Deck 18: The Chemistry of Useful Materials

Question 1

Which is not a property of ceramics?

A) ability to withstand high temperatures
B) conductivity
C) tendency to fail in response to stress
D) cheap raw materials

Answer 1

conductivity

Question 2

Which term or phrase does not apply to steel?

A) used in structural support of buildings
B) made in basic oxygen process
C) can be magnetic
D) has a high carbon content

Answer 2

has a high carbon content

Question 3

The most abundant substances in rocks are

A) sulfates
B) carbonates
C) silicates
D) oxides

Answer 3

silicates

Question 4

Which of the following metals is recovered from sea water?

A) magnesium
B) iron
C) copper
D) both b and c

Question 5

Which form of iron contains the least amount of carbon?

A) steel
B) pig iron
C) cast iron
D) these forms contain no carbon

Question 6

The chloralkali process uses electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride to produce all but one of the following.

A) Cl₂
B) NaOH
C) H₂
D) CO₂

Question 7

Pyrex and Kimax glass typically contain an oxide of this element which gives the glass a small coefficient of thermal expansion.

A) sodium
B) lead
C) boron
D) arsenic

Question 8

Older glass Coke bottles were green due to the presence of this metal ion in the silica from which the bottle was made.

A) Fe²⁺
B) Cu₊
C) Sn⁴⁺
D) Ca²⁺

Question 9

The process by which aluminum is prepared from its ores is

A) electrolysis
B) reduction with carbon
C) precipitation
D) oxidation by air

Question 10

Which element is likely to occur free in nature?

A) zinc
B) silver
C) iron
D) lead

Question 11

Which of the following is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust?

A) magnesium, Mg
B) iron, Fe
C) nickel, Ni
D) aluminum, Al

Question 12

Which does not apply to silicates?

A) clay
B) tetrahedral units
C) contains carbon
D) SiO₂

Question 13

Which metal is sufficiently concentrated in the oceans so that it is currently extracted commercially?

A) aluminum
B) copper
C) magnesium
D) iron

Question 14

The most abundant element in the earth's crust is

A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) iron
D) aluminum

Question 15

Which kind of rocks are formed by solidification of molten rock?

A) igneous
B) metamorphic
C) sedimentary
D) both b and c

Question 16

Which mineral is likely to be used in cement and wallboard?

A) oxides
B) silicates
C) sulfates
D) halides

Question 17

Which of the following metals and ores is not a correct pair?

A) zinc, ZnS
B) iron, Fe₂O₃
C) gold, AuO
D) lead, PbS

Question 18

Which substance is formed when silica is melted (so that SiO₄ units are reorganized) and then cooled?

A) clay
B) glass
C) talc
D) feldspar

Question 19

The main source of magnesium is

A) Earth's crust
B) hydrosphere
C) atmosphere
D) lithosphere

Question 20

What structural unit is characteristic of quartz and most silicates?

A) planar
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) linear

Question 21

Which commonly used structural metal has the lowest density?

A) aluminum
B) zinc
C) magnesium
D) titanium

Question 22

Most metals are found in the Earth as

A) positive ions
B) negative ions
C) neutral atoms
D) molecules

Question 23

Which of the following is not an ingredient in Portland cement?

A) anhydrous calcium oxide
B) silicon dioxide
C) hydrated calcium sulfate
D) aluminum oxide

Question 24

Glass is annealed so that

A) silicon is baked out of the mixture
B) calcium carbonate is decomposed to form calcium oxide
C) strain is minimized as the liquid cools
D) none of these

Question 25

Which of the following metals is reduced by an electron flow in an electric furnace rather than by chemical reduction?

A) iron
B) copper
C) lead
D) aluminum

Question 26

Most of the material of the earth's crust is

A) compounded and mixed
B) elemental and mixed
C) compounded and pure
D) elemental and pure

Question 27

A p-type semiconductor is one that

A) contains more electrons than silicon
B) is deficient electrons
C) has no electrons
D) has the same number of electrons as silicon

Question 28

To produce steel in the blast furnace, what must be the carbon content in the iron?

A) increased to approximately twice its original value
B) reduced to a smaller value
C) eliminated
D) distributed evenly throughout the iron

Question 29

Bauxite is the hydrated oxide of

A) iron
B) aluminum
C) magnesium
D) copper

Question 30

Calcium oxide from oyster shells is used to precipitate magnesium from sea water.The oxide reacts with water to form

A) hydrogen
B) a sulfate
C) a hydroxide
D) oxide ions which precipitate the magnesium in the aqueous medium

Question 31

Amorphous materials

A) are solids like tar and glass that have no internal order
B) are solids with regular order
C) have a definite crystal structure
D) are crystalline solids

Question 32

Which is the most abundant element in the earth's crust?

A) aluminum
B) oxygen
C) silicon
D) iron

Question 33

In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace, calcium carbonate, from limestone, is added to combine with what impurity in the iron ore?

A) other metals
B) carbon
C) silicon dioxide
D) sulfur

Question 34

A common element used in many semiconductors is

A) silicon
B) sodium
C) silver
D) carbon

Question 35

Superconductivity is the result of

A) lower electrical resistance
B) increases in available energy
C) higher concentrations of electrical charge
D) higher levels achieved in the purity of copper

Question 36

Over the years what element has been used as a reducing agent to reduce iron metal from its ores?

A) sulfur
B) silicon
C) sodium
D) carbon

Question 37

What can be melted with silica (silicon dioxide) to form common window glass?

A) carbon
B) carbonates of sodium and calcium
C) sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite
D) sand containing small amounts of magnesium

Question 38

Doped silicon is used in

A) magnets
B) transistors
C) electrical transmission wires
D) superconductors

Question 39

Roasting of metal ores in air

A) converts sulfides to oxides
B) converts sulfides to pure metals
C) converts oxides to silicates
D) reduces metal oxides to sulfides

Question 40

Clay is a hydrated mixture of the oxides of

A) iron and silicon
B) silicon and calcium
C) iron and calcium
D) aluminum and silicon

Question 41

Silicon is doped with to make an n-type semiconductor

A) germanium
B) arsenic
C) boron
D) magnesium

Question 42

Which is an example of metamorphic rock?

A) basalt
B) sandstone
C) marble
D) sand

Question 43

Which is a property of a metal?

A) ductile and malleable
B) low electrical conductivity
C) low thermal conductivity
D) soluble in water

Question 44

What is the major compound found in sea shells?

A) SiO₂
B) CaCO₃
C) Fe₂O₃
D) KAlSi₃O₈

Question 45

What two elements make up glass?

A) Si and S
B) Si and B
C) Si and N
D) Si and O

Question 46

The p-type of semiconductor is generally

A) silicon doped with a Group VA element
B) silicon doped with a Group IVA elment
C) germanium doped with an element from Group IVA
D) silicon doped with an element from Group IIIA

Question 47

Which type of iron results from a blast furnace?

A) pig iron
B) cast iron
C) steel
D) carbon steel

Question 48

Which material is structurally stronger?

A) pig iron
B) cast iron
C) steel
D) iron oxide

Question 49

How many valence electrons are found in an arsenic atom used to dope an n-type semiconductor?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 6

Question 50

Solar cells are

A) built only using layers p-type of transistors
B) built only using layers n-type of transistors
C) built using alternate layers of n-type and p-type transistors
D) rechargeable

Question 51

Asbestos is

A) a glass
B) a form of silicate
C) amorphous
D) a form of clay

Question 52

The first transistor was constructed

A) in 1947 at Bell Laboratories
B) in 1941 at IBM
C) in 1969 at Texas Instruments
D) in 1934 in Switzerland