Deck 7: The Jeffersonian Era

Question 1

Religious skepticism resulted in

A) the decline of universalism.
B) a growth of commitment to organized churches and denominations.
C) both the philosophy of "unitarianism" and a wave of revivalism.
D) the disestablishment of the Anglican Church.
E) no discernible effect on American religious life.

Answer 1

both the philosophy of "unitarianism" and a wave of revivalism.

Question 2

In the study of medicine during the early nineteenth century,

A) anatomy became the leading contributor to medical knowledge.
B) municipal leaders sought better public awareness of sanitation to reduce diseases.
C) most physicians spoke out against the practice of bleeding and purging.
D) most doctors received their training by working with an established physician.
E) physicians found the public remarkably receptive to new discoveries and innovations.

Answer 2

most doctors received their training by working with an established physician.

Question 3

During the Second Great Awakening, the Indian revivalist Handsome Lake called for

A) the adoption by Indian tribes of white American culture.
B) an armed Indian rebellion against white American society.
C) the United States to live up to its broken treaties with Indian tribes.
D) the return of lands taken from Indian tribes by the United States.
E) the restoration of traditional Indian culture.

Answer 3

the restoration of traditional Indian culture.

Question 4

Noah Webster thought every American schoolboy should be educated

A) in a skilled trade.
B) to appreciate European culture.
C) in community service.
D) as a nationalist.
E) in Greek and Latin.

Question 5

Thomas Jefferson believed American Indians were primitive people

A) who had been greatly mistreated by white Americans.
B) who might become civilized through exposure to white culture.
C) who should be completely separated from white society.
D) with no redemptive qualities.
E) who nevertheless had an education system worth emulating.

Question 6

The writer Judith Sargent Murray argued that women

A) should have the same educational opportunities as men.
B) were equal to men in intellect and potential.
C) should have a role in society apart from their husbands.
D) should have opportunities to earn their own livings.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 7

The cotton gin was invented by

A) Robert Fulton.
B) Eli Whitney.
C) Samuel Slater.
D) Albert Gallatin.
E) Moses Brown.

Question 8

The religious concept of deism

A) emphasized the role of God in the world.
B) challenged many of the ideas that had emerged in the Enlightenment.
C) argued for a remote God that had withdrawn from human affairs.
D) was frowned upon by educated Americans such as Jefferson and Franklin.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 9

The Second Great Awakening

A) rejected the idea of the Trinity.
B) was consistent with the ideas of the Enlightenment.
C) helped promote universalism and Unitarianism.
D) was confined to New England.
E) began as an effort by church establishments to revitalize their organizations.

Question 10

The writer Washington Irving is best remembered for his works on

A) Ichabod Crane and Rip Van Winkle.
B) the American Revolution.
C) George Washington.
D) Philadelphia society.
E) the Mohican Indians.

Question 11

The message of the Second Great Awakening

A) called for an active and fervent piety.
B) restored the traditional belief in predestination.
C) incorporated the belief of skeptical rationalism.
D) found its greatest number of converts among young men.
E) was rejected by most women as being retrograde and reactionary.

Question 12

Eli Whitney is a major figure in American technology for introducing the

A) concept of interchangeable parts.
B) first modern factory.
C) steam engine.
D) mechanized assembly line.
E) steel plow.

Question 13

Around 1800, higher education in the United States

A) served about two percent of the white men in the country.
B) began to admit many more poor citizens than before.
C) gave access to women, blacks, and Indians.
D) was increasingly becoming dominated by public institutions.
E) saw the number of colleges and universities growing substantially.

Question 14

The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening

A) was largely limited to white Americans.
B) pacified opponents of slavery.
C) encouraged racial unrest.
D) was rejected by the black American community.
E) fostered an anti-egalitarian religious ethos.

Question 15

The expansion of the medical profession during the early nineteenth century resulted in a

A) broad increase in the number of hospitals.
B) decline in midwives.
C) rapid rise in care for the disabled.
D) significant gain in the general body of medical knowledge.
E) large jump in average life expectancy.

Question 16

In the early nineteenth century, school education was largely the responsibility of

A) private institutions.
B) the states.
C) individual cities and towns.
D) the federal government.
E) individual parents.

Question 17

The first American medical school was established at

A) Harvard.
B) William and Mary.
C) the University of North Carolina.
D) the University of Pennsylvania.
E) Columbia.

Question 18

The invention of the cotton gin in the late eighteenth century

A) allowed for the introduction of cotton in southern coastal states.
B) had a profound effect on the textile industry in New England.
C) reduced the total number of slaves in the American South.
D) led to a great increase in the production of long-staple cotton.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 19

The Second Great Awakening helped spread all of the following denominations EXCEPT the

A) Baptists.
B) Unitarians.
C) Presbyterians.
D) Methodists.
E) Baptists and Unitarians.

