Deck 12: Perfect Competition

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
Assume that the leather market is a perfectly competitive market.The market demand curve for leather is ________ and each individual leather producer's demand curve is ________.

A)vertical;downward sloping
B)downward sloping;horizontal
C)downward sloping;vertical
D)horizontal;horizontal
E)horizontal;downward sloping
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سؤال
For perfect competition to arise,it is necessary that market demand be

A)inelastic.
B)elastic.
C)perfectly elastic.
D)large relative to the minimum efficient scale of a single firm.
E)small relative to the minimum efficient scale of a single firm.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.1.1 Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A is a straight line because the firm</strong> A)is a price taker. B)faces constant returns to scale. C)wants to maximize profits. D)has perfect information. E)has constant marginal cost. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.1.1
Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A is a straight line because the firm

A)is a price taker.
B)faces constant returns to scale.
C)wants to maximize profits.
D)has perfect information.
E)has constant marginal cost.
سؤال
An example of a perfectly competitive industry is the

A)airline industry.
B)beer industry.
C)running shoe industry.
D)fast food industry.
E)wheat industry.
سؤال
In a perfectly competitive market,the market demand curve is illustrated by

A)a downward-sloping curve.
B)a line that is vertical at the market output.
C)an upward-sloping curve.
D)a line that is horizontal at the market price.
E)a curve that is bowed towards the origin.
سؤال
Marginal revenue is

A)the change in total quantity that results from a one-unit increase in the price of the good.
B)the change in total revenue that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity sold.
C)economic profit divided by the quantity sold.
D)the change in economic profit that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity sold.
E)total revenue minus total cost.
سؤال
A price taker is a firm that

A)must lower its price if it wants to sell more output.
B)sets the market price.
C)cannot influence the market price.
D)is incurring an economic loss.
E)can raise its price if it lowers output.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.1.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.1.1   Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 6 units of output,marginal revenue is</strong> A)$15. B)$30. C)$75. D)$90. E)$105. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 6 units of output,marginal revenue is

A)$15.
B)$30.
C)$75.
D)$90.
E)$105.
سؤال
Lin's fortune cookies are identical to the fortune cookies made by dozens of other firms,and there is free entry in the fortune cookie market.Buyers and sellers are well informed about prices.Lin's fortune cookies operates in a ________ market.

A)challenging
B)monopolistic
C)perfectly competitive
D)noncompetitive
E)perfectly competent
سؤال
If a firm faces a perfectly elastic demand for its product,then

A)it is not a price taker.
B)it will want to lower its price to increase sales.
C)it will want to raise its price to increase total revenue.
D)its marginal revenue curve is horizontal at the market price.
E)it will always make zero economic profit.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.1.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.1.1   Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the quantity sold by the firm rises from 5 to 6,marginal revenue is</strong> A)$15. B)$30. C)$75. D)$90. E)$105. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the quantity sold by the firm rises from 5 to 6,marginal revenue is

A)$15.
B)$30.
C)$75.
D)$90.
E)$105.
سؤال
A price-taking firm faces a

A)perfectly inelastic demand.
B)downward-sloping marginal revenue curve.
C)downward-sloping supply curve.
D)perfectly elastic demand.
E)downward-sloping demand curve.
سؤال
Lin's fortune cookies are identical to the fortune cookies made by dozens of other firms,and there is free entry in the fortune cookie market.Buyers and sellers are well informed about prices.The price of a fortune cookie is determined by ________.The marginal revenue of a fortune cookie equals ________.

A)market demand and market supply;price
B)the ingredients that Lin's uses to produce his fortune cookies;average total cost
C)the number of cookies that Lin's produces;average variable cost
D)the freshness of the fortune cookies;average fixed cost
E)market demand and market supply;the price elasticity of demand
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.1.1 Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A represents the firm's</strong> A)total fixed cost curve. B)average fixed cost curve. C)average variable cost curve. D)total revenue curve. E)marginal revenue curve. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.1.1
Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A represents the firm's

A)total fixed cost curve.
B)average fixed cost curve.
C)average variable cost curve.
D)total revenue curve.
E)marginal revenue curve.
سؤال
Which one of the following does not occur in perfect competition?

A)No single firm can exert a significant influence on the market price of the good.
B)There are many buyers.
C)There are significant restrictions on entry into the market.
D)Sellers and buyers are well informed about prices.
E)Established firms have no advantage over new ones.
سؤال
Economic profit equals

A)total fixed cost plus total variable cost.
B)total revenue minus marginal cost.
C)marginal revenue minus marginal cost.
D)total revenue minus total cost.
E)total revenue minus total variable cost.
سؤال
Perfect competition occurs in a market where there are many firms,each selling

A)an identical product.
B)a similar product.
C)a unique product.
D)a capital-intensive product.
E)a competitive product.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.1.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.1.1   Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 5 units of output,total revenue is</strong> A)$15. B)$30. C)$75. D)$90. E)$105. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 5 units of output,total revenue is

A)$15.
B)$30.
C)$75.
D)$90.
E)$105.
سؤال
A perfectly competitive market is characterized by

A)firms that are price setters.
B)firms that each face a downward-sloping demand curve.
C)firms that each sell a unique good or service.
D)buyers who are unaware of the price charged by each firm.
E)no restrictions on entry into the market.
سؤال
The slope of a perfectly competitive firm's demand curve is

A)infinity.
B)zero.
C)1.
D)greater than 1.
E)negative.
سؤال
Suppose a firm is trying to decide whether or not to temporarily shut down to minimize total loss.If price equals average variable cost,then

A)total revenue equals total fixed cost, and the loss equals total variable cost.
B)total revenue equals total variable cost, and the loss equals total fixed cost.
C)total fixed cost is zero.
D)total variable cost equals total fixed cost.
E)total cost equals total variable cost.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.Economic profit is maximized when the firm produces ________ units of output.</strong> A)zero B)7 C)3 D)6 E)5 <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.Economic profit is maximized when the firm produces ________ units of output.

