Deck 15: Nutrition From Infancy Through Adolescence

Question 1

A 3-month-old infant is taken to a clinic with failure to thrive. What are two possible explanations?

Answer 1

The primary basis of growth of an infant is nutrition. With proper nutrition even low birth weight (LBW) and preterm infants can catch-up growth to normal healthy levels. When nutrition is declined to the infant, it can overtime reach a stage where the survival of the infant could be in danger.
For the 3-month infant, a failure to thrive points directly to a lack in nutrition. There could be two possible explanations for this situation. Firstly, this could be due to in an internal factor obstructing the nutrition of the infant such as some deformity in the infant like poor oral cavity development. Alternatively, it could also be due to an external factor that occludes proper nutrition to the child such as problems with breastfeeding.

Question 2

List evidence-based strategies to reduce the risk of food allergies in infants.

Answer 2

Allergy is a hypersensitive reaction that takes place if any foreign particle enters the body. It damages the immune system by a food, pollen, or through dust particles. This results in itching, rashes, or nausea after having a food that is allergen to the body.
Food allergy can be prevented by:
• Introducing new food to an infant after 4 months of birth.
• Avoid eating allergen foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Introducing solid food after 6 th month for infant.

Question 3

Explain the connections between nutrition and oral health. List three ways to reduce risk for dental caries with healthy eating habits.

Answer 3

Proper diet along with the pediatric dental care prevents the risk of dental caries in children.
The following diet and precautions should be followed to prevent dental caries.
• Drink fluoridated water after sipping juices or sugars.
• Snack in moderating as they promote cavities.
• Wise choice of snacks like apples, celery can help brush away sticky food.• Using sugarless gums.

Question 4

To ensure adequate vitamin and mineral intake for a picky eater,
a. provide a fortified breakfast cereal.
b. promise dessert as a reward for eating meats and vegetables.
c. use a multivitamin and mineral supplement.
d. None of the above.

Question 5

How do health care providers assess growth?

Question 6

What is autism spectrum disorder? What are the nutrition concerns of children with ASD?

Question 7

Which two nutrients are of particular concern in planning diets for teenagers? Why does each deserve to be singled out?

Question 8

Define childhood overweight and obesity in terms of BMI-for-age.

Question 9

Provide an example of a meal that resembles MyPlate and is appropriate for a 7-year-old child.

Question 10

An 11-month-old girl who weighs 19 pounds needs approximately ____ kcal per day.

A) 690
B) 810
C) 845
D) 930

Question 11

If a female adolescent is short for her age due to a brief period of undernutrition between ages 10 to 12, can she catch up in growth after proper nutrition is restored? Why or why not?

Question 12

List three lifestyle changes to reduce childhood obesity. In what big way do weight management strategies for children differ from those for adults?

Question 13

List three nutrients of concern for a child who chooses a vegetarian lifestyle.

Question 14

What is failure to thrive? List some possible causes.

Question 15

Describe appropriate beverage choices for school-age children. What are the implications of excessively consuming sugar-sweetened beverages?

Question 16

Introduction of cow's milk should be delayed until 12 months of age because it
a. contains too much fat.
b. supplies too much lactose.
c. contains too much protein.
d. All of the above.

Question 17

Using the EER equations listed in Table 19-2, calculate the calorie needs of a healthy 4-month-old infant who weighs 15 pounds (6.8 kilograms).

Question 18

Tim refuses to eat breakfast before school. He doesn't like cereal, toast, or any of the other usual breakfast foods. What can Tim's parents do to ensure that he eats nutritious foods before leaving for school?

Question 19

Outline three key factors that help determine when to introduce solid foods into an infant's diet.

Question 20

Why is unaltered cow's milk NOT recommended for infant feeding?

Question 21

Which two minerals are most likely to be deficient in teen diets? Exemplify two rich food sources of each of these minerals that could help teenagers meet their nutrient needs.

Question 22

Question 23

Do infants require any supplemental vitamins or minerals? If so, which ones? What is the rationale for their use?

Question 24

Design a meal for a teen that resembles MyPlate and can be purchased from a fast-food restaurant.

Question 25

Compare the guidelines for infant feeding summarized in Chapter 18 with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for children over age 2 and adults discussed in Chapter 2. Which guidelines are similar? Do any contradict each other? If so, why? (LO 18.2)

Question 26

You are planning a family trip to the zoo on a hot summer day. How can you keep your 3-month-old baby from becoming dehydrated?

Question 27

Are energy drinks safe for consumption by children of any age? Why or why not?

Question 28

Which of the following are benefits of consuming a fortified, ready-to-eat breakfast cereal instead of skipping breakfast?
a. Improved academic performance
b. Meeting RDAs for iron and calcium
c. Lower risk for childhood obesity
d. All of the above.

Question 29

List three similarities between human milk and infant formula. List three differences.

Question 30

List three consequences of alcohol abuse that are specific to adolescents.

Question 31

Describe three pros and cons of snacking. What is the basic advice for healthful snacking from childhood through the teenage years?

Question 32

Describe four ways to assess an infant's readiness for solid foods.

Question 33

Question 34

Excessive intake of added sugars becomes common in late infancy. Describe several ways to limit intake of added sugars in an infant's diet.

Question 35

List three reasons why preschoolers are noted for "picky" eating. For each, describe an appropriate parent response.

Question 36

List three foods to avoid giving to infants during the first year of life.

Question 37

Answers to the following multiple choice question are below. Inadequate intake of which of the following results in poor growth?

A) calories
B) iron
C) zinc
D) All of the above.

Question 38

For treatment of overweight, school-age children should
a. eat fewer meals.
b. follow a low-carbohydrate eating plan.
c. exercise for 60 minutes per day or more.
d. avoid dairy products.

Question 39

Picky eating is a common complaint among parents of preschoolers. Why is picky eating common at this age? Provide three or more suggestions to help a preschooler choose nutritious foods.

Question 40

List two factors that limit "catch-up" growth in adulthood when a nutrientdeficient diet has been consumed throughout childhood.

Question 41

What three factors are likely to contribute to obesity in a typical 10-year-old child?

Question 42

How often do preschoolers need to eat throughout the day? List three nutrient-dense snack ideas that would be appropriate for a 3-year-old child.

Question 43

Answers to the following multiple choice question are below. Milk is a nutrient-dense source of all of the following except

A) protein.
B) iron.
C) calcium.
D) zinc.

Question 44

Answers to the following multiple choice question are below. You are trying to introduce an apple and blueberry puree to a seven-month-old infant, but she rejects it. What should you do?

A) assume she doesn't like apples and blueberries
B) offer the food again on another day
C) force a spoonful into her mouth
D) None of the above.

Question 45

Should toddlers and preschoolers take a multivitamin and mineral supplement? Why or why not?