Question 20

Regarding education, early-nineteenth-century Republicans favored

A) a nationwide system of free public schools for all male citizens.
B) the federal government paying the costs of primary schools.
C) private schools as the primary institutions of learning.
D) the practice that only the children of elite families received an education.
E) free college education for all white male citizens of the republic.

Question 21

In 1804, the Federalists known as the Essex Junto

A) were led by Alexander Hamilton.
B) believed slavery could not be allowed to expand into the territories.
C) feared that the United States might be divided by secessionists.
D) attempted to interest Napoleon in reclaiming Louisiana.
E) feared the westward growth of the United States.

Question 22

The Lewis and Clark expedition

A) was first planned after the Louisiana Purchase was made.
B) was assisted by the guide Sacajawea.
C) was led by two men who had little experience with Indians.
D) saw both leaders die before the expedition was complete.
E) never made it to the Pacific Coast.

Question 23

In the early nineteenth century, many members of Congress

A) had to live in tents when in Washington,D.C.
B) considered their state legislatures to be more prestigious political bodies.
C) stayed in Washington year-round.
D) had to live in tents in Washington,
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 24

John Marshall was

A) chief justice of the Supreme Court at the time of Marbury v. Madison.
B) appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court by Thomas Jefferson.
C) a Republican.
D) a former vice president of the United States.
E) secretary of state in the Jefferson administration, and Madison's successor.

Question 25

The chief designer of the capital city of Washington was

A) Thomas Jefferson.
B) Robert Fulton.
C) Daniel Burnham.
D) Guy Dupont.
E) Pierre L'Enfant.

Question 26

In the United States during the early nineteenth century, horse racing

A) was bound by lines of race and class.
B) first became a spectator sport.
C) never developed wide appeal in the United States.
D) was considered a form of gambling and was banned in most towns.
E) was considered a waste of valuable horses and frowned upon.

Question 27

In his first term, President Thomas Jefferson

A) argued for mandatory military service to mold and improve citizens.
B) increased the size of the army.
C) increased the size of the navy.
D) aggressively used the military to assert American interests abroad.
E) helped establish a military academy at West Point.

Question 28

Under the treaty terms for the Louisiana Purchase,

A) the United States agreed to make annual payments to France for twenty years.
B) the United States would gain exclusive access to the port of New Orleans.
C) residents living in Louisiana were to be made citizens of France.
D) the land boundaries were not clearly defined.
E) the United States had to remain neutral in the war between England and France.

Question 29

In the early eighteenth century, the Americans Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston

A) invented the steam engine.
B) made significant advances in steam-powered navigation.
C) developed the nation's first merchant marine.
D) brought the first steam engines from England to the United States.
E) launched America's first railroad engine, the Clermont, in 1807.

Question 30

In 1802, what spurred President Jefferson to seek the building of a river fleet and to give the impression that the United States might ally with Great Britain?

A) a growing incidence of Indian attacks on western settlers
B) a Spanish attempt to readjust the northern border of its Florida colony
C) the arrival of a French invasion fleet near New York
D) a new French regulation restricting the use of the port of New Orleans by American ships
E) the capture of the island of Santo Domingo by a black revolutionary force

Question 31

When President Jefferson spoke of "loose construction," he was referring to

A) interpretation of the Constitution.
B) the USS Constitution and its hull form.
C) an early method of earthwork fortifications.
D) a medical theory compatible with the "humors" theory.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 32

Napoleon decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States in part because

A) the British had threatened to invade the territory.
B) he wanted full control of the port of New Orleans in exchange.
C) he needed the United States to contribute military forces on the continent in his war against Britain.
D) the French army on the American continent had been decimated by disease.
E) he believed the Louisiana Territory was a "great desert" unfit for habitation.

Question 33

The Supreme Court's ruling in the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A) stated that Congress had the authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court.
B) stated that the states had the power to nullify an act of Congress with the support of the Court.
C) ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission.
D) stated that Congress had no authority to expand the power of the Supreme Court, and that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress.
E) stated that the Supreme Court had the power to nullify an act of Congress, and ordered Secretary of State Madison to deliver Marbury his commission.

Question 34

When Thomas Jefferson received the treaty for the Louisiana Purchase, he

A) felt his government had been asked to pay too much for it.
B) was unsure of his constitutional authority to accept it.
C) assumed the French would not honor its terms.
D) insisted on numerous revisions before accepting it.
E) angrily fired Livingston and Monroe for insubordination.

Question 35

In 1800, Washington, D.C.,

A) had grown in size equal to Philadelphia.
B) was little more than a simple village.
C) was widely recognized as a city built on a grand scale.
D) had yet to be occupied by the national government.
E) had 13,200 residents, according to the census.