A)zero
B)7
C)3
D)6
E)5
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The short-run equilibrium price of one unit of the good is</strong> A)$3. B)$10. C)$15. D)$25. E)$30. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The short-run equilibrium price of one unit of the good is

A)$3.
B)$10.
C)$15.
D)$25.
E)$30.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.Brenda's total fixed cost is</strong> A)$3 an hour. B)$4 an hour. C)$7 an hour. D)$29 an hour. E)zero. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.Brenda's total fixed cost is

A)$3 an hour.
B)$4 an hour.
C)$7 an hour.
D)$29 an hour.
E)zero.
سؤال
A firm that temporarily shuts down and produces no output incurs a loss equal to its

A)total fixed cost.
B)total variable cost.
C)marginal cost.
D)marginal revenue.
E)average total cost.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 3 units of output,it will</strong> A)make an economic profit of $4. B)make an economic profit of $90. C)incur an economic loss of $4. D)break even. E)incur an economic loss of $86. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 3 units of output,it will

A)make an economic profit of $4.
B)make an economic profit of $90.
C)incur an economic loss of $4.
D)break even.
E)incur an economic loss of $86.
سؤال
When a firm is a "price taker," the firm

A)can charge any price that it wants to charge, that is, "take" any price it chooses.
B)pays a fixed price for all of its fixed inputs.
C)will accept ("take")the lowest price that its customers offer.
D)pays a fixed price for all of its variable inputs.
E)cannot influence the market price of the good that it sells.
سؤال
The shutdown point occurs at the point of minimum

A)marginal cost.
B)average variable cost.
C)average fixed cost.
D)total cost.
E)average total cost.
سؤال
A firm shuts down if price is

A)above minimum average variable cost.
B)below minimum average variable cost.
C)above minimum average fixed cost.
D)less than marginal cost.
E)below average total cost.
سؤال
A firm will shut down temporarily when the price is so low that total revenue is insufficient to cover the

A)total cost of production.
B)total variable cost of production.
C)total fixed cost of production.
D)marginal cost of production.
E)none of the above.
سؤال
A firm maximizes profit by producing the output at which marginal cost equals

A)marginal revenue.
B)average total cost.
C)average variable cost.
D)average fixed cost.
E)total revenue.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.2
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.2   Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If the price of a pizza is $7,what is Chip's profit-maximizing output per hour?</strong> A)zero pizzas B)1 pizza C)2 pizzas D)3 pizzas E)4 pizzas <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If the price of a pizza is $7,what is Chip's profit-maximizing output per hour?

A)zero pizzas
B)1 pizza
C)2 pizzas
D)3 pizzas
E)4 pizzas
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 2 units of output,it</strong> A)makes an economic profit of $9. B)makes an economic profit of $60. C)incurs an economic loss of $9. D)incurs an economic loss of $60. E)incurs an economic loss of $69. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 2 units of output,it

A)makes an economic profit of $9.
B)makes an economic profit of $60.
C)incurs an economic loss of $9.
D)incurs an economic loss of $60.
E)incurs an economic loss of $69.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.2
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.2   Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If Chip shuts down in the short run,his total cost is</strong> A)$0. B)$10 an hour. C)$12 an hour. D)$22 an hour. E)$40 an hour. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If Chip shuts down in the short run,his total cost is

A)$0.
B)$10 an hour.
C)$12 an hour.
D)$22 an hour.
E)$40 an hour.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 balloons an hour to 5 balloons an hour is</strong> A)$1. B)$4.50. C)$4.70. D)$4.80. E)$4.40. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 balloons an hour to 5 balloons an hour is

A)$1.
B)$4.50.
C)$4.70.
D)$4.80.
E)$4.40.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal revenue received from the sale of the 4th unit of output is</strong> A)$3. B)$15. C)$10. D)$120. E)$30. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal revenue received from the sale of the 4th unit of output is

A)$3.
B)$15.
C)$10.
D)$120.
E)$30.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 units to 5 units is</strong> A)$14. B)$128. C)$100. D)$25. E)$30. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 units to 5 units is

A)$14.
B)$128.
C)$100.
D)$25.
E)$30.
سؤال
In a perfectly competitive market,a firm maximizes its profit by producing the quantity of output at which

A)market price equals average fixed cost.
B)market price equals marginal cost.
C)average variable cost equals average fixed cost.
D)market price equals minimum average variable cost.
E)market price equals marginal revenue.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average fixed cost of producing the 4th balloon is</strong> A)$4.30. B)$4.80. C)$4.70. D)$4.50. E)$1.00. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average fixed cost of producing the 4th balloon is

A)$4.30.
B)$4.80.
C)$4.70.
D)$4.50.
E)$1.00.
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3 which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average variable cost of producing the 1st balloon is</strong> A)$1.00 B)$4.00 C)$2.00 D)$4.80. E)$3.00 <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.3 which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average variable cost of producing the 1st balloon is

A)$1.00
B)$4.00
C)$2.00
D)$4.80.
E)$3.00
سؤال
Use the table below to answer the following question.
Table 12.2.4
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following question. Table 12.2.4     Refer to Table 12.2.4.The market is perfectly competitive and there are 1,000 firms that produce paper. The top table sets out the market demand schedule for paper. Each producer of paper has the costs shown in the bottom table when it uses its least-cost plant size. The market price is ________ a box,the market output is ________ boxes,and the output produced by each firm is ________ boxes.Each firm ________.</strong> A)$7.00;250,000;250;incurs an economic loss of $1,000 a week B)$8.40;350,000;350;makes zero economic profit C)$7.65;300,000;300;incurs an economic loss of $834 a week D)$8.40;350,000;350;incurs an economic loss of $581 a week E)$7.65;300,000;300;makes zero economic profit <div style=padding-top: 35px>
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following question. Table 12.2.4     Refer to Table 12.2.4.The market is perfectly competitive and there are 1,000 firms that produce paper. The top table sets out the market demand schedule for paper. Each producer of paper has the costs shown in the bottom table when it uses its least-cost plant size. The market price is ________ a box,the market output is ________ boxes,and the output produced by each firm is ________ boxes.Each firm ________.</strong> A)$7.00;250,000;250;incurs an economic loss of $1,000 a week B)$8.40;350,000;350;makes zero economic profit C)$7.65;300,000;300;incurs an economic loss of $834 a week D)$8.40;350,000;350;incurs an economic loss of $581 a week E)$7.65;300,000;300;makes zero economic profit <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Refer to Table 12.2.4.The market is perfectly competitive and there are 1,000 firms that produce paper.
The top table sets out the market demand schedule for paper.
Each producer of paper has the costs shown in the bottom table when it uses its least-cost plant size.
The market price is ________ a box,the market output is ________ boxes,and the output produced by each firm is ________ boxes.Each firm ________.

