suture

Question 73

How many tarsal bones are contained in each lower limb?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 74

The spinous processes of these vertebrae may be bifid, or forked.

A) Lumbar vertebrae
B) Thoracic vertebrae
C) Cervical vertebrae
D) Sacral vertebrae
E) Coccygeal vertebrae

Question 75

How many bones make up the human skull?

A) 10
B) 18
C) 22
D) 27
E) 34

Question 76

A small knoblike feature on a bone is called a __________.

A) trochanter
B) tuberosity
C) fossa
D) meatus
E) foramen

Question 77

Which of the following can accumulate in bones and has the potential to be harmful?

A) Phosphorus
B) Magnesium
C) Carbonate ions
D) Strontium

Question 78

Which of the following is part of the appendicular skeleton?

A) Skull
B) Pelvis
C) Sacrum
D) Rib cage

Question 79

Which bones contain depressions called the mandibular fossae?

A) Parietal bones
B) Occipital bones
C) Temporal bones
D) Frontal bones
E) Maxillary bones

Question 80

How many carpal bones are contained in each upper limb?

A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
E) 9