Deck 12: Prevention in Juvenile Justice

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals identified as key in restorative justice programs?

A)Restoration
B)Empowerment
C)Reflection
D)Emotional and social healing

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a biological risk factor?

A)Poor nutrition
B)High metabolism
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Low resting heart rate

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a parent training intervention?

A)Head Start
B)Keepin' It REAL
C)FRIENDS
D)Incredible Years

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a main type of restorative justice.

A)Peacemaking circles
B)Family group conferencing
C)Victim-offender mediation
D)Conflict resolution

Question 5

Which of the following is not a dimension of restorative justice?

A)Victim reparation
B)Offender responsibility
C)Communities of care
D)None of the above

Question 6

_______________ focuses on expressing disapproval of the criminal activity while simultaneously forgiving the offender if he or she is willing to make reparation.

A)Retributive justice
B)Restorative justice
C)Reintegrative shaming
D)Community justice

Question 7

Which is not a characteristic of dispute resolution programs?

A)Participation can be forced
B)A third-party mediator is involved
C)Participants usually know each other
D)Disputes are referred to the process by criminal justice professionals

Question 8

Restorative justice seeks to restore social support for _____________________.

A)The victim
B)The offender
C)Society
D)All of the above

Question 9

The most notable anti-bullying program is the:

A)Olweus program
B)RIPP program
C)Elmira program
D)Big Brothers/Big Sisters program

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for youthful misbehavior?

A)Community
B)Religion
C)Peer
D)Family

Question 11

Evaluations of family-group conferencing show a ______ percent reduction in recidivism compared to traditional processing.

A)10
B)25
C)40
D)65

Question 12

According to the text, which of the following is a multi-component program?

A)Big Brothers/Big Sisters
B)G.R.E.A.T.program
C)Perry Preschool program
D)Seattle Social Development Project

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a partly restorative practice in McCold and Wachtel's restorative practices typology?

A)Victim reparation
B)Restitution
C)Communities of care reconciliation
D)Offender responsibility

Question 14

_______________ seeks to use interventions that return the victim and offender to their pre-offense states.

A)Retributive justice
B)Restorative justice
C)Reintegrative shaming
D)Community justice

Question 15

The use of mediation for juvenile offenders is an attempt to ________________.

A)Deal with the needs of the victim
B)Deal with the needs of the offender
C)Identify for the offender the harm the victim has suffered
D)All of the above

Question 16

Evaluations of VOMs show that at least _______ of participants are satisfied with their results.

A)15%
B)33%
C)50%
D)75%

Question 17

Braithwaite argues that ______________ has been the dominant model of criminal justice throughout history.

A)Reintegrative justice
B)Retributive justice
C)Restorative justice
D)Retaliatory justice

Question 18

Family-group conferencing traces its roots to:

A)Maori practices in New Zealand
B)First Nations in Canada
C)Quakers in Pennsylvania
D)Aborigines in Australia

Question 19

Family-group conferencing can include all but which of the following?

A)Victims
B)Schools
C)Criminal justice personnel
D)All of the above can be included

Question 20

_______________ focuses on the lawbreaker and the imposition of sanctions for the purposes of deterrence, vengeance, and/or punishment.

A)Retributive justice
B)Restorative justice
C)Reintegrative shaming
D)Community justice

Question 21

The Elmira Prenatal/Early Infancy program relies mainly on _________.

A)Home visitation by nurses
B)Multi-family group meetings
C)Mentoring by experienced parents
D)None of the above

Question 22

The parens patriae philosophy of the juvenile court focuses on using punishment to stop juvenile offending.

Question 23

PATHS is an example of a skills training intervention.

Question 24

_____________ are based on Canadian First Nation practices and involve a wide group of community members who discuss the offense and come up with plans of action, such as apologies, restitution, community service, and/or explicit sentencing recommendations to the judge.

A)Victim-offender mediation programs
B)Neighborhood reparative boards
C)Sentencing circles
D)none of the above

Question 25

The most important concern in restorative justice is repairing the harm to the community.

Question 26

In restorative justice, the victim is nothing more than a witness for the state.

Question 27

According to the text, historically, victims were left to address the problems and repair the harm from the offense.

Question 28

According to McCold and Wachtel, victim reparation is fully restorative.

Question 29

Reintegrative shaming is part of the theoretical basis behind restorative justice.

Question 30

In dispute resolution, the victim and offender are required to participate.

Question 31

According to Braithwaite, restorative justice has been the dominant model of criminal justice throughout most of history.

Question 32

Another name for restorative justice is reparative justice.

Question 33

The community is essential in family-group conferencing.

Question 34

The major difference between retributive and restorative justice is the fact that the court is no longer involved in resolving disputes.

Question 35

In school settings, dispute resolution is called peer mediation.

Question 36

The Seattle Social Development Project is an example of a ___________ program.

A)Conflict management
B)Mentoring
C)Resistance skills training
D)Multi-component

Question 37

D.A.R.E.is an example of a _________ program.

A)Conflict management
B)Mentoring
C)Resistance skills training
D)Multi-component

Question 38

Responding in Peaceful and Positive Ways is an example of a ________ program.

A)Conflict management
B)Mentoring
C)Resistance skills training
D)Multi-component

Question 39

Big Brothers/Big Sisters is an example of a ________ program.

A)Conflict management
B)Mentoring
C)Resistance skills training
D)Multi-component

Question 40

Most cases in dispute resolution involve parties who know one another personally.

Question 41

Family group conferencing finds its roots in Maori practices.

Question 42

According to the text, as long as one of the three dimensions of restorative justice is met, the process is wholly restorative.

Question 43

Victim-offender mediations include the family members and close friends of the victim and offender.

Question 44

Victim-offender mediation programs appear to be successful in reducing criminal recidivism.

Question 45

Participation in victim-offender mediation is voluntary for the victim.

Question 46

In sentencing circles, only the victim, offender, families, and close acquaintances participate.

Question 47

The Perry Preschool program is the most extensively studied parent training intervention.

Question 48

Victims are not required to participate in neighborhood reparative boards.

Question 49

Victims and offenders always have a choice on whether to participate in restorative practices.

Question 50

Victim-offender mediation usually takes place prior to conviction.

Question 51

Restorative justice demonstrates a shift in focus in the criminal justice system to the victim.

Question 52

Another name for neighborhood reparative boards is neighborhood accountability boards.

Question 53

According to Kurki, restorative justice is about reducing recidivism.

Question 54

According to Braithwaite, the only way to truly punish offenders is to shame them.