Deck 11: Juvenile Probation and Community Corrections

Question 1

For youths placed on probation, judges might order:

A)Regular reporting to a probation officer
B)Attending school regularly
C)A short stay in detention
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to the text, which of the following is not part of restorative justice?

A)Victim-offender mediation
B)Public shaming
C)Community service
D)Concern for the victim

Answer 2

B

Question 3

__________ refers to a style of communicating that may make offenders listen and become more engaged.

A)Motivational interviewing
B)Psychoanalysis
C)Interrogation
D)Client centered

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research on the effectiveness of community corrections has indicated that:

A)"Get tough" measures such as Scared Straight programs are effective
B)Intensive supervision programs clearly reduce prison and training school populations
C)Effective interventions focus on changing the individual
D)None of the above

Question 5

Aftercare is the juvenile justice system's equivalent of:

A)Probation
B)Bail
C)Shock incarceration
D)Parole

Question 6

What percentage of status offenders were placed on probation for truancy in 2014?

A)23
B)73
C)45
D)16

Question 7

In 2014, about what percentage of the youths who were adjudicated status offenders were placed on probation in juvenile court?

A)25
B)33
C)56
D)63

Question 8

__________ means that criminal justice personnel, legislatures, and experts disagree on the purposes and objectives of juvenile court and community supervision.

A)Political disconnect
B)Goal confusion
C)System imbalance
D)Theoretical conflict

Question 9

According to the text, which of the following can be problematic in efforts to treat offenders?

A)Programs may not be available due to funding problems.
B)Efforts that seem reasonable (e.g., part-time employment) may actually be counterproductive.
C)Youths may have more serious problems than records show.
D)All of the above

Question 10

_____________ is a perspective that supports efforts to help offenders find greater meaning in their lives.

A)Rehabilitation
B)Peacemaking
C)Restoration
D)Treatment

Question 11

According to the text, which of the following is not true of effective interventions?

A)Effective interventions enhance self-esteem.
B)Effective interventions are behavioral.
C)Effective interventions are intensive.
D)Effective interventions target criminogenic needs.

Question 12

Probation officers working with youths may assume all but which of the following roles?

A)Social worker
B)Counselor
C)Quasi-police officer
D)All of the above

Question 13

In 2014, about what percentage of the youths who were adjudicated delinquent were placed on probation in juvenile court?

A)25
B)33
C)56
D)63

Question 14

The balanced approach is a combination of:

A)Rehabilitation, incarceration, and probation
B)Restorative justice, classical criminology, and rehabilitation
C)Restitution, positivism, and diversion
D)Treatment, punitiveness, and fines

Question 15

The approach that emphasizes helping residents to take control and solve problems on their own is:

A)Community justice
B)Restorative justice
C)Retributive justice
D)Broken windows justice

Question 16

The concern over repairing harm done to all parties from a crime defines:

A)Retributive justice
B)Reparative justice
C)Restitutive justice
D)Restorative justice

Question 17

The process whereby offenders pay back victims for the harm caused is called:

A)Victim compensation
B)System restoration
C)Restitution
D)Civil recompense

Question 18

The presentence report of adult court is called the ____________ in juvenile court.

A)Disposition investigation
B)Social history investigation
C)Background check
D)None of the above

Question 19

According to the text, which of the following is not a trend in community supervision?

A)Restorative justice
B)The balanced approach
C)Providing psychoanalysis for juvenile probationers
D)Focus on status offenders

Question 20

A common result of intensive supervision is:

A)Greater detection of technical violations
B)No impact on probationers
C)Reduces incarceration
D)None of the above

Question 21

Research on get-tough measures shows they do not work without strong treatment measures as well.

Question 22

Restorative justice is concerned with the harm done to and needs of all parties involved in an event.

Question 23

There are no problems with community service; everyone praises its benefits.

Question 24

Juvenile probationers must serve their full sentences; there are no early discharges.

Question 25

Research on restitution has found that

A)Claims of amounts paid are often exaggerated
B)Judges do not always order restitution
C)Restitution can be a problem for youths who have difficulty finding employment
D)All of the above

Question 26

According to Lozoff and Braswell, the primary goal of peacemaking is internal personal change.

Question 27

In juvenile corrections, parole is called probation.

Question 28

Judges, probation officers, police, and the public are all in clear agreement about the goals of the juvenile justice system.

Question 29

The balanced approach in juvenile corrections refers to the current trend of sending equal (balanced) numbers of juveniles to adult court and to juvenile court.

Question 30

Some jurisdictions have both police and probation officers checking on juvenile probationers at night.

Question 31

There has been renewed emphasis on status offenses such as truancy.

Question 32

The presentence investigation is called a background evaluation in juvenile court.

Question 33

Juvenile probation handles roughly 350,000 cases in 2014.

Question 34

Community justice programs face the difficult problem of lack of opportunities (e.g., jobs, education, treatment programs) in the communities where many offenders live.

Question 35

According to the text, which of the following is false concerning community service?

A)Some argue that it helps offenders pay their debt to society.
B)Every hour of community service is productive and necessary work.
C)Critics argue that it can take work away from law-abiding citizens.
D)Sometimes offenders do not see a connection between their community service and the crime they committed.

Question 36

Control-oriented probation officers tend to use counseling techniques such as reality therapy more than assistance-oriented officers.

Question 37

Recidivism for youths on aftercare is typically at least 50%.

Question 38

A recent evaluation of intensive juvenile aftercare (parole) found that approximately 50% of the youths were arrested for one or more new felonies.

Question 39

Motivational therapy refers to a style of communication leading to more listening and engagement boy youths.

Question 40

Recent research on probation reports indicated some racial disparity.

Question 41

Research shows that intensive supervision including treatment programming reduces recidivism by over 80%.

Question 42

Lipsey's research on effective programming shows that various interventions can reduce recidivism by more than 20%.

Question 43

Restitution is ordered in 80% of all eligible cases.

Question 44

Greenwood and Turner argue that the most successful programs focus on family interventions.

Question 45

Gendreau and colleagues claim successful interventions need to focus on substance abuse and include a measure of punitiveness along with treatment.

Question 46

Goal confusion causes a lack of focus on the appropriate mission for community supervision.

Question 47

Restitution only involves the payment of money to the victim by the offender.