Deck 30: Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Question 1

The mainstay of immunosuppression therapy in transplantation is

A)azathioprine.
B)corticosteroids.
C)cyclosporine.
D)antilymphocyte globulin.

Answer 1

cyclosporine.

Question 2

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) D region codes for ________ molecules.

A)class I
B)class II
C)class III
D)All of the above.

Answer 2

class II

Question 3

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is located on

A)chromosome 3.
B)chromosome 6.
C)chromosome 21.
D)chromosome 22.

Answer 3

chromosome 6.

Question 4

Rejection of a graft displays the key feature(s) of adaptive immunity, which is

A)memory.
B)specificity.
C)antibody formation.
D)Both A and B.

Question 5

Potential graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has all the following factor requirements except

A)a source of immunocompetent T lymphocytes.
B)a source of immunocompetent B lymphocytes.
C)age of the blood product.
D)inability to reject donor cells.

Question 6

Match the terms with the appropriate definition.
Syngraft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g., pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g., skin, hair, bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species; grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g., kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 7

The most efficient method of preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is

A)irradiating the patient before transfusion.
B)irradiating the blood components before transfusion.
C)administering antibiotics before transfusion.
D)administering steroids after transfusion.

Question 8

Match the terms with the appropriate definition.
Autograft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g., pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g., skin, hair, bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species; grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g., kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 9

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Recipients of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow grafts

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 10

Class II transplant antigens are expressed on

A)B lymphocytes.
B)activated T lymphocytes.
C)macrophages.
D)All of the above.

Question 11

Match the terms with the appropriate definition.
Allograft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g., pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g., skin, hair, bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species; grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g., kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 12

In posttransfusion graft-versus-host reaction, symptoms begin within ________ day(s) after transfusion.

A)1
B)2 to 4
C)3 to 5
D)3 to 30

Question 13

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Infants receiving intrauterine transfusions, followed by exchange transfusions, and possibly infants receiving only exchange transfusions

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 14

Corneas can be easily transplanted from one human to another because the cornea is

A)weakly antigenic.
B)avascular.
C)nonantigenic.
D)Both A and B.

Question 15

Chronic rejection is

A)cell-mediated.
B)humoral (antibody)-mediated.
C)either a or B
D)Both A and B.

Question 16

Which of the following classes of MHC antigens is necessary for antigen recognition by CD4+ T lymphocytes?

A)Class I
B)Class II
C)Both class I and class II
D)Neither class I nor class II

Question 17

Which of the following antigens is an MHC class II antigen?

A)HLA-A
B)HLA-DQ
C)HLA-DR
D)Both B and C.

Question 18

If an organ is rejected within 1 week after transplant (acute rejection), the predominant mechanism is ______-mediated.

A)T lymphocyte
B)B lymphocyte
C)macrophage
D)segmented neutrophil

Question 19

The most accelerated type of graft rejection is called __________ rejection.

A)hyperacute
B)acute
C)chronic
D)delayed

Question 20

Match the terms with the appropriate definition.
Xenograft

A)Graft between individuals of different species (e.g., pig heart valve to a human heart)
B)Graft transferred from one position to another in the same individual (e.g., skin, hair, bone)
C)Graft between genetically different recipient and donor of the same species; grafted donor tissue or organ contains antigens not present in recipient
D)Graft transplanted between different but identical recipient and donor (e.g., kidney transplant between monozygous twins)

Question 21

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Patients with aplastic anemia receiving antithymocyte globulin

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 22

Patients who are severely immunocompromised or immunosuppressed are unable to reject donor cells.

Question 23

The stronger the antigen difference, the more severe the graft-versus-host reaction.

Question 24

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Children with severe congenital immunodeficiency syndromes involving T lymphocytes

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 25

Immunosuppression is used for the maintenance of the transplant.

Question 26

Immunosuppression is used for the suppression of established rejection.

Question 27

Match the groups receiving therapy with their risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).
Patients receiving total-body radiation or immunosuppressive therapy for disorders such as lymphoma and acute leukemia

A)High-risk patients
B)Intermediate-risk patients
C)Low-risk patients

Question 28

Immunosuppression is used for induction (intense immunosuppression in the initial days after transplantation).

Question 29

Match the HLA typing technique with its basic principle.
Combination of alloantibody and lymphocyte membrane indicated by cell death allowing penetration of vital dye such as trypan blue.

A)Complement-Mediated Cytotoxicity
B)ELISA and Flow Cytometry

Question 30

Match the HLA typing technique with its basic principle.
Microparticles coated with purified HLA molecules

A)Complement-Mediated Cytotoxicity
B)ELISA and Flow Cytometry