Question 36

The early nineteenth century in America is known as the "turnpike era" because

A) most towns and villages became connected by a network of inexpensive roads.
B) Americans stopped transporting goods by canal in favor of roads.
C) the federal government provided free land to road construction companies.
D) concrete was first developed as a long-life road surface.
E) many roads were built for profit by private companies.

Question 37

Population data of the United States in 1800 reveals

A) ten percent of the non-Indian population lived in towns of more than 8,000.
B) no American city had a population larger than 28,000.
C) New York was the most populous city in the country.
D) the nation remained overwhelmingly agrarian.
E) fifteen percent of the population lived in towns of more than 8,000.

Question 38

The explorations of Zebulon Pike

A) included Pike's successful climb to the top of the peak that now bears his name.
B) ended with his death at the hands of Choctaw Indians.
C) convinced President Jefferson to form reservations for Indians.
D) convinced many Americans that the land between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains was undesirable.
E) were hampered by Pike's old age and infirm health.

Question 39

During his first term, President Thomas Jefferson

A) sought to create a tax on personal income.
B) restricted the sale of government lands to western settlers.
C) saw a doubling of the national debt.
D) eliminated all internal taxes.
E) drastically increased government spending.

Question 40

As president, Thomas Jefferson

A) sought to convey the public image of a plain, ordinary citizen.
B) believed in a passive presidency.
C) gave the White House its name.
D) tended to keep talented Federalists in office despite objections from Republicans.
E) only served one term.

Question 41

The desire by American southerners to acquire Florida

A) led to war between the United States and Spain in 1812.
B) was partly motivated by the number of runaway slaves who escaped there.
C) was intended to reduce the presence of the British in America.
D) was unfulfilled until the 1830s.
E) was fervently attacked by leaders such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun.

Question 42

In the War of 1812, the Battle of New Orleans

A) took place weeks after the war had officially ended.
B) saw inexperienced British troops face battle-hardened American forces.
C) resulted in hundreds of American deaths.
D) saw the British lay siege to the city for nearly a month.
E) gave the British control of the Mississippi River.

Question 43

During William Henry Harrison's governorship of the Indiana Territory,

A) violence between the United States and Indian tribes declined.
B) he refused to sign new treaties with Indian tribes.
C) all Indian tribes were driven west of the Mississippi River.
D) he used threats and bribery as a means to acquire Indian lands.
E) he thwarted plans by Indian tribes to elect a separate Indian governor of the territory.

Question 44

Following the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key wrote

A) "Yankee Doodle."
B) "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."
C) "The Pledge of Allegiance."
D) "Stars and Stripes Forever."
E) "The Star-Spangled Banner."

Question 45

The duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton was the result of

A) a business failure between them.
B) a dispute over a woman.
C) Hamilton's election as governor of New York.
D) Burr's belief that Hamilton's malevolence had cost him the New York governor's race.
E) Burr's attempt to capture Mexico from the Spanish.

Question 46

At the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in 1814, Andrew Jackson

A) was seriously wounded.
B) viciously broke the resistance of the Creek.
C) captured the city of New Orleans.
D) defeated the Spanish at Pensacola.
E) turned back the British invasion from the Southwest.

Question 47

During the War of 1812, the Battle of the Thames

A) saw Tecumseh killed while a brigadier general in the British army.
B) led to the long American occupation of Canada.
C) strengthened the resolve of the Indians in the Northwest.
D) saw British forces come from Canada to attack Detroit.
E) saw a surprise American attack in the heart of London.

Question 48

President Thomas Jefferson's Indian policy included

A) an offer to Indians to have full citizenship in the United States and the right to vote.
B) an offer to Indians to reorganize their territory as a separate state in the Union.
C) the insistence that Indians reduce the size of their exclusive tribal lands in the Northwest, as well as allow some limited hunting by white settlers on those lands.
D) an offer to Indians to become settled farmers and join white society, and to reorganize their territory as a separate state in the Union.
E) an offer to Indians to become settled farmers and join white society, and an insistence that they give up claims to tribal lands in the Northwest.

Question 49

In the War of 1812, Britain turned its full military attention to America after

A) Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo.
B) Napoleon's incarceration at Elba.
C) Napoleon's catastrophic campaign against Russia.
D) the American invasion of Canada.
E) the American raid and burning of York.

Question 50

Which statement about the War of 1812 is true?

A) England remained preoccupied with Napoleon's attacks throughout the war.
B) The United States entered the war with enthusiasm and optimism.
C) The initial American focus of the war was on controlling the Mississippi River.
D) The military struggle on the Great Lakes was a disaster for the United States.
E) The outmatched Americans saw no military successes at all during the war.

