Deck 10: Reentry Into the Community

Question 1

A risk assessment may be used to determine if an inmate is ready for release.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Reentry courts supervise ex­offenders' return to the community and their adjustment to life after incarceration.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Parole is the continuation of correctional supervision in the community.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the three concepts that comprise the foundation of parole?

A) custody
B) personal right
C) contract of consent
D) grace or privilege

Question 5

The U.S. Supreme Court requires a two-stage parole-revocation proceeding.

Question 6

Critics state that eliminating discretionary parole has had a major effect on lowering the national crime rate.

Question 7

In theory, parole boards evaluate an offender's progress toward ________ and readiness to abide by laws.

A) restoration
B) reintegration
C) rehabilitation
D) reentry

Question 8

One important effect of discretionary release is that the parole board can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.

Question 9

Parole officers do not help offenders readjust to the community.

Question 10

A key figure in developing parole in the 1800s was Sir Walter Crofton, who administered British penal colonies in Tasmania and elsewhere in the South Pacific and later in England.

Question 11

In reentry courts, judges maintain active oversight of parolees they had originally sentenced.

Question 12

Only state governments and federal governments, not local governments, implement parole.

Question 13

Historically, few changes have been made in the way offenders are released from prison.

Question 14

Overall, ex­offenders represent a greater risk to community safety than do other citizens.

Question 15

The broad discretionary power of the parole officer is disappearing.

Question 16

States retaining indeterminate sentences allow mandatory release by the parole board within the boundaries set by the sentence and the penal law.

Question 17

Currently, 30 U.S. states have some form of prerelease program designed to prepare inmates for reentry.

Question 18

Only felons are released on parole, not those convicted of misdemeanors.

Question 19

Parole in the United States evolved during the ________ century following the English, Australian, and Irish practices of conditional pardon, apprenticeship by indenture, transportation and the issuance of tickets- of-leave.

A) seventeenth
B) eighteenth
C) nineteenth
D) twentieth

Question 20

Prior criminal record is not a criteria parole boards consider.

Question 21

The Second Chance Act of 2007 is designed to assist offenders with _______.

A) successful reentry into the community
B) chemical health programming while in prison
C) the dismissal of their case
D) DNA collection

Question 22

According to your authors, home confinement falls into the category of ________ release.

A) discretionary
B) other conditional
C) expiration
D) supplementary

Question 23

An inmate's eligibility for release to community supervision depends on requirements set forth by the law and _____________.

A) correctional administration for that jurisdiction
B) sentences imposed by the court
C) correctional policies and procedure
D) parole boards

Question 24

Eligibility for an appearance before the parole board is a function of all the following items EXCEPT _______.

A) an inmate's conduct before prison
B) demographic data
C) statutory criteria
D) the individual sentence

Question 25

There are five basic mechanisms for release from prison. Which of the following is NOT one of these mechanisms?

A) expiration release
B) discretionary release
C) unconditional release
D) mandatory release

Question 26

Restrictions that parolees must legally obey after being released are referred to as ________.

A) exiting guidelines
B) conditions of release
C) parole regulations
D) postrelease policy

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of parole?

A) Release is tied to an elusive treatment success.
B) Parole increases the costs of corrections.
C) Parole boards are abusing their discretion.
D) Inmates were being held in "suspended animation."

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the major release criteria considered for a potential parolee?

A) prior criminal record
B) history of community adjustment
C) adequacy of parole plan
D) credit and driving records

Question 29

Parole officers are usually asked to play two roles: and .

A) cop; social worker
B) social worker; mentor
C) mentor; cop
D) cop; teacher

Question 30

When discretionary release is used, the parole board's power is much like that of the ________.

A) jury
B) probation officer
C) prosecutor
D) sentencing judge

Question 31

Which of the following was NOT part of Maconochie's classification for prisoners?

A) civil disabilities
B) strict imprisonment
C) labor on chain gangs
D) ticket-of-leave

Question 32

American reformers such as , of the Elmira Reformatory in New York, began to experiment with the concept of parole by releasing inmates when their conduct showed that they were ready to return to society.

A) Sir Walter Crofton
B) Alexander Maconochie
C) John Augustus
D) Zebulon Brockway

Question 33

Inmates who are released on ________ parole release no longer require further correctional supervision and cannot be returned to prison for their current offense.

A) unconditional
B) discretionary
C) expiration
D) mandatory

Question 34

Based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative programs, which of the following types of release is designed to allow the parole board to release inmates to conditional supervision in the community when they are deemed ready to live as law-abiding citizens?

A) discretionary
B) conditional
C) mandatory
D) expiration

Question 35

Which of the following men was NOT one of the early pioneers of parole?

A) Sir Walter Crofton
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) Alexander Maconochie
D) Zebulon Brockway

Question 36

Which is NOT a criteria that guides release decisions?

A) age and gender
B) insight into causes of past criminal conduct
C) history of community adjustment
D) physical, mental, and emotional health

Question 37

Inmates that have "maxed out" are released ________.

A) unconditionally
B) with conditions
C) to a local jail
D) only if they completed treatment

Question 38

A major criticism of discretionary release is that it has shifted responsibility for many primary criminal justice decisions from a to a(n) .

