Deck 11: Introduction to the Central Nervous System

Question 1

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
Select the structure located within the brainstem.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebral cortex
C) cerebral white matter
D) medulla oblongata
E) basal ganglia

Answer 1

Brainstem is the distal portion of brain, which is made up of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Each of these pats have their own unique structure and function. Brainstem helps in regulating heart rate, breathing, sleeping and eating.
Hypothalamus is the region of the brain, which is located below thalamus and is a part of diencephalon.
Hence, option A is wrong.
Cerebral cortex is the outer layer of neuronal tissue of cerebrum, which is also called mantle. It help in regulating sensory sensations and voluntary movements.
Hence, option B is wrong.
Cerebral white matter consist of nerve fiber and is located in deeper tissues of brain which is covered by myelin sheath so it is called white matter.
Hence, option C is wrong.
Basal ganglia is a group of sub cortical nuclei and is located at the base of forebrain and top portion of midbrain.
Hence, option E is wrong.
Medulla oblongata is also known as medulla, it is a long-stem like structure which form the part of brainstem along with pons and midbrain also it is anterior and partial posterior to cerebellum
Thus, the correct option is

Question 2

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
The basal ganglia are involved with regulating
A. the vomiting reflex
B. body temperature
C. muscular activity
D. sensory impulses
E. sleep

Answer 2

NO ANSWER

Question 3

Match the description
___ Coordinates body movements and posture, helps maintain equilibrium.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Answer 3

Brain is one of the main organ of the body. It constitutes the Central Nervous System. Parts of the brain are cortex, hypothalamus, thalamus, medulla oblongata, skull, pineal gland, pituitary gland and cerebellum.
It is a complex organ of which studies and researches are still going on regarding its functions. Human brains depicts clearly the functioning of vertebrate brains.
1.
Cerebellum which is also known as the back of brain helps to maintain body equilibrium by coordinating body movements and posture. Defects in cerebellum will cause tremors, diminished tendon reflexes, disordered body movements, muscle weakness etc. Alcohol depresses cerebellum so that body coordination will be affected.
Hence, option Cerebellum is correctly match with this.
2.
Basal ganglia are a group of cell bodies located in the white matter of cerebrum. They are also known as gray matter or extrapyramidal system. It regulates the skeletal muscle activity. Parkinson's disease is caused due to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in basal ganglia.
Hence, option Basal Ganglia is correctly matched with this.
3.
Cerebral white matter can be seen within the deeper cells of brain containing nerve fibers most of which is surrounded by myelin and helps to conduct nerve impulses. Gray matter is being coloured because of the cell bodies of neurons.
Hence, option Cerebral white matter is correctly matched with this.
4. The largest as well as the uppermost part of brain can be termed as cerebrum. The control center of brain is called cerebrum. Cerebrum have two sides which can act as two separate brains. Around of the mass of brain constitutes cerebrum. Function of cerebrum constitutes thinking, feeling, memory, vision, personality development etc.
Hence, option Cerebrum is correctly matched with this.
5.
Thalamus usually controls the sensory impulses travelling to the cerebral cortex. It is a portion of diencephalon and located between midbrain and cerebral cortex.
Hence, option Thalamus is correctly matched with this.
6.
Medulla oblongata controls blood vessel and heart function, respiration, digestion etc. It is located within the brain stem. It contains three vital factors namely respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor.
Hence, option Medulla oblongata is correctly matched with this.
7.
Cerebral cortex is seen quite above the cerebrum. Cerebral cortex is the point of intellectual and voluntary activities such as memory, vision, personality development, language, conscious thought and the higher level activities. Cerebral cortex consists of cell bodies greater than ten billion nerve cells which is the total of .
Hence, option Cerebral cortex is correctly matched with this.

Question 4

Match the description
___ Group of cell bodies within the cerebrum.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Question 5

List some of the neurotransmitters found in the brain. What is the function of a neurotransmitter

Question 6

Match the description
___ Composed of myelinated axons that conduct nerve impulses to and from the cerebral cortex.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Question 7

Assume a patient of the doctor you assist has Parkinson's disease. He and his wife think his problem is in his muscles. Explain to them what is really affected and why he has the symptoms he does.

Question 8

Match the description
___ Largest and uppermost part of the brain.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Question 9

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
Body temperature, appetite, and water balance are regulated by the

A)pons
B) cerebellum
C) medulla oblongata
D) hypothalamus
E) cerebral cortex

Question 10

Match the description
___ Regulates sensory impulses traveling to the cortex.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Question 11

Where are the basal ganglia located and what function is associated with them

Question 12

Match the description
___ Controls cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory functions.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Question 13

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
Sensory sensations such as touch, pressure, and pain are perceived in the

A) frontal lobe
B) temporal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) occipital lobe
E) basal ganglia

Question 14

Match the description
___ Controls the body's higher intellectual and voluntary activities.
a. basal ganglia
b. cerebellum
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebral white matter
e. cerebrum
f. medulla oblongata
g. thalamus

Question 15

List the main structures in the brainstem.

Question 16

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
The vital centers are regulated by the
A. hypothalamus
B. reticular formation
C. cerebral cortex
D. medulla oblongata
E. pons

Question 17

List the main functions of the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata.

Question 18

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
The area of the brain that is involved with emotional and behavioral responses is the
A. reticular formation
B. limbic system
C. basal ganglia
D. occipital lobe
E. reticular formation

Question 19

What are the main functions of the cerebellum and spinal cord

Question 20

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
The occipital lobe is involved with
A. posture
B. sleep
C. equilibrium
D. water balance
E. vision

Question 21

What is the reticular formation How does it function to regulate the level of wakefulness or arousal

Question 22

What are the main functions of the central nervous system

Question 23

Use your critical-thinking skills to answer the following questions. Select the correct answer.
Select the correct function of the cerebellum.
A. equilibrium
B. vision
C. temperature control
D. water balance
E. sleep

Question 24

As patient liaison in a large metropolitan hospital, one of your duties is to educate patients and their families about their illnesses and treatments. For the following cases, explain why the patients present with the signs and symptoms that they do.a. Patient A, a 16-year-old female, took an overdose of one of the barbiturate drugs and was brought to the emergency room (ER) by her parents. She presents in the ER with a heart rate of 45, blood pressure of 85 over 55, and slow, irregular breathing.
b. Patient B took an accidental overdose of an amphetamine and presents at the ER in a state of excitability, with rapid breathing, heart palpitations, excessive perspiration, anxiety, and irritability.
c. Patient C is an 18-year-old male who has had a few beers once or twice a month since he turned 18. He has never consumed hard liquor until tonight, when he attended a party where he participated in a drinking contest. At that time, he drank several ounces of whiskey in a few minutes. He passed out and could not be awakened. A sober friend brought him to the ER, still unconscious. His heart rate is slow, his blood pressure down, and his breathing is irregular.

Question 25

What is the limbic system What functions are associated with this system