A)$7.00;250,000;250;incurs an economic loss of $1,000 a week
B)$8.40;350,000;350;makes zero economic profit
C)$7.65;300,000;300;incurs an economic loss of $834 a week
D)$8.40;350,000;350;incurs an economic loss of $581 a week
E)$7.65;300,000;300;makes zero economic profit
سؤال
In the price range below minimum average variable cost,a perfectly competitive firm's supply curve is

A)horizontal at the market price.
B)vertical at zero output.
C)the same as its marginal cost curve.
D)the same as its average variable cost curve.
E)none of the above.
سؤال
If a perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue is greater than its marginal cost,the firm

A)cannot increase its economic profit.
B)must be making an economic profit.
C)will decrease its output to increase economic profit.
D)will increase its output to increase economic profit.
E)will lower the price.
سؤال
If price falls below minimum average variable cost,the best a firm can do is

A)increase production and incur a loss equal to total variable cost.
B)increase production and incur a loss equal to total fixed cost.
C)stop production and incur a loss equal to total fixed cost.
D)stop production and incur a loss equal to total variable cost.
E)stay at the same production level and incur a loss equal to the difference between total cost and total revenue.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.2.2 Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is breaking even at points</strong> A)A and C. B)A and D. C)B and C. D)B and D. E)C and D. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.2.2
Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is breaking even at points

A)A and C.
B)A and D.
C)B and C.
D)B and D.
E)C and D.
سؤال
In the price range above minimum average variable cost,a perfectly competitive firm's supply curve is

A)horizontal at the market price.
B)vertical at zero output.
C)the same as its marginal cost curve.
D)the same as its average variable cost curve.
E)none of the above.
سؤال
The maximum loss a firm will experience in the short run equals

A)zero.
B)its total fixed cost.
C)its total variable cost.
D)its total cost.
E)its marginal cost.
سؤال
A perfectly competitive firm's supply curve includes its marginal cost curve at all prices above minimum

A)average total cost.
B)average fixed cost.
C)total cost.
D)average variable cost.
E)total variable cost.
سؤال
If a perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue is less than its marginal cost,the firm

A)cannot increase its economic profit.
B)must be making an economic profit.
C)should decrease its output to increase economic profit.
D)should increase its output to increase economic profit.
E)must raise the price.
سؤال
In a perfectly competitive market,the market price is $8.An individual firm is producing the output at which MC = $8.AVC at that output is $10.What should the firm do to maximize its economic profit in the short run?

A)shut down
B)expand output
C)contract output
D)leave output unchanged
E)raise the price
سؤال
If a perfectly competitive firm in the short run is able to pay its variable costs and part,but not all,of its fixed costs,then it is operating in the range on its marginal cost curve that is anywhere

A)above the break-even point.
B)below the break-even point.
C)above the shutdown point.
D)below the shutdown point.
E)between the shutdown and break-even points.
سؤال
If a perfectly competitive firm is producing in the short run at an output where price is less than average total cost,the firm

A)will shut down.
B)is breaking even.
C)is still making a positive economic profit.
D)is incurring an economic loss but will continue to operate as long as price is above minimum average fixed cost.
E)is incurring an economic loss but will continue to operate as long as price is above minimum average variable cost.
سؤال
As a firm in a perfectly competitive market increases its output,its marginal revenue ________ and its marginal cost ________.

A)increases;increases
B)increases;does not change
C)does not change;decreases
D)decreases;increases
E)does not change;increases
سؤال
A perfectly competitive firm is maximizing profit if

A)marginal cost equals price and price is not below minimum average variable cost.
B)marginal cost equals price and price is not below minimum average fixed cost.
C)total revenue is at a maximum.
D)average variable cost is at a minimum.
E)average total cost is at a minimum.
سؤال
If a perfectly competitive firm in the short run is able to pay its variable costs and all of its fixed costs and more,then it is operating in the range on its marginal cost curve that is

A)above the break-even point.
B)below the break-even point.
C)above the shutdown point.
D)below the shutdown point.
E)between the shutdown and break-even points.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.2.2 Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is incurring a loss at</strong> A)point A. B)point B. C)point C. D)point D. E)both points B and D. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.2.2
Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is incurring a loss at

A)point A.
B)point B.
C)point C.
D)point D.
E)both points B and D.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following question.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following question.   Figure 12.2.1 Refer to Figure 12.2.1,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's total revenue and total cost curves.Which one of the following statements is false?</strong> A)Economic profit is the vertical distance between the total revenue curve and the total cost curve. B)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm makes zero economic profit. C)At an output greater than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss. D)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss. E)At an output less than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.2.1
Refer to Figure 12.2.1,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's total revenue and total cost curves.Which one of the following statements is false?

A)Economic profit is the vertical distance between the total revenue curve and the total cost curve.
B)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm makes zero economic profit.
C)At an output greater than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
D)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
E)At an output less than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
سؤال
A firm is producing the profit-maximizing amount of output when it is producing where its ________ curve intersects its ________ curve.

A)marginal cost;average total cost
B)marginal cost;average variable cost
C)marginal cost;marginal revenue
D)average total cost;average variable cost
E)total cost;total revenue
سؤال
In a perfectly competitive industry,the market price is $5.An individual firm is producing the level of output where marginal cost is $5 and is increasing,and average total cost is $25.What should the firm do to maximize its economic profit in the short run?

A)shut down
B)expand output
C)contract output
D)leave output unchanged
E)insufficient information to answer
سؤال
If a perfectly competitive firm is producing an output at which price is equal to average total cost,the firm

A)should shut down.
B)is breaking even.
C)is making an economic profit.
D)is incurring an economic loss.
E)is not producing its profit-maximizing quantity.
سؤال
A firm in a perfectly competitive industry is maximizing its economic profit by producing 500 units of output.At 500 units of output,which one of the following must be false?

A)MC < AVC
B)MC < ATC
C)MC > ATC
D)MR < ATC
E)MR > AVC
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.3 Refer to Figure 12.4.3.which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market</strong> A)demand will increase. B)demand will decrease. C)supply will increase. D)supply will decrease. E)demand and market supply will both increase. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.4.3
Refer to Figure 12.4.3.which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market

A)demand will increase.
B)demand will decrease.
C)supply will increase.
D)supply will decrease.
E)demand and market supply will both increase.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.5 Refer to Figure 12.3.5,which shows the cost curves and the marginal revenue curve for a perfectly competitive firm.To maximize its profit,the firm produces ________ units of output and the price is ________ a unit.</strong> A)30;$40 B)30;$30 C)20;$40 D)20;$30 E)30;$32.50 <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.3.5
Refer to Figure 12.3.5,which shows the cost curves and the marginal revenue curve for a perfectly competitive firm.To maximize its profit,the firm produces ________ units of output and the price is ________ a unit.

A)30;$40
B)30;$30
C)20;$40
D)20;$30
E)30;$32.50
سؤال
In which one of the following situations will a perfectly competitive firm make an economic profit?

A)MR > AVC
B)MR > ATC
C)ATC > MC
D)ATC > MR
E)MC > AVC
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.1 Refer to Figure 12.4.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market</strong> A)demand will increase. B)demand will decrease. C)supply will increase. D)supply will decrease. E)supply and market demand will decrease. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.4.1
Refer to Figure 12.4.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market

A)demand will increase.
B)demand will decrease.
C)supply will increase.
D)supply will decrease.
E)supply and market demand will decrease.
سؤال
Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Fact 12.4.1
Franklin is a fiddlehead farmer.He sold 10 bags of fiddleheads last month, with total fixed cost of $100 and total variable cost of $50.
Refer to Fact 12.4.1.Suppose the price of fiddleheads is expected to stay at $10 per bag for the foreseeable future,and Franklin's production and cost figures are expected to stay the same.His total fixed cost consists entirely of rent on land,and his five-year lease on the land runs out at the end of the month.Should Franklin renew the lease?

