Deck 12: Corrections for Juveniles

Question 1

In the 1990s, many of the themes of reform in adult corrections since the 1970s were replayed in the juvenile justice arena.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Compared with group homes, reform schools and training schools offer far less freedom to the child placed within them.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In Roper v. Simmons, the Supreme Court established the minimum age of 16 for capital punishment cases.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Most gang members are committed to violence because they like their violent lifestyle and are not scared of being hurt.

Question 5

A delinquent is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care.

Question 6

The Puritans viewed the child as being evil.

Question 7

Community service and restitution have been standard juvenile court dispositions for many years.

Question 8

Juveniles who are waived may end up serving less actual time in confinement than those not waived on the same
type of offense.

Question 9

During the Crime Control Period of the juvenile justice system in America, proponents focused their efforts on rehabilitation of young offenders.

Question 10

When Americans are asked to identify the two or three most serious problems children face, they cite ________.

A) school and peers
B) drugs and peers
C) drugs and crime
D) peers and mental health

Question 11

According to the FBI, arrest rates for juveniles are dropping significantly.

Question 12

Juvenile delinquents disproportionately suffer from learning disabilities.

Question 13

Juvenile corrections suffers from fragmentation.

Question 14

Much gang violence is drug related.

Question 15

Juvenile probation officers develop close ties with the offenders' families.

Question 16

Most juvenile crime is still minor misbehavior, not serious acts of violence that tend to dominate the news.

Question 17

The juvenile violent crime rate has increased by more than 50 percent since 1980.

Question 18

Young people who are over the age of 18 should be handled in adult court because adult court will better prevent criminality.

Question 19

Removing a young person who has committed a serious crime from the community is the most often used juvenile sanction.

Question 20

During the Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980) in the United States, civil rights movements rallied to protect the rights of juveniles.

Question 21

Offenders who offend in repetitive patterns are known as ________ offenders.

A) violent
B) chronic
C) serious
D) skilled

Question 22

The first juvenile court in the United States was established by legislative act in 1899 in what city?

A) Philadelphia
B) Boston
C) New York City
D) Chicago

Question 23

In ______________ the Court extended Roper v. Simmons to prohibit life-without-parole sentences for juveniles who do not commit homicide.

A) Miller v. Alabama
B) Graham v. Florida
C) Stanford v. Kentucky
D) Schall v. Martin

Question 24

According to evidence in juvenile justice programs, which of the following is NOT one of the effective strategies discussed in the book?

A) bootcamps
B) interventions with a "therapeutic" philosophy
C) working with high-risk youths
D) program quality

Question 25

The reduced use of confinement and focus on prevention is part of the _________ period.

A) crime control
B) juvenile rights
C) evidence­based
D) juvenile court

Question 26

Which of the following Supreme Court cases established the essentials of due process for juvenile offenders, including right to counsel, formal hearing, and cross-examination?

A) In Re Gault
B) In Re Winship
C) Breed v. Jones
D) Bell v. Abney

Question 27

During which period of juvenile corrections did reformers believe that children are helpless and in need of state intervention?

A) Puritan period
B) juvenile court period
C) juvenile rights period
D) refuge period

Question 28

In about _________ percent of juvenile criminal cases in the Unites States, jurisdiction is waived to adult court.

A) 20
B) 15
C) 5
D) 1

Question 29

Which of the main tenets of the court during the juvenile court period (1899-1960) was aimed at helping the child to develop a law-abiding lifestyle?

A) individualization
B) deterrence
C) reformation
D) informality

Question 30

According to your authors, the juvenile justice system has changed dramatically in recent decades. Currently, the juvenile justice system is in what period of development?

A) juvenile rights period
B) juvenile court period
C) crime control period
D) evidence-based period

Question 31

Juvenile probation officers' caseloads tend to be _________ than those for adult offenders.

A) slightly higher
B) lower
C) much higher
D) about the same

Question 32

The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on _______.

A) rehabilitation and punishment
B) prevention and punishment
C) rehabilitation and prevention
D) punishment only

Question 33

Programs that improve family discipline and problem solving prevent delinquency of _________.

A) boys
B) girls
C) adult females
D) adult males

Question 34

The propensity of school to reject youth who are struggling with behavioral problems has been called the __________.

A) crime train express
B) end of innocence
C) school to prison pipeline
D) main issue of juvenile justice

Question 35

A separate legal system for juveniles was established during the _________ period.

A) Juvenile Rights
B) Juvenile Court
C) Crime Control
D) Refuge

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of evidence-based practices?

A) placing more youths in boot camps.
B) limited use of detention and incarceration.
C) a focus on prevention in the community.
D) designing programs based on proven strategies.

Question 37

Juveniles tend to commit crimes _________

A) in groups
B) alone
C) at night
D) on the weekends

Question 38

A standard of "beyond a reasonable doubt" is required for delinquency matters. This standard was established in _______.

A) In Re Winship
B) In Re Gault
C) Kent v. United States
D) Roper v. Simmons

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of the crime control period?

A) emphasis on evaluating programs and policies and doing "what works"
B) a more formal system
C) increased percentage of police referrals to courts
D) youths incarcerated for longer periods

Question 40

The earliest attempt by a colony to deal with problem children was passage of which Massachusetts law?

