Question 1

All of the following are examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions except&#10;A)Farmer's lung and the Arthus reaction.&#10;B)immediate transfusion reactions and Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).&#10;C)antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity involving NK cells or macrophages expressing Fc receptors.&#10;D)antireceptor antibodies such as those expressed in autoimmune thyroid disease.

Accepted Answer

Type II hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by the involvement of antibodies directed against cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction, inflammation, or functional impairment. Examples include immediate transfusion reactions, Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and antireceptor antibodies in autoimmune diseases. Farmer's lung and the Arthus reaction are examples of Type III hypersensitivity reactions, which involve immune complex deposition and not direct antibody-mediated cell targeting.

Question 2

&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Anaphylactoid reaction&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction

Accepted Answer

Anaphylactoid reactions mimic anaphylaxis but are not mediated by antigen-antibody interactions; instead, they are directly triggered by substances causing the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils.

Question 3

The components involved in a positive skin test for tuberculosis (TB) are&#10;A)T lymphocytes and macrophages.&#10;B)segmented neutrophils and monocytes.&#10;C)B lymphocytes and macrophages.&#10;D)IgE antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The positive skin test for tuberculosis, known as the Mantoux test or tuberculin sensitivity test, involves a cell-mediated immune response where T lymphocytes and macrophages play a crucial role. When exposed to antigens from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sensitized T lymphocytes release cytokines that attract macrophages. These macrophages attempt to engulf the bacteria, leading to the characteristic induration (hardening) and erythema (redness) observed in a positive test.

Question 4

&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Delayed hypersensitivity&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Delayed...

Question 5

Type I hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by&#10;A)activation of complement.&#10;B)antigen cross-links with IgE on mast cells.&#10;C)being potentially fatal.&#10;D)Both B and C.

Accepted Answer

Type I hypersensitivity reactions involve antigen cross-linking with IgE on mast cells, leading to the release of histamine and other mediators that can cause symptoms ranging from mild allergic reactions to potentially fatal anaphylaxis, thus making both B and C correct.

Question 6

Cell-mediated immunity is responsible for&#10;A)contact sensitivity.&#10;B)elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens.&#10;C)rejection of foreign graft tissue.&#10;D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity, primarily involving T cells, is responsible for contact sensitivity, elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens, and rejection of foreign graft tissue.

Question 7

&#10;Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example of a ____________ hypersensitivity reaction.&#10;A)type I&#10;B)type II&#10;C)type III&#10;D)type IV

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example of a type II hypersensitivity reaction, which occurs when the immune system targets cells that have foreign antigens bound to their surface, such as the red blood cells in this condition.

Question 8

The Arthus reaction is associated with the immune phenomenon of&#10;A)deposition of immune complexes in blood vessels.&#10;B)release of histamine from tissue basophils.&#10;C)destruction of body tissue by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.&#10;D)phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes.

Accepted Answer

The Arthus reaction is a type of local vasculitis caused by the deposition of immune complexes in the walls of blood vessels, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This reaction is a classic example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction, where immune complexes formed from the interaction of antibodies with soluble antigens are deposited in tissues, triggering an inflammatory response.

Question 9

Anaphylaxis is characterized by all the following statements except&#10;A)it can cause death caused by asphyxiation.&#10;B)there is massive release of histamine from mast cells and basophils.&#10;C)there was prior sensitization to an allergen.&#10;D)it is associated with a significant increase in eosinophils in the circulating blood.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis is characterized by a massive release of histamine from mast cells and basophils following re-exposure to an allergen, which can lead to severe reactions including asphyxiation and potentially death. However, it is not typically associated with a significant increase in eosinophils in the circulating blood; eosinophilia is more commonly associated with parasitic infections and certain allergic reactions, but not the acute response seen in anaphylaxis.

Question 10

Immune complex reactions can&#10;A)suppress or augment the immune response.&#10;B)inhibit tumor cell destruction.&#10;C)be deposited in blood vessel walls, glomerular membranes, and other sites.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Immune complex reactions have a range of effects, including the potential to either suppress or augment the immune response, inhibit tumor cell destruction, and deposit in various body sites such as blood vessel walls and glomerular membranes.

Question 11

&#10;Asthma is an example of a _____________ hypersensitivity reaction.&#10;A)type I&#10;B)type II&#10;C)type III&#10;D)type IV

Accepted Answer

The answer of  &#10;Asthma is an example of a...

Question 12

&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Immunization or sensitization&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Immunization...

Question 13

&#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Immediate hypersensitivity&#10;A)Cell-mediated&#10;B)Antibody-mediated&#10;C)Dependent on the host's response to a subsequent exposure of antigen&#10;D)Not mediated by antigen-antibody interaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#10;Match the terms with the appropriate description.&#10;Immediate...

Question 14

Histamine can&#10;A)lead to constriction of bronchial smooth muscle.&#10;B)exert an anticoagulant effect.&#10;C)cause decreased capillary permeability.&#10;D)enhance opsonization in phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Histamine can&#10;A)lead to constriction of bronchial smooth...

Deck 25: Hypersensitivity Reactions