A)Yes, because total revenue will still cover total fixed cost.
B)Yes, because total revenue will still cover total variable cost and a portion of total fixed cost.
C)No, because total revenue must cover all costs for factors of production to remain in fiddlehead farming in the long run.
D)No, because in the long run, zero economic profit is a signal to move factors of production out of fiddlehead farming.
E)Insufficient information to answer.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.2 Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market</strong> A)demand will increase. B)demand will decrease. C)supply will increase. D)supply will decrease. E)supply and market demand will decrease. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.4.2
Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market

A)demand will increase.
B)demand will decrease.
C)supply will increase.
D)supply will decrease.
E)supply and market demand will decrease.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.2 Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,</strong> A)firms that remain in the market will expand production. B)market demand will increase. C)market supply will decrease. D)firms will exit the market. E)firms that remain in the market will decrease production. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.4.2
Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,

A)firms that remain in the market will expand production.
B)market demand will increase.
C)market supply will decrease.
D)firms will exit the market.
E)firms that remain in the market will decrease production.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.3 Refer to Figure 12.3.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.The firm is</strong> A)making an economic profit. B)incurring an economic loss. C)breaking even. D)at its shutdown point. E)none of the above. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.3.3
Refer to Figure 12.3.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.The firm is

A)making an economic profit.
B)incurring an economic loss.
C)breaking even.
D)at its shutdown point.
E)none of the above.
سؤال
In a perfectly competitive market,the short-run market supply curve is

A)the horizontal sum of the supply curves of all the individual firms.
B)the vertical sum of the supply curves of all the individual firms.
C)vertical at the total level of output being produced by all firms.
D)horizontal at the current market price.
E)none of the above.
سؤال
If a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market is incurring an economic loss,then it must be producing a level of output where

A)price is greater than marginal cost.
B)price is greater than marginal revenue.
C)marginal cost is greater than marginal revenue.
D)average total cost is greater than marginal cost.
E)average total cost is less than marginal cost.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.3 Refer to Figure 12.4.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,</strong> A)firms that remain in the market will expand production. B)market demand will increase. C)firms will adopt labour-saving technology. D)industry output will remain constant. E)firms will enter the market. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.4.3
Refer to Figure 12.4.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,

A)firms that remain in the market will expand production.
B)market demand will increase.
C)firms will adopt labour-saving technology.
D)industry output will remain constant.
E)firms will enter the market.
سؤال
Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Fact 12.4.1
Franklin is a fiddlehead farmer.He sold 10 bags of fiddleheads last month, with total fixed cost of $100 and total variable cost of $50.
Refer to Fact 12.4.1.If the price of fiddleheads last month was $15 per bag,Franklin

A)should have shut down because total revenue did not cover total variable cost.
B)incurred an economic loss of $135.
C)made zero economic profit.
D)made an economic profit of $50.
E)made an economic profit of $100.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.4 Refer to Figure 12.3.4 which shows cost curves of Paul's Picture Frames Inc.The picture frame market is perfectly competitive and the market price is $30 a frame.Paul produces ________ frames each week,makes ________ of total revenue,and makes zero ________ profit</strong> A)200;$4,000;economic B)300;$9,000;normal C)200;$4,000;normal D)300;$9,000;economic E)300;$3,000;economic <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.3.4
Refer to Figure 12.3.4 which shows cost curves of Paul's Picture Frames Inc.The picture frame market is perfectly competitive and the market price is $30 a frame.Paul produces ________ frames each week,makes ________ of total revenue,and makes zero ________ profit

A)200;$4,000;economic
B)300;$9,000;normal
C)200;$4,000;normal
D)300;$9,000;economic
E)300;$3,000;economic
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.1 Refer to Figure 12.3.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,the firm will</strong> A)exit from the industry. B)break even. C)make an economic profit. D)incur an economic loss. E)close down. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.3.1
Refer to Figure 12.3.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,the firm will

A)exit from the industry.
B)break even.
C)make an economic profit.
D)incur an economic loss.
E)close down.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following question.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following question.   Figure 12.3.2 Refer to Figure 12.3.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry,The firm is</strong> A)making an economic profit. B)incurring an economic loss. C)breaking even. D)not maximizing economic profit. E)going to close down temporarily. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.3.2
Refer to Figure 12.3.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry,The firm is

A)making an economic profit.
B)incurring an economic loss.
C)breaking even.
D)not maximizing economic profit.
E)going to close down temporarily.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.1 Refer to Figure 12.4.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,</strong> A)firms that remain in the market will expand production. B)market demand will increase. C)market supply will increase. D)firms will enter the market. E)firms that remain in the market will reduce production. <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.4.1
Refer to Figure 12.4.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,

A)firms that remain in the market will expand production.
B)market demand will increase.
C)market supply will increase.
D)firms will enter the market.
E)firms that remain in the market will reduce production.
سؤال
In which one of the following situations will a perfectly competitive firm incur an economic loss?

A)MR > AVC
B)MR > ATC
C)ATC < MC
D)ATC > MR
E)MC > AVC
سؤال
If a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market is making an economic profit,then it must be producing a level of output where

A)price is greater than marginal cost.
B)price is greater than marginal revenue.
C)marginal cost is greater than marginal revenue.
D)marginal cost is greater than average total cost.
E)average total cost is greater than marginal cost.
سؤال
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.1 Refer to Figure 12.3.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,if the market price of the good is $10,the firm produces ________ units of output and ________.</strong> A)10;incurs an economic loss of $20 B)10;incurs an economic loss of $40 C)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of $20 D)10;makes an economic profit of $20 E)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of less than $20 <div style=padding-top: 35px>
Figure 12.3.1
Refer to Figure 12.3.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,if the market price of the good is $10,the firm produces ________ units of output and ________.

A)10;incurs an economic loss of $20
B)10;incurs an economic loss of $40
C)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of $20
D)10;makes an economic profit of $20
E)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of less than $20
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Deck 12: Perfect Competition
1
Assume that the leather market is a perfectly competitive market.The market demand curve for leather is ________ and each individual leather producer's demand curve is ________.