A) Criminal Child Law
B) Delinquent Child Law
C) Stubborn Child Law
D) Antisocial Child Law

Question 41

One of the most widespread new intermediate sanctions for juvenile offenders is _________.

A) boot camp
B) house arrest
C) community work service
D) cognitive skills programming

Question 42

Federal law requires that juveniles housed in adult jails be segregated and be taken before a magistrate for an initial appearance within _________ hours of arrival in the facility.

A) 12
B) 24
C) 36
D) 72

Question 43

Since Nick was charged with the offense, he is known as the ________.

A) respondent
B) defendant
C) guilty
D) suspect

Question 44

In a court of law, what is Jordan considered?

A) neglected child
B) dependent child
C) delinquent child
D) suspected child

Question 45

Ren found that, in juvenile corrections, being "placed" or committed indicates what?

A) The juvenile was incarcerated
B) The charges were dismissed
C) The juvenile was sentenced to adult prison
D) The juvenile was sent back to his or her family

Question 46

According to the text, the everyday juvenile offender is __________.

A) unsophisticated
B) extremely violent
C) a drug addict
D) homeless

Question 47

Ren found that the latest period of juvenile corrections emphasizes _________.

A) evidence-based practices
B) crime control practices
C) juvenile rights
D) juvenile courts

Question 48

The outcome of Nick's case is known as the __________.

A) finding
B) verdict
C) sentence
D) conviction

Question 49

Foster homes, residential centers, and reform schools are examples of ________.

A) institutions for juveniles
B) employment options for juvenile offenders
C) places parents can call for advice on parenting
D) training facilities for juveniles to become more criminal

Question 50

_________ is a juvenile court procedure in which a case is either dropped or referred to programs dealing with the delinquent's educational, mental health, or social needs.

A) Aftercare
B) Diversion
C) Waiver
D) Aversion

Question 51

The term _________ refers to services provided to juveniles after they have been placed in-removed from their-home and put under some form of custodial supervision.

A) aftercare
B) diversion
C) waiver
D) aversion

Question 52

The number of probation offenders for juveniles is expected to _________ during the next decade.

A) grow
B) decline
C) stay the same
D) dramatically decrease

Question 53

Ren learned juveniles are not arrested; they are

A) detained
B) confined
C) restricted
D) captured

Question 54

Ren found that it is now easier to obtain public support for juvenile _________.

A) community corrections.
B) detention.
C) harsher punishment.
D) waivers to adult court.

Question 55

The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on rehabilitation and __________________.

Question 56

Instead of relying on the offense alone to identify the highest­risk juvenile offenders, other factors in the juvenile's history should be considered. Which of the following is NOT one of these important factors?

A) sexual activity
B) drug dealing
C) antisocial parents
D) gang membership

Question 57

The sanction the court imposed on Nick is known as the ________.

A) disposition
B) sentence
C) conviction
D) consequence

Question 58

Besides drugs, two other factors influence the level of gang violence. They are _________ and _________.

A) "turf"; race
B) age; race
C) race; criminal history
D) "turf"; young men returning from prison

Question 59

Jordan was most likely placed in _______.

A) foster care
B) a juvenile detention center
C) a treatment center
D) protective custody

Question 60

In the juvenile court, Nick is identified as a _________, not a criminal.

A) delinquent
B) bad seed
C) convict
D) trouble maker

Question 61

During the _________ period in America, the juvenile court institutionalized legal irresponsibility of the child.

Question 62

The newest programs for juveniles try to focus on at-risk youths early in their lives and provide _________ support and services devoted to diverting them from serious crime in later years.

Question 63

A(n) ____________ child is a child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care.

Question 64

The most common sanction a juvenile may receive in the United States today is _________.

Question 65

In the adult court, the person charged is called the defendant; in the juvenile system the person charged is called the
______________.

Question 66

Less dominated by _________ rules, the procedures of juvenile corrections support a degree of informality and discretionary decision making.

Question 67

Juveniles today are involved in a much smaller proportion of violent crimes than ___________ crimes.

Question 68

In the adult system, guilt is determined at a trial. In the juvenile system, guilt is determined at a
_________________.

Question 69

Young people who are of an earlier age than most serious delinquents-as young as five or six-but who have characteristics showing that they are more likely than others at their age to end up as juvenile delinquents in their teen years are called __________.

Question 70

_________ is based on the idea that each child ought to be treated as a unique person with unique circumstances.

Question 71

In the adult system, the outcome of a court case is known as a verdict. In the juvenile system it is known as a
__________.

Question 72

Juvenile probation officers are responsible for the _________ and guidance of youths under the age of 18.

Question 73

______________ was intended to move juvenile corrections away from the formality and due process requirements of the adult courtroom.

Question 74

Programs that attempt to change youthful offenders by working on their behavioral problems and thinking patterns
follow the _________ philosophy.

Question 75

Typical _________ available to the juvenile court are probation, intermediate sanctions, community programs, and out-of-home placement.

Question 76

Current juvenile justice policy emphasizes _________ from more formal consequences and processing, especially confinement.

Question 77

In the adult system, a person is charged. In the juvenile system, the juvenile is _________ to the court.

Question 78

A _________ is a procedure by which the juvenile court relinquishes its jurisdiction and transfers a juvenile case to the adult criminal court.

Question 79

A child who has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care is called a _________ child.

Question 80

_________ is the juvenile justice equivalent to adult parole.