Deck 14: Future Directions in Juvenile Justice

Question 1

If Putnam is accurate that civic participation is declining, which model of juvenile court would probably suffer the worst consequences?

A)Rehabilitative court
B)Restorative justice court
C)Criminalized court
D)Developmental court

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Putnam's metaphor for the decline in civic participation is:

A)Bowling alone
B)Dancing alone
C)What goes up must go down
D)I did it my way

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to the text, a popular motto for dealing with juveniles seems to be:

A)"They are only children."
B)"Three strikes and you're out."
C)"Adult crime, adult time."
D)None of the above

Answer 3

C

Question 4

_________________ refers to the idea of making juvenile court a scaled-down version of adult court.

A)Criminalized juvenile court
B)Teen court
C)Restorative justice court
D)Specialized adult court

Question 5

According to Garland, the sentiment against the poor and criminals/delinquents developed in part due to:

A)The increase of consumer goods
B)The decline of guardianship
C)Decreased funds for treatment programs
D)All of the above

Question 6

The National Research Council's suggestion that interventions consider the specific needs of the youth is referred to as a:

A)Developmental approach
B)Evidence-based approach
C)Specialized treatment
D)Legal approach

Question 7

Which of the following best defines Tucker and Cadora's "urban justice corps?"

A)City police who develop alternative mentoring programs
B)Youths diverted from incarceration to work on rebuilding their communities
C)Probation officers who suffer from mission distortion
D)The juvenile version of Gardner Fox's Justice League

Question 8

According to the text, which of the following is not a factor behind the softening of punitive measures?

A)Famous crime decline in the 1990s
B)Research in neuroscience and developmental psychology on youth maturity
C)Advocacy groups working to soften punitive demands
D)None of the above

Question 9

What is Christian Hoff Sommers' suggestion for preventing delinquency and aiding youths in society?

A)Increased welfare spending
B)Abolishing juvenile court
C)Reducing the public hostility toward poor, minority children
D)Character education

Question 10

The perspective that returns the responsibility for youths to the community is called:

A)Rehabilitative justice
B)Retributive justice
C)Restorative justice
D)Social intervention

Question 11

Which court suggestion would have the most emphasis on the victim?

A)Criminalized juvenile court
B)Restorative justice model court
C)Victimization court
D)A revitalized parens patriae court

Question 12

According to the text, which of the following is true about race and the juvenile justice system?

A)A number of studies have found race to be a factor in juvenile justice decisions.
B)According to some, there is pervasive antipathy toward poor, minority children.
C)The issue is broader than just juvenile court.
D)All of the above

Question 13

Which model of the juvenile court has been endorsed by the American Bar Association?

A)Rehabilitative juvenile court
B)Criminalized juvenile court
C)Restorative juvenile court
D)Developmental juvenile court

Question 14

Merlo argues that significant percentages of American children live in high-risk conditions.By "high-risk conditions" she means:

A)One-parent families
B)Poverty
C)Lack of health insurance
D)All of the above

Question 15

The push to influence states to return the lower age of criminal court jurisdiction to 18 was labeled the:

A)"Kids not Adults" effort
B)"Schools not Prisons" effort
C)"Raise the Age" effort
D)"Lower the Age" effort

Question 16

Who suggests discounting youth sentences?

A)Feld
B)Anderson
C)Bishop
D)Lipsey

Question 17

The softening of the "get tough" punitive era of juvenile justice is known as the:

A)Second wave
B)Third wave
C)Fourth wave
D)Fifth wave

Question 18

A leader in the drive to deliver rehabilitation and who has shown there are effective interventions in meta analyses of the literature is:

A)Palmer
B)Feld
C)Lipsey
D)Bishop

Question 19

According to the text, which model of the juvenile court is most closely associated with Bazemore?

A)Rehabilitative juvenile court
B)Criminalized juvenile court
C)Restorative juvenile court
D)Developmental juvenile court

Question 20

Which model of the juvenile court is most closely associated with the parens patriae philosophy?

A)Rehabilitative juvenile court
B)Criminalized juvenile court
C)Restorative juvenile court
D)Developmental juvenile court

Question 21

According to the text, putting more emphasis on the spiritual refers to which of the following?

A)Church services
B)A sense of meaning and purpose
C)More education
D)None of the above

Question 22

In the most recent analysis, there are over _____ juveniles serving penalties of life without parole.

A)1,600
B)2,300
C)5,400
D)7,500

Question 23

Rovner argues that transfer should only be available via a transfer hearing and only for serious crimes.

Question 24

Which is an example of a policy that ignores the real needs of youths?

A)Urban justice corps
B)Orphan trains
C)"Making life choices" strategy
D)Justice reinvestment

Question 25

Whitehead and Braswell argues for the re-introduction of the __________ dimension into corrections.

A)Economic
B)Political
C)Social
D)Spiritual

Question 26

Restorative justice seeks to change the parens patriae model of a rehabilitative juvenile court.

Question 27

The idea of eliminating juvenile court jurisdiction over status offenders is known as:

A)Divestiture
B)Non-intervention
C)Diversion
D)Deinstitutionalization

Question 28

The idea of a criminalized juvenile court means to simply apply all procedures and penalties from adult court to juveniles.

Question 29

Rovner believes it is still too easy to arrest, convict, and sanction kids as adults for minor drug crimes in many states.

Question 30

Clear suggests that justice reinvestment would be grossly financially ineffective.

Question 31

According to the text, Krisberg argues we need to be concerned with redeeming all children.

Question 32

Religion is positively statistically correlated with violence.

Question 33

Bishop argues that general purpose clauses are abandoning the idea of rehabilitation.

Question 34

The increased use of life without parole is probably due to the:

A)Breed decision
B)Roper decision
C)Garner decision
D)Miller decision

Question 35

Feld has argued for harsher sentences for juveniles.

Question 36

The court case that ruled the death penalty is unconstitutional for juveniles is:

A)Breed v.Jones
B)Garner v.Tennessee
C)McKiever v.Pennsylvania
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 37

Barry Feld has argued for punishment "discounts" for juveniles processed in adult court.

Question 38

According to the text, one advantage of restorative justice is that community participation is on the rise, so there are many citizens volunteering for civic organizations and duties.

Question 39

According to the text, Alexander argues that attacking "crime" is simply the new way to cover up racism.

Question 40

According to the text, Bishop and Feld see a new balance softening the punitive "get tough" era.

Question 41

Civic participation and community involvement are growing and this will help juvenile justice.

Question 42

Divestiture means the elimination of adult court jurisdiction over all youthful offenders.

Question 43

According to the text, reintroducing the spiritual dimension into corrections and the lives of offenders means sneaking religion into both community and institutional corrections.

Question 44

Recently, there were about 2,300 persons serving LWOP sentences who were under the age of 18 when they committed their crime.

Question 45

According to the text, in 2015, about 2,300 juveniles were arrested for murder.

Question 46

Powers's phrase "apocalyptic nihilism" means that today's youths are quite religious and expect the imminent end of the world.

Question 47

Effective interventions that reduce recidivism can also save thousands of dollars per offender.

Question 48

Racial disparities appear throughout the juvenile justice system.

Question 49

The case Roper v Simmons ruled the death penalty for juveniles was unconstitutional.

Question 50

Placing children with new families in the 1800s was often done by means of the so-called "orphan trains."