A)vertical;downward sloping
B)downward sloping;horizontal
C)downward sloping;vertical
D)horizontal;horizontal
E)horizontal;downward sloping
downward sloping;horizontal
2
For perfect competition to arise,it is necessary that market demand be

A)inelastic.
B)elastic.
C)perfectly elastic.
D)large relative to the minimum efficient scale of a single firm.
E)small relative to the minimum efficient scale of a single firm.
large relative to the minimum efficient scale of a single firm.
3
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.1.1 Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A is a straight line because the firm</strong> A)is a price taker. B)faces constant returns to scale. C)wants to maximize profits. D)has perfect information. E)has constant marginal cost.
Figure 12.1.1
Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A is a straight line because the firm

A)is a price taker.
B)faces constant returns to scale.
C)wants to maximize profits.
D)has perfect information.
E)has constant marginal cost.
is a price taker.
4
An example of a perfectly competitive industry is the

A)airline industry.
B)beer industry.
C)running shoe industry.
D)fast food industry.
E)wheat industry.
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5
In a perfectly competitive market,the market demand curve is illustrated by

A)a downward-sloping curve.
B)a line that is vertical at the market output.
C)an upward-sloping curve.
D)a line that is horizontal at the market price.
E)a curve that is bowed towards the origin.
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6
Marginal revenue is

A)the change in total quantity that results from a one-unit increase in the price of the good.
B)the change in total revenue that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity sold.
C)economic profit divided by the quantity sold.
D)the change in economic profit that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity sold.
E)total revenue minus total cost.
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7
A price taker is a firm that

A)must lower its price if it wants to sell more output.
B)sets the market price.
C)cannot influence the market price.
D)is incurring an economic loss.
E)can raise its price if it lowers output.
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8
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.1.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.1.1   Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 6 units of output,marginal revenue is</strong> A)$15. B)$30. C)$75. D)$90. E)$105.
Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 6 units of output,marginal revenue is

A)$15.
B)$30.
C)$75.
D)$90.
E)$105.
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9
Lin's fortune cookies are identical to the fortune cookies made by dozens of other firms,and there is free entry in the fortune cookie market.Buyers and sellers are well informed about prices.Lin's fortune cookies operates in a ________ market.

A)challenging
B)monopolistic
C)perfectly competitive
D)noncompetitive
E)perfectly competent
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10
If a firm faces a perfectly elastic demand for its product,then

A)it is not a price taker.
B)it will want to lower its price to increase sales.
C)it will want to raise its price to increase total revenue.
D)its marginal revenue curve is horizontal at the market price.
E)it will always make zero economic profit.
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11
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.1.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.1.1   Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the quantity sold by the firm rises from 5 to 6,marginal revenue is</strong> A)$15. B)$30. C)$75. D)$90. E)$105.
Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the quantity sold by the firm rises from 5 to 6,marginal revenue is

A)$15.
B)$30.
C)$75.
D)$90.
E)$105.
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12
A price-taking firm faces a

A)perfectly inelastic demand.
B)downward-sloping marginal revenue curve.
C)downward-sloping supply curve.
D)perfectly elastic demand.
E)downward-sloping demand curve.
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13
Lin's fortune cookies are identical to the fortune cookies made by dozens of other firms,and there is free entry in the fortune cookie market.Buyers and sellers are well informed about prices.The price of a fortune cookie is determined by ________.The marginal revenue of a fortune cookie equals ________.

A)market demand and market supply;price
B)the ingredients that Lin's uses to produce his fortune cookies;average total cost
C)the number of cookies that Lin's produces;average variable cost
D)the freshness of the fortune cookies;average fixed cost
E)market demand and market supply;the price elasticity of demand
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14
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.1.1 Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A represents the firm's</strong> A)total fixed cost curve. B)average fixed cost curve. C)average variable cost curve. D)total revenue curve. E)marginal revenue curve.
Figure 12.1.1
Refer to Figure 12.1.1.The firm competes in a perfectly competitive market.Curve A represents the firm's

A)total fixed cost curve.
B)average fixed cost curve.
C)average variable cost curve.
D)total revenue curve.
E)marginal revenue curve.
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15
Which one of the following does not occur in perfect competition?

A)No single firm can exert a significant influence on the market price of the good.
B)There are many buyers.
C)There are significant restrictions on entry into the market.
D)Sellers and buyers are well informed about prices.
E)Established firms have no advantage over new ones.
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16
Economic profit equals

A)total fixed cost plus total variable cost.
B)total revenue minus marginal cost.
C)marginal revenue minus marginal cost.
D)total revenue minus total cost.
E)total revenue minus total variable cost.
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17
Perfect competition occurs in a market where there are many firms,each selling

A)an identical product.
B)a similar product.
C)a unique product.
D)a capital-intensive product.
E)a competitive product.
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18
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.1.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.1.1   Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 5 units of output,total revenue is</strong> A)$15. B)$30. C)$75. D)$90. E)$105.
Refer to Table 12.1.1 which gives the demand schedule for a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm sells 5 units of output,total revenue is

A)$15.
B)$30.
C)$75.
D)$90.
E)$105.
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19
A perfectly competitive market is characterized by

A)firms that are price setters.
B)firms that each face a downward-sloping demand curve.
C)firms that each sell a unique good or service.
D)buyers who are unaware of the price charged by each firm.
E)no restrictions on entry into the market.
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20
The slope of a perfectly competitive firm's demand curve is

A)infinity.
B)zero.
C)1.
D)greater than 1.
E)negative.
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21
Suppose a firm is trying to decide whether or not to temporarily shut down to minimize total loss.If price equals average variable cost,then

A)total revenue equals total fixed cost, and the loss equals total variable cost.
B)total revenue equals total variable cost, and the loss equals total fixed cost.
C)total fixed cost is zero.
D)total variable cost equals total fixed cost.
E)total cost equals total variable cost.
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22
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.Economic profit is maximized when the firm produces ________ units of output.</strong> A)zero B)7 C)3 D)6 E)5
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.Economic profit is maximized when the firm produces ________ units of output.

A)zero
B)7
C)3
D)6
E)5
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23
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The short-run equilibrium price of one unit of the good is</strong> A)$3. B)$10. C)$15. D)$25. E)$30.
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The short-run equilibrium price of one unit of the good is

A)$3.
B)$10.
C)$15.
D)$25.
E)$30.
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24
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.Brenda's total fixed cost is</strong> A)$3 an hour. B)$4 an hour. C)$7 an hour. D)$29 an hour. E)zero.
Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.Brenda's total fixed cost is

A)$3 an hour.
B)$4 an hour.
C)$7 an hour.
D)$29 an hour.
E)zero.
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25
A firm that temporarily shuts down and produces no output incurs a loss equal to its

A)total fixed cost.
B)total variable cost.
C)marginal cost.
D)marginal revenue.
E)average total cost.
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26
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 3 units of output,it will</strong> A)make an economic profit of $4. B)make an economic profit of $90. C)incur an economic loss of $4. D)break even. E)incur an economic loss of $86.
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 3 units of output,it will

A)make an economic profit of $4.
B)make an economic profit of $90.
C)incur an economic loss of $4.
D)break even.
E)incur an economic loss of $86.
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27
When a firm is a "price taker," the firm