A) prosecutor; parole board
B) prosecutor; judge
C) judge; parole board
D) parole board; judge

Question 39

______________ release occurs when the sentencing judge requires a period of postcustody supervision in the community.

A) Unconditional
B) Discretionary
C) Probation
D) Mandatory

Question 40

For most of the twentieth century, the term ________ has referred to both a method of community supervision and a release mechanism.

A) reintegration
B) reentry
C) parole
D) probation

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT one of the frequently applied options for a parole agency to invoke when a parolee has violated the conditions of his or her release?

A) Note the violation and increase supervision instead of revocation of parole.
B) Seek advice from the sentencing judge, but have no formal revocation hearing.
C) Note the violation, but take no official action.
D) Return the parolee to prison.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding David's release?

A) He will be released unconditionally.
B) He will be released on parole.
C) He will be released on probation.
D) He will be released on pretrial status.

Question 43

How was the conviction removed from Austin's record?

A) expungement
B) expiration
C) decay
D) dissolvement

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of the measures of recidivism?

A) the time the offender spent in prison
B) the event (arrest, conviction, and parole revocation)
C) the duration of the period over which the measurement is made
D) the seriousness of the behavior

Question 45

What type of release mechanism was David released on?

A) expiration release
B) end of confinement release
C) discretionary release
D) probation release

Question 46

What was completed to determine how Anna will be supervised in the community?

A) risk assessment
B) research plan
C) development plan
D) supervision study

Question 47

After Anna returned to prison, she was again released. What type of release was this?

A) reinstatement release
B) returned release
C) lucky release
D) second chance release

Question 48

What was granted that excused Abby from her offense?

A) pardon
B) parole
C) probation
D) pass

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT one of the possible harsh realities that a newly released prisoner may face once paroled?

A) barriers to success
B) the strangeness of reentry
C) unmet personal needs
D) missing physical safety of prison

Question 50

What is TRUE about David's incarceration?

A) He "maxed out."
B) He "opted out."
C) He escaped.
D) He was granted a pardon.

Question 51

Only are released on parole.

Question 52

In response to criticism that the release decisions of parole boards are somewhat arbitrary, many states have adopted _________________.

Question 53

Qualification for parole officers varies by state, but what is usually a requirement?

A) bachelor's degree
B) past felony conviction
C) law enforcement experience
D) a law degree

Question 54

The effectiveness of corrections is usually measured by .

A) crime rates
B) rates of recidivism
C) probation rates
D) uniform crime rates

Question 55

What type of release was Anna granted?

A) discretionary release
B) expiration release
C) reinstatement release
D) required release

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of successful reentry?

A) Develop a support group with other ex­felons.
B) Get substance abuse under control.
C) Get a job.
D) Develop a support group of family and friends.

Question 57

Revocation seldom results from a single rules violation because _________.

A) prisons are far too crowded
B) there is often not enough evidence to find parolees in violation
C) parole officers don't care to violate
D) parole officers violate only offenders who commit person-related offenses

Question 58

What type of supervision was Anna on while in the community?

A) parole
B) probation
C) pretrial
D) pardon

Question 59

Parolees are aware that they must meet critical needs to make it in the community. Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of those critical needs?

A) get a job
B) get substance abuse under control
C) develop a support group
D) enroll in college classes

Question 60

________ occurs when offenders are returned to parole after serving a time in prison because of a parole violation.

Question 61

There are six basic mechanisms for ________ from prison.

Question 62

Parole officers monitor offenders' behavior to ensure that parole ________ are met.

Question 63

Parole can be revoked for two reasons: (1) ________________ and (2) ________________.

Question 64

A(n) ________ is an official action of the executive branch of the state or federal government excusing an offense and absolving the offender from the consequences of the crime.

Question 65

for parole officers vary by state.

Question 66

Participation in vocational and educational programs in prisons has been ________ over the past decade.

Question 67

Expungement is a legal process that results in the ________ of a conviction from official records.

Question 68

________ release occurs after an inmate has served time equal to the total sentence minus good time, or to a certain percentage of the total sentence as defined by law.

Question 69

A(n) ________ assessment is used to help determine if an inmate is ready for release.

Question 70

________ is a legal process that results in the removal of a conviction from official records.

Question 71

When release is ________, the parole board's power is much like that of the sentencing judge.

Question 72

The release of an inmate from incarceration to postcustody supervision is known as ________ release.

Question 73

Unlike probation officers, who are generally employed by the county, parole officers are employed by the
_________.

Question 74

The Act of 2007 is a federal law that was enacted to ensure the successful return of prisoners to the community.

Question 75

Parolees are aware that they must meet critical to make it on the streets.

Question 76

When people fail on parole, their parole is ________, and they are returned to prison to continue serving their sentences.

Question 77

It is estimated that parole officers spend as much as 80 percent of their time in ________ work.

Question 78

________ have upheld bans on employment when the work has a connection to the criminal conduct of the offender.

Question 79

________ is the period of correctional supervision following release from prison.

Question 80

From 1920 to 1973, all states and the federal government used ________ sentencing, authorized discretionary release by parole boards, and authorized the supervision of prisoners after release.