Deck 15: Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

Question 1

Survival mechanisms of fungi that successfully invade the body include:

A)the presence of an antiphagocytic capsule.
B)resistance to digestion within macrophages.
C)destruction of phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils).
D)All of the above.

Answer 1

All of the above.

Question 2

For an infectious disease actually to develop in a host, a microorganism must

A)penetrate the skin or mucous membrane barrier (first line of defense).
B)survive natural body defense mechanisms.
C)survive adaptive body defense mechanisms.
D)All of the above.

Answer 2

All of the above.

Question 3

The incidence of antibody to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is __________ in adults of higher socioeconomic class compared with those in lower socioeconomic classes.

A)higher
B)equal
C)lower

Answer 3

lower

Question 4

A microorganism can survive phagocytosis if it possesses a

A)cell membrane.
B)capsule.
C)slime layer.
D)flagellum.

Question 5

Parasites can avoid being phagocytized because of

A)their ability to migrate away from an inflamed area.
B)their size.
C)the presence of a body (cell) wall.
D)a coating of exterior IgM antibody.

Question 6

The TORCH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG assay includes detection of all the following except

A)cytomegalovirus (CMV).
B)Epstein-Barr virus.
C)rubella.
D)infectious mononucleosis.

Question 7

The burden of adaptive immunity in preventing the spread of viruses rests on

A)macrophages.
B)B lymphocytes.
C)T lymphocytes.
D)segmented polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).

Question 8

The most frequent manifestation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is

A)a cold sore
B)genital warts
C)hives
D)pimples

Question 9

All the following are fungal diseases except

A)histoplasmosis.
B)aspergillosis.
C)toxoplasmosis.
D)coccidioidomycosis.

Question 10

Immune responses to parasitic infection include

A)immunoglobulin production.
B)antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
C)cell defenses, such as eosinophils and T lymphocytes.
D)All of the above.

Question 11

Antibodies associated with body defenses against parasites include _______-type antibodies.

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)Both B and C.

Question 12

Fungal infections can be opportunistic infections in patients who:

A)have AIDS.
B)are immunosuppressed with medications.
C)are transplant patients receiving antirejection medicines.
D)All of the above.

Question 13

A key immunologic substance against bacteria is

A)complement.
B)interferon.
C)lysozyme.
D)interleukin.

Question 14

Major immunologic defense mechanisms against bacteria include

A)lysozyme.
B)phagocytosis.
C)interferon production.
D)Both A and B.

Question 15

High levels of circulating ________ may cause hypersensitivity reactions in helminth and cestode infections.

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgD
D)IgE

Question 16

Fungal infections are increasing worldwide because of

A)an aging population.
B)use of immunosuppressive drugs.
C)development of diseases that produce an immunocompromised state.
D)Both B and C.

Question 17

A zoonosis is any infectious disease that can be

A)transmitted (by a vector) from humans to wild and domestic animals.
B)transmitted (by a vector) from other animals, both wild and domestic, to humans.
C)transmitted from birds to humans.
D)transmitted from humans to gorillas.

Question 18

Antibody and cell-mediated responses to an infectious agent become activated in a few ___________ in immunocompetent individuals.

A)minutes
B)hours
C)days
D)weeks

Question 19

Factors that can influence exposure to, or actual development of, an infectious disease include all the following factors except the

A)immune status of an individual.
B)pathogenicity of the microbial agent.
C)season of the year.
D)appropriate portal of entry.

Question 20

Members of human herpesviruses include:

A)cytomegalovirus (CMV).
B)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
C)varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
D)All of the above.

Question 21

Match the traditional immunohistochemistry technique with the correct characteristic.
Direct Immunohistochemistry Protocol _____.

A)Labeled monospecific antibody is directly applied to the tissue section.
B)A wide range of unlabeled primary antibodies is utilized.
C)Antibody is conjugated with biotin, which amplifies staining.
D)Labeling techniques include fluorescent compounds or enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase.

Question 22

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once).

Aspergillosis

A)Latex particle agglutination
B)ImmunoCAP system
C)Fungus media nucleic acid probe

Question 23

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
Primary infection with the virus results in the clinical manifestations of __________.

A)The most common congenital virus infection
B)A spectrum of congenital defects
C)Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage
D)Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 24

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
Toxoplasmosis

A)The most common congenital virus infection
B)A spectrum of congenital defects
C)Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage
D)Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 25

Match the traditional immunohistochemistry technique with the correct characteristic.
Indirect Immunohistochemistry Protocol _____.

A)Labeled monospecific antibody is directly applied to the tissue section.
B)A wide range of unlabeled primary antibodies is utilized.
C)Antibody is conjugated with biotin, which amplifies staining.
D)Labeling techniques include fluorescent compounds or enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase.

Question 26

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once).

Histoplasmosis

A)Latex particle agglutination
B)ImmunoCAP system
C)Fungus media nucleic acid probe

Question 27

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A)The most common congenital virus infection
B)A spectrum of congenital defects
C)Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage
D)Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 28

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
Rubella

A)The most common congenital virus infection
B)A spectrum of congenital defects
C)Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage
D)Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 29

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
TORCH syndrome

A)The most common congenital virus infection
B)A spectrum of congenital defects
C)Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage
D)Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 30

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
Reactivation of the virus results in the characteristic clinical manifestation of __________.

A)The most common congenital virus infection
B)A spectrum of congenital defects
C)Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage
D)Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 31

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once).

Sporotrichosis

A)Latex particle agglutination
B)ImmunoCAP system
C)Fungus media nucleic acid probe