A)can charge any price that it wants to charge, that is, "take" any price it chooses.
B)pays a fixed price for all of its fixed inputs.
C)will accept ("take")the lowest price that its customers offer.
D)pays a fixed price for all of its variable inputs.
E)cannot influence the market price of the good that it sells.
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28
The shutdown point occurs at the point of minimum

A)marginal cost.
B)average variable cost.
C)average fixed cost.
D)total cost.
E)average total cost.
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29
A firm shuts down if price is

A)above minimum average variable cost.
B)below minimum average variable cost.
C)above minimum average fixed cost.
D)less than marginal cost.
E)below average total cost.
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30
A firm will shut down temporarily when the price is so low that total revenue is insufficient to cover the

A)total cost of production.
B)total variable cost of production.
C)total fixed cost of production.
D)marginal cost of production.
E)none of the above.
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31
A firm maximizes profit by producing the output at which marginal cost equals

A)marginal revenue.
B)average total cost.
C)average variable cost.
D)average fixed cost.
E)total revenue.
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32
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.2
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.2   Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If the price of a pizza is $7,what is Chip's profit-maximizing output per hour?</strong> A)zero pizzas B)1 pizza C)2 pizzas D)3 pizzas E)4 pizzas
Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If the price of a pizza is $7,what is Chip's profit-maximizing output per hour?

A)zero pizzas
B)1 pizza
C)2 pizzas
D)3 pizzas
E)4 pizzas
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33
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 2 units of output,it</strong> A)makes an economic profit of $9. B)makes an economic profit of $60. C)incurs an economic loss of $9. D)incurs an economic loss of $60. E)incurs an economic loss of $69.
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.If the firm produces 2 units of output,it

A)makes an economic profit of $9.
B)makes an economic profit of $60.
C)incurs an economic loss of $9.
D)incurs an economic loss of $60.
E)incurs an economic loss of $69.
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34
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.2
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.2   Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If Chip shuts down in the short run,his total cost is</strong> A)$0. B)$10 an hour. C)$12 an hour. D)$22 an hour. E)$40 an hour.
Refer to Table 12.2.2,which gives the total cost schedule for Chip's Pizza Palace,a perfectly competitive firm.If Chip shuts down in the short run,his total cost is

A)$0.
B)$10 an hour.
C)$12 an hour.
D)$22 an hour.
E)$40 an hour.
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35
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 balloons an hour to 5 balloons an hour is</strong> A)$1. B)$4.50. C)$4.70. D)$4.80. E)$4.40.
Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 balloons an hour to 5 balloons an hour is

A)$1.
B)$4.50.
C)$4.70.
D)$4.80.
E)$4.40.
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36
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal revenue received from the sale of the 4th unit of output is</strong> A)$3. B)$15. C)$10. D)$120. E)$30.
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal revenue received from the sale of the 4th unit of output is

A)$3.
B)$15.
C)$10.
D)$120.
E)$30.
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37
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.1
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.1   Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 units to 5 units is</strong> A)$14. B)$128. C)$100. D)$25. E)$30.
Refer to Table 12.2.1,which gives the total revenue schedule and total cost schedule of a perfectly competitive firm.The marginal cost of increasing production from 4 units to 5 units is

A)$14.
B)$128.
C)$100.
D)$25.
E)$30.
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38
In a perfectly competitive market,a firm maximizes its profit by producing the quantity of output at which

A)market price equals average fixed cost.
B)market price equals marginal cost.
C)average variable cost equals average fixed cost.
D)market price equals minimum average variable cost.
E)market price equals marginal revenue.
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39
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average fixed cost of producing the 4th balloon is</strong> A)$4.30. B)$4.80. C)$4.70. D)$4.50. E)$1.00.
Refer to Table 12.2.3,which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average fixed cost of producing the 4th balloon is

A)$4.30.
B)$4.80.
C)$4.70.
D)$4.50.
E)$1.00.
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40
Use the table below to answer the following questions.
Table 12.2.3
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following questions. Table 12.2.3   Refer to Table 12.2.3 which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average variable cost of producing the 1st balloon is</strong> A)$1.00 B)$4.00 C)$2.00 D)$4.80. E)$3.00
Refer to Table 12.2.3 which gives the total cost schedule for Brenda's Balloon Shop,a perfectly competitive firm.The average variable cost of producing the 1st balloon is

A)$1.00
B)$4.00
C)$2.00
D)$4.80.
E)$3.00
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41
Use the table below to answer the following question.
Table 12.2.4
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following question. Table 12.2.4     Refer to Table 12.2.4.The market is perfectly competitive and there are 1,000 firms that produce paper. The top table sets out the market demand schedule for paper. Each producer of paper has the costs shown in the bottom table when it uses its least-cost plant size. The market price is ________ a box,the market output is ________ boxes,and the output produced by each firm is ________ boxes.Each firm ________.</strong> A)$7.00;250,000;250;incurs an economic loss of $1,000 a week B)$8.40;350,000;350;makes zero economic profit C)$7.65;300,000;300;incurs an economic loss of $834 a week D)$8.40;350,000;350;incurs an economic loss of $581 a week E)$7.65;300,000;300;makes zero economic profit
<strong>Use the table below to answer the following question. Table 12.2.4     Refer to Table 12.2.4.The market is perfectly competitive and there are 1,000 firms that produce paper. The top table sets out the market demand schedule for paper. Each producer of paper has the costs shown in the bottom table when it uses its least-cost plant size. The market price is ________ a box,the market output is ________ boxes,and the output produced by each firm is ________ boxes.Each firm ________.</strong> A)$7.00;250,000;250;incurs an economic loss of $1,000 a week B)$8.40;350,000;350;makes zero economic profit C)$7.65;300,000;300;incurs an economic loss of $834 a week D)$8.40;350,000;350;incurs an economic loss of $581 a week E)$7.65;300,000;300;makes zero economic profit
Refer to Table 12.2.4.The market is perfectly competitive and there are 1,000 firms that produce paper.
The top table sets out the market demand schedule for paper.
Each producer of paper has the costs shown in the bottom table when it uses its least-cost plant size.
The market price is ________ a box,the market output is ________ boxes,and the output produced by each firm is ________ boxes.Each firm ________.