Question 51

In 1810, the Non-Intercourse Act expired and was replaced by

A) the Harrison Land Law.
B) "Peaceable Coercion."
C) Macon's Bill No. 2.
D) the Tallmadge Amendment.
E) Madison's embargo.

Question 52

During the War of 1812, the Hartford Convention

A) was a gathering of strong supporters of the war.
B) saw its participants vote to secede from the United States.
C) struck a virtual death blow to the Federalist Party.
D) sought to strengthen the political influence of the South and West.
E) aimed to create a new political party, called the Whigs.

Question 53

In 1814, the British

A) took control of the Ohio Valley.
B) repulsed the United States from Florida.
C) seized Washington and set fire to the presidential mansion.
D) established naval supremacy on the Atlantic Ocean.
E) forced the surrender of Fort McHenry in Baltimore.

Question 54

During the War of 1812, the United States achieved early military success

A) on the Atlantic Ocean.
B) in New England.
C) in the Carolinas.
D) on the Great Lakes.
E) in the Caribbean.

Question 55

During the Jefferson administration, the British claimed the right to stop American merchant ships and seize

A) vessels that had deserters on board from British ships.
B) naturalized Americans born on British soil.
C) any persons they chose.
D) all military cargo.
E) any slaves found on board.

Question 56

The Chesapeake-Leopard incident

A) led the United States to prohibit its ships from leaving for foreign ports.
B) saw the British sink an American merchant ship.
C) led the British government to end its practice of impressment.
D) began the War of 1812.
E) saw the Americans sink a British naval frigate.

Question 57

The Embargo of 1807

A) was ineffective.
B) helped to put a Federalist in the White House in 1808.
C) resulted in the Republican loss of control of Congress in 1808.
D) was quickly repealed.
E) created a serious economic depression in the nation.

Question 58

In 1812, Henry Clay and JohnC. Calhoun could best be described as

A) Jeffersonians.
B) pacifists.
C) secessionists.
D) Federalists.
E) war hawks.

Question 59

Tecumseh

A) believed the only effective means to resist white settlers was Indian tribal unity.
B) encouraged Indian assimilation into the United States to save their lives.
C) had a brother known as "the Shooting Star."
D) fought against William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe.
E) experienced a mystical awakening in the process of recovering from alcoholism.

Question 60

The Non-Intercourse Act reopened American trade with

A) Great Britain.
B) France.
C) both Great Britain and France.
D) all nations except Great Britain and France.
E) all nations.

Question 61

By the early nineteenth century, the United States began to have cities that approached the major cities of Europe in population.

Question 62

Jefferson was not a pacifist, but he did scale down the size of the American armed forces.

Question 63

The revivalism of the Second Great Awakening was essentially restricted to white people.

Question 64

The early nineteenth-century growth of the medical profession resulted in an expansion in opportunities for women.

Question 65

The idea of the "republican mother" presumed that it was important that women be educated.

Question 66

The terms of the Louisiana Purchase were made without the prior approval of either the president or Congress.

Question 67

The Treaty of Ghent that ended the War of 1812

A) was signed on New Year's Day, 1815.
B) was reluctantly negotiated by the British.
C) included the condition that the United States create an Indian buffer state in the Northwest.
D) put huge areas of the new lands under the control of the United States.
E) began an improvement in relations between England and the United States.

Question 68

Immediately following Jefferson's first inauguration, Republicans began to attack the judicial branch of government.

Question 69

By the end of Jefferson's presidency, the capital city of Washington rivaled New York and Philadelphia as a major American city.

Question 70

The Rush-Bagot agreement of 1817 called for

A) the joint occupation of Oregon by France and the United States.
B) the mutual disarmament of the Great Lakes by Britain and the United States.
C) France to pull out of the fur trade in the Great Lakes region.
D) a general trade agreement between the United States and France.
E) Spain to give up its claim to Florida, in exchange for navigation rights on the Mississippi.

Question 71

Philosophies such as universalism were not consistent with the doctrines of Calvinism.

Question 72

The Second Great Awakening succeeded in restoring to prominence traditional doctrines such as predestination.

Question 73

Many efforts were made to educate both Native Americans and African slaves to "uplift" them as people.

Question 74

Jefferson tried to make sure that federal offices went to people who would be loyal to his ideas and to his presidency.

Question 75

John Marshall was a Federalist who served during several Republican administrations.

Question 76

Jefferson as president was able to cut the size of government, but he was not able to reduce the national debt.

Question 77

In the early nineteenth century, primary and secondary education, but not higher education, operated in close conformity to republican ideals.

Question 78

Jeffersonians believed in a smaller government, but they also favored a nationwide system of public schools.

Question 79

At the end of the eighteenth century, only a small proportion of white Americans were members of formal churches.

Question 80

Jefferson believed that Native Americans were uncivilized and innately inferior.