Deck 5: Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Question 1

The complement component found in all the pathways is

A)C1.
B)C3.
C)C4.
D)factor H.

Answer 1

C3.

Question 2

The measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) can be used for all the following except:

A)monitoring healing after acute myocardial infarction.
B)monitoring drug therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
C)predicting risk of myocardial infarction.
D)diagnosis of viral septicemia.

Answer 2

diagnosis of viral septicemia.

Question 3

Increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections can be caused by

A)deficiency of the opsonic activities of complement.
B)any deficiency that compromises the lytic activity of complement.
C)deficient function of the mannose-binding lectin pathway.
D)All of the above.

Answer 3

All of the above.

Question 4

Functions of the complement system include

A)host defense against infection, such as chemotaxis.
B)clearance of apoptotic cells.
C)clearance of immune complexes from the tissues.
D)All of the above.

Question 5

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
C3

A)Acute-phase protein
B)Most common complement deficiency
C)Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
D)Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 6

The activation of complement and the products formed during the complement cascade have a variety of physiologic and cellular consequences, including

A)enhanced phagocytosis of pathogens.
B)activation of basophils and mast cells.
C)removal of immune complexes.
D)cell lysis.
E)All of the above.

Question 7

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
C4

A)Acute-phase protein
B)Most common complement deficiency
C)Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
D)Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 8

The complement cascade reaches its full amplitude at the _________ stage.

A)C1
B)C3
C)C4
D)factor H.

Question 9

The alternate complement pathway is initiated

A)by formation of antigen-antibody reactions.
B)as a nonantibody-initiated pathway.
C)without C1, C4, and C2.
D)Both B and C.

Question 10

Increased complement levels can be observed in

A)inflammatory conditions.
B)excessive activation.
C)genetic defects.
D)Both B and C.

Question 11

The membrane attack complex (MAC) is characterized by all the following except:

A)MAC components are the same in the final common pathway of complement activation.
B)C5-8 complex polymerizes C9 to form a tubule known as MAC.
C)MAC allows for the influx of Na⁺ and H₂O, which produces lysis.
D)the complement cascade reaches full amplitude at this stage.

Question 12

The alternate complement pathway is activated by

A)bacterial exotoxins.
B)viruses.
C)antigen-antibody complexes.
D)haptens.

Question 13

Complement is characterized by all the following except:

A)collection of proteins synthesized in the liver.
B)heat-labile series of 18 plasma proteins.
C)normally present in the circulation in an inactive form.
D)normally present in the circulation as an active enzyme.

Question 14

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
C7

A)Acute-phase protein
B)Most common complement deficiency
C)Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
D)Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 15

Match the complement component with the appropriate description. (Use each answer only once.)
C2

A)Acute-phase protein
B)Most common complement deficiency
C)Useful with results of anti-DNA in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
D)Associated with Raynaud's phenomenon

Question 16

Which of the following characteristics is representative of C-reactive protein (CRP)?

A)The first acute-phase reactant to become elevated
B)Nonspecific indicator of inflammation
C)Acute-phase reactant
D)All of the above.

Question 17

Interferons

A)are the principal mediator of the acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria.
B)mediate interactions between leukocytes.
C)mediate the early immune response to viral infections.
D)stimulate cell differentiation.

Question 18

The classic complement pathway is activated by

A)platelet factor 2.
B)C3B.
C)factor B.
D)factor D.

Question 19

The mannose-binding lectin pathway is initiated by

A)platelet factor B
B)bacterial exotoxins.
C)binding of MASP1 and MASP2 and another complex to arrays on the surface of a bacterial cell.
D)antigen-antibody complexes.

Question 20

Cytokines are also referred to as interleukins.

Question 21

In innate immunity, cytokines stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes and activate specialized effector cells.

Question 22

Cytokines are nonspecific in their chemical structure.

Question 23

In adaptive immunity, cytokines mediate early inflammatory reactions to microbial organisms and stimulate adaptive immune responses.