A)$7.00;250,000;250;incurs an economic loss of $1,000 a week
B)$8.40;350,000;350;makes zero economic profit
C)$7.65;300,000;300;incurs an economic loss of $834 a week
D)$8.40;350,000;350;incurs an economic loss of $581 a week
E)$7.65;300,000;300;makes zero economic profit
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42
In the price range below minimum average variable cost,a perfectly competitive firm's supply curve is

A)horizontal at the market price.
B)vertical at zero output.
C)the same as its marginal cost curve.
D)the same as its average variable cost curve.
E)none of the above.
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43
If a perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue is greater than its marginal cost,the firm

A)cannot increase its economic profit.
B)must be making an economic profit.
C)will decrease its output to increase economic profit.
D)will increase its output to increase economic profit.
E)will lower the price.
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44
If price falls below minimum average variable cost,the best a firm can do is

A)increase production and incur a loss equal to total variable cost.
B)increase production and incur a loss equal to total fixed cost.
C)stop production and incur a loss equal to total fixed cost.
D)stop production and incur a loss equal to total variable cost.
E)stay at the same production level and incur a loss equal to the difference between total cost and total revenue.
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45
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.2.2 Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is breaking even at points</strong> A)A and C. B)A and D. C)B and C. D)B and D. E)C and D.
Figure 12.2.2
Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is breaking even at points

A)A and C.
B)A and D.
C)B and C.
D)B and D.
E)C and D.
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46
In the price range above minimum average variable cost,a perfectly competitive firm's supply curve is

A)horizontal at the market price.
B)vertical at zero output.
C)the same as its marginal cost curve.
D)the same as its average variable cost curve.
E)none of the above.
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47
The maximum loss a firm will experience in the short run equals

A)zero.
B)its total fixed cost.
C)its total variable cost.
D)its total cost.
E)its marginal cost.
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48
A perfectly competitive firm's supply curve includes its marginal cost curve at all prices above minimum

A)average total cost.
B)average fixed cost.
C)total cost.
D)average variable cost.
E)total variable cost.
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49
If a perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue is less than its marginal cost,the firm

A)cannot increase its economic profit.
B)must be making an economic profit.
C)should decrease its output to increase economic profit.
D)should increase its output to increase economic profit.
E)must raise the price.
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50
In a perfectly competitive market,the market price is $8.An individual firm is producing the output at which MC = $8.AVC at that output is $10.What should the firm do to maximize its economic profit in the short run?

A)shut down
B)expand output
C)contract output
D)leave output unchanged
E)raise the price
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51
If a perfectly competitive firm in the short run is able to pay its variable costs and part,but not all,of its fixed costs,then it is operating in the range on its marginal cost curve that is anywhere

A)above the break-even point.
B)below the break-even point.
C)above the shutdown point.
D)below the shutdown point.
E)between the shutdown and break-even points.
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52
If a perfectly competitive firm is producing in the short run at an output where price is less than average total cost,the firm

A)will shut down.
B)is breaking even.
C)is still making a positive economic profit.
D)is incurring an economic loss but will continue to operate as long as price is above minimum average fixed cost.
E)is incurring an economic loss but will continue to operate as long as price is above minimum average variable cost.
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53
As a firm in a perfectly competitive market increases its output,its marginal revenue ________ and its marginal cost ________.

A)increases;increases
B)increases;does not change
C)does not change;decreases
D)decreases;increases
E)does not change;increases
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54
A perfectly competitive firm is maximizing profit if

A)marginal cost equals price and price is not below minimum average variable cost.
B)marginal cost equals price and price is not below minimum average fixed cost.
C)total revenue is at a maximum.
D)average variable cost is at a minimum.
E)average total cost is at a minimum.
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55
If a perfectly competitive firm in the short run is able to pay its variable costs and all of its fixed costs and more,then it is operating in the range on its marginal cost curve that is

A)above the break-even point.
B)below the break-even point.
C)above the shutdown point.
D)below the shutdown point.
E)between the shutdown and break-even points.
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56
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.2.2 Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is incurring a loss at</strong> A)point A. B)point B. C)point C. D)point D. E)both points B and D.
Figure 12.2.2
Refer to Figure 12.2.2,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's economic profit and loss.The firm is incurring a loss at

A)point A.
B)point B.
C)point C.
D)point D.
E)both points B and D.
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57
Use the figure below to answer the following question.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following question.   Figure 12.2.1 Refer to Figure 12.2.1,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's total revenue and total cost curves.Which one of the following statements is false?</strong> A)Economic profit is the vertical distance between the total revenue curve and the total cost curve. B)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm makes zero economic profit. C)At an output greater than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss. D)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss. E)At an output less than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
Figure 12.2.1
Refer to Figure 12.2.1,which shows a perfectly competitive firm's total revenue and total cost curves.Which one of the following statements is false?

A)Economic profit is the vertical distance between the total revenue curve and the total cost curve.
B)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm makes zero economic profit.
C)At an output greater than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
D)At an output of Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
E)At an output less than Q? units a day, the firm incurs an economic loss.
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58
A firm is producing the profit-maximizing amount of output when it is producing where its ________ curve intersects its ________ curve.

A)marginal cost;average total cost
B)marginal cost;average variable cost
C)marginal cost;marginal revenue
D)average total cost;average variable cost
E)total cost;total revenue
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59
In a perfectly competitive industry,the market price is $5.An individual firm is producing the level of output where marginal cost is $5 and is increasing,and average total cost is $25.What should the firm do to maximize its economic profit in the short run?

A)shut down
B)expand output
C)contract output
D)leave output unchanged
E)insufficient information to answer
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60
If a perfectly competitive firm is producing an output at which price is equal to average total cost,the firm

A)should shut down.
B)is breaking even.
C)is making an economic profit.
D)is incurring an economic loss.
E)is not producing its profit-maximizing quantity.
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61
A firm in a perfectly competitive industry is maximizing its economic profit by producing 500 units of output.At 500 units of output,which one of the following must be false?

A)MC < AVC
B)MC < ATC
C)MC > ATC
D)MR < ATC
E)MR > AVC
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62
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.3 Refer to Figure 12.4.3.which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market</strong> A)demand will increase. B)demand will decrease. C)supply will increase. D)supply will decrease. E)demand and market supply will both increase.
Figure 12.4.3
Refer to Figure 12.4.3.which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market

A)demand will increase.
B)demand will decrease.
C)supply will increase.
D)supply will decrease.
E)demand and market supply will both increase.
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63
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.5 Refer to Figure 12.3.5,which shows the cost curves and the marginal revenue curve for a perfectly competitive firm.To maximize its profit,the firm produces ________ units of output and the price is ________ a unit.</strong> A)30;$40 B)30;$30 C)20;$40 D)20;$30 E)30;$32.50
Figure 12.3.5
Refer to Figure 12.3.5,which shows the cost curves and the marginal revenue curve for a perfectly competitive firm.To maximize its profit,the firm produces ________ units of output and the price is ________ a unit.

A)30;$40
B)30;$30
C)20;$40
D)20;$30
E)30;$32.50
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64
In which one of the following situations will a perfectly competitive firm make an economic profit?

A)MR > AVC
B)MR > ATC
C)ATC > MC
D)ATC > MR
E)MC > AVC
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65
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.1 Refer to Figure 12.4.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market</strong> A)demand will increase. B)demand will decrease. C)supply will increase. D)supply will decrease. E)supply and market demand will decrease.
Figure 12.4.1
Refer to Figure 12.4.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market

A)demand will increase.
B)demand will decrease.
C)supply will increase.
D)supply will decrease.
E)supply and market demand will decrease.
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66
Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Fact 12.4.1
Franklin is a fiddlehead farmer.He sold 10 bags of fiddleheads last month, with total fixed cost of $100 and total variable cost of $50.
Refer to Fact 12.4.1.Suppose the price of fiddleheads is expected to stay at $10 per bag for the foreseeable future,and Franklin's production and cost figures are expected to stay the same.His total fixed cost consists entirely of rent on land,and his five-year lease on the land runs out at the end of the month.Should Franklin renew the lease?

A)Yes, because total revenue will still cover total fixed cost.
B)Yes, because total revenue will still cover total variable cost and a portion of total fixed cost.
C)No, because total revenue must cover all costs for factors of production to remain in fiddlehead farming in the long run.
D)No, because in the long run, zero economic profit is a signal to move factors of production out of fiddlehead farming.
E)Insufficient information to answer.
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67
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.2 Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market</strong> A)demand will increase. B)demand will decrease. C)supply will increase. D)supply will decrease. E)supply and market demand will decrease.
Figure 12.4.2
Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,market

A)demand will increase.
B)demand will decrease.
C)supply will increase.
D)supply will decrease.
E)supply and market demand will decrease.
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68
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.2 Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,</strong> A)firms that remain in the market will expand production. B)market demand will increase. C)market supply will decrease. D)firms will exit the market. E)firms that remain in the market will decrease production.
Figure 12.4.2
Refer to Figure 12.4.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,

A)firms that remain in the market will expand production.
B)market demand will increase.
C)market supply will decrease.
D)firms will exit the market.
E)firms that remain in the market will decrease production.
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69
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.3 Refer to Figure 12.3.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.The firm is</strong> A)making an economic profit. B)incurring an economic loss. C)breaking even. D)at its shutdown point. E)none of the above.
Figure 12.3.3
Refer to Figure 12.3.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.The firm is

A)making an economic profit.
B)incurring an economic loss.
C)breaking even.
D)at its shutdown point.
E)none of the above.
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70
In a perfectly competitive market,the short-run market supply curve is

A)the horizontal sum of the supply curves of all the individual firms.
B)the vertical sum of the supply curves of all the individual firms.
C)vertical at the total level of output being produced by all firms.
D)horizontal at the current market price.
E)none of the above.
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71
If a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market is incurring an economic loss,then it must be producing a level of output where

A)price is greater than marginal cost.
B)price is greater than marginal revenue.
C)marginal cost is greater than marginal revenue.
D)average total cost is greater than marginal cost.
E)average total cost is less than marginal cost.
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72
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.3 Refer to Figure 12.4.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,</strong> A)firms that remain in the market will expand production. B)market demand will increase. C)firms will adopt labour-saving technology. D)industry output will remain constant. E)firms will enter the market.
Figure 12.4.3
Refer to Figure 12.4.3 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,

A)firms that remain in the market will expand production.
B)market demand will increase.
C)firms will adopt labour-saving technology.
D)industry output will remain constant.
E)firms will enter the market.
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73
Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Fact 12.4.1
Franklin is a fiddlehead farmer.He sold 10 bags of fiddleheads last month, with total fixed cost of $100 and total variable cost of $50.
Refer to Fact 12.4.1.If the price of fiddleheads last month was $15 per bag,Franklin

A)should have shut down because total revenue did not cover total variable cost.
B)incurred an economic loss of $135.
C)made zero economic profit.
D)made an economic profit of $50.
E)made an economic profit of $100.
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74
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.4 Refer to Figure 12.3.4 which shows cost curves of Paul's Picture Frames Inc.The picture frame market is perfectly competitive and the market price is $30 a frame.Paul produces ________ frames each week,makes ________ of total revenue,and makes zero ________ profit</strong> A)200;$4,000;economic B)300;$9,000;normal C)200;$4,000;normal D)300;$9,000;economic E)300;$3,000;economic
Figure 12.3.4
Refer to Figure 12.3.4 which shows cost curves of Paul's Picture Frames Inc.The picture frame market is perfectly competitive and the market price is $30 a frame.Paul produces ________ frames each week,makes ________ of total revenue,and makes zero ________ profit

A)200;$4,000;economic
B)300;$9,000;normal
C)200;$4,000;normal
D)300;$9,000;economic
E)300;$3,000;economic
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75
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.1 Refer to Figure 12.3.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,the firm will</strong> A)exit from the industry. B)break even. C)make an economic profit. D)incur an economic loss. E)close down.
Figure 12.3.1
Refer to Figure 12.3.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,the firm will

A)exit from the industry.
B)break even.
C)make an economic profit.
D)incur an economic loss.
E)close down.
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76
Use the figure below to answer the following question.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following question.   Figure 12.3.2 Refer to Figure 12.3.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry,The firm is</strong> A)making an economic profit. B)incurring an economic loss. C)breaking even. D)not maximizing economic profit. E)going to close down temporarily.
Figure 12.3.2
Refer to Figure 12.3.2 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry,The firm is

A)making an economic profit.
B)incurring an economic loss.
C)breaking even.
D)not maximizing economic profit.
E)going to close down temporarily.
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77
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.4.1 Refer to Figure 12.4.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,</strong> A)firms that remain in the market will expand production. B)market demand will increase. C)market supply will increase. D)firms will enter the market. E)firms that remain in the market will reduce production.
Figure 12.4.1
Refer to Figure 12.4.1 which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive market.In the long run,

A)firms that remain in the market will expand production.
B)market demand will increase.
C)market supply will increase.
D)firms will enter the market.
E)firms that remain in the market will reduce production.
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78
In which one of the following situations will a perfectly competitive firm incur an economic loss?

A)MR > AVC
B)MR > ATC
C)ATC < MC
D)ATC > MR
E)MC > AVC
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79
If a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market is making an economic profit,then it must be producing a level of output where

A)price is greater than marginal cost.
B)price is greater than marginal revenue.
C)marginal cost is greater than marginal revenue.
D)marginal cost is greater than average total cost.
E)average total cost is greater than marginal cost.
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80
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
<strong>Use the figure below to answer the following questions.   Figure 12.3.1 Refer to Figure 12.3.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,if the market price of the good is $10,the firm produces ________ units of output and ________.</strong> A)10;incurs an economic loss of $20 B)10;incurs an economic loss of $40 C)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of $20 D)10;makes an economic profit of $20 E)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of less than $20
Figure 12.3.1
Refer to Figure 12.3.1,which shows the cost curves and marginal revenue curve of a firm in a perfectly competitive industry.In the short run,if the market price of the good is $10,the firm produces ________ units of output and ________.

A)10;incurs an economic loss of $20
B)10;incurs an economic loss of $40
C)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of $20
D)10;makes an economic profit of $20
E)less than 10;incurs an economic loss of less than $20
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