Deck 3: Jails Corrections at the Local Level

Question 1

Crowding produces problems for jail management.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Jails are the entryway to corrections.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One of the most startling facts about U.S. jails is that more than half of their occupants are awaiting trial.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

By definition, jail terms are longer than prison terms.

Question 5

The federal government currently does not operate any jails in its system.

Question 6

Most inmates who are released pending trial receive more lenient sentences than those who are not.

Question 7

One of the most troubling trends in the U.S. jail system that has occurred over the past two decades is the increasing incarceration rate for________.

A) young white males
B) young African American males
C) young Hispanic males
D) young Asian males

Question 8

For the most part, U.S. correctional leaders agree that jails do quite a lot for inmates who have mental, emotional, or alcohol-related problems.

Question 9

It is estimated that roughly two-thirds of all jail inmates have a history of mental problems.

Question 10

The idea behind the American jail system was adopted from which country?

A) England
B) France
C) Ireland
D) Spain

Question 11

Jail sentences are more for misdemeanants than they are for felons.

Question 12

According to many scholars, a great percentage of defendants are considered indigent and cannot afford to post bail.

Question 13

There is a growing emphasis on strengthening alternatives to jail.

Question 14

Defendants who are regarded as dangerous or likely to commit crimes while awaiting trial are kept in jail for society's protection under preventive detention.

Question 15

Jail practices in the United States descend directly from feudal practices of twelfth-century Ireland.

Question 16

Jails often lack the funds to meet the standards for treating inmates.

Question 17

According to federal and state laws, jail employees can never be held liable for their actions.

Question 18

Local jail officers are some of the best trained, educated, and paid employees in the entire U.S. correctional system.

Question 19

Jail populations have been in decline for the last few years.

Question 20

In the United States today, most jail inmates are young Caucasian males.

Question 21

Today the most pressing medical issue in jails relates to offenders at risk for ________, accounting for 7% of jail deaths annually in the United States.

A) gonorrhea
B) suicide
C) tuberculosis
D) diabetes

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the three mains reasons used to support pretrial diversion programs?

A) Diversion is cheaper than criminal justice processing.
B) There is a stigma attached to being labeled a criminal.
C) Many offenders' crimes are caused by special problems (e.g., addiction).
D) These programs help prevent the accused from committing further crimes.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of privately run jails?

A) paying staff less to work there.
B) building jails in depressed rural areas.
C) skimpy services.
D) incentive to keep the jail full

Question 24

By far the most successful pretrial release program has been ________.

A) day reporting centers
B) percentage bail (10%)
C) property bonds
D) release on recognizance (ROR)

Question 25

________ refers to a type of jail confinement in which the accused is locked up in order to protect the community from the potential crimes the accused may commit if released before trial.

A) Shock probation
B) Preventive detention
C) Controlled internment
D) Defensive confinement

Question 26

Nationally, about ___ % of all people placed in jail have been found to be under the influence of alcohol or an illegal drug at the time of arrest.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Question 27

With the development of the ________ in the sixteenth century, the sheriff took on added responsibilities for vagrants and the unemployed who were sent there.

A) workhouse
B) penitentiary
C) jail
D) lockup

Question 28

The most dramatic problems posed by offenders with drug abuse issues is during ________.

A) withdrawal
B) the trial
C) the arrest
D) the booking

Question 29

The average delay between and arrest and sentencing is _________.

A) about one week.
B) about two months.
C) more than six months.
D) at least one year.

Question 30

In the 1800s, the main goal of the jail began to change in response to the ________ movement.

A) probation
B) reformatory
C) penitentiary
D) mark system

Question 31

Pretrial detainees ________.

A) have not been convicted of the crimes they are being held on.
B) have no rights.
C) typically have medical insurance.
D) rarely have substance abuse issues.

Question 32

Jails are considered to be the ________ corrections.

A) bright point of
B) entryway to
C) dark side of
D) ultimate barrier to

Question 33

In 1984, the ________ authorized holding allegedly dangerous defendants without bail, for what has become known as preventive detention.

A) Comprehensive Crime Control Act
B) Statutory Crime Control Act
C) Federal Crime Control Act
D) Congressional Crime Control Act

Question 34

The ________ system is a system in which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid per day for each inmate held.

A) pay
B) lease
C) fee
D) provider

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the most significant problems jail inmates face today?

A) nutrition
B) mental health issues
C) substance dependency
D) legal concerns

Question 36

Operated as facilities to detain accused people awaiting trial, jails have customarily been run by ________.

A) state police
B) county sheriffs
C) state probation departments
D) state parole departments

Question 37

According to the text, the central purpose of the early jail was __________.

A) the warehousing of the surplus population of immigrants
B) detention of those sentenced by the court
C) to detain persons awaiting trial and to shelter misfits
D) to inflict short-term punishment (e.g., corporal punishment) on the offender

Question 38

Which facility is operated under a joint agreement between two or more government units, with a jail board drawn from representatives of the participating jurisdictions and having varying authority over policy, budget, operations, and personnel?

A) federal jail
B) regional jail
C) state jail
D) county jail

Question 39

Recently, there has been a major emphasis on programs to offenders awaiting trial.

A) punish
B) convict
C) sentence
D) release

Question 40

A ________ is a temporary holding facility (up to 48 hours) for those who have been arrested and are awaiting an appearance in front of a judge.

A) day reporting center
B) holding camp
C) community center
D) lockup

Question 41

Based on the above scenario, what type of facility is Rob the administrator of?

A) new-generation jail
B) old school jail
C) supermax jail
D) jail of the future

Question 42

Caleb didn't appear for court; therefore, it is believed he ________.

A) absconded
B) died
C) forgot
D) got lost

Question 43

Defendants who do not appear for a court hearing are called _________.

A) absconders
B) air heads
C) forgetters
D) inmates

Question 44

Generally, it has been found that building new jails or ________ the capacity of existing facilities has little impact on the problem of crowding.

A) limiting
B) controlling
C) decreasing
D) increasing

Question 45

What release mechanism was used for Caleb's release?

A) bail
B) parole
C) release on recognizance
D) expiration release

Question 46

While awaiting the next court appearance, Debbie was held on ________.

A) pretrial detention
B) a parole violation
C) post court detention
D) a probation violation

Question 47

When a correctional officer uses his or her authority to deprive an inmate of his or her rights, that inmate can sue to halt the violation and collect damages.

A) Miranda
B) universal
C) Federalist
D) civil

Question 48

What type of release was ordered for Debbie?

A) release on recognizance
B) bail
C) parole
D) probation

Question 49

What type of facility was Debbie placed in before her court appearance?

A) lockup
B) mental health ward
C) detox center
D) prison

Question 50

What program was Caleb ordered to upon release?

A) electric monitoring
B) parole
C) boot camp
D) halfway house

Question 51

New-generation jails are the most recent development in jail design. Which of the following is NOT one of the general concepts used within this design?

A) interaction space
B) podular design
C) individual privacy
D) personal space

Question 52

Jail sentences are typically reserved for those who have committed misdemeanors and minor felonies and usually do not exceed _________.

A) a month
B) six weeks
C) three months
D) a year

Question 53

________ supervision is a method of correctional management in which staff members have direct physical contact with inmates throughout the day.

A) Deterrent
B) Pretrial
C) Preventive
D) Direct

Question 54

Based on the information in the scenario, what issue does Rob face as an administrator?

A) personnel matters
B) inmate violence
C) inmate suicides
D) overcrowding

Question 55

What supervision style is used in this jail?

A) direct supervision
B) indirect supervision
C) inmate-run supervision
D) hands-off supervision

Question 56

One of the best ways to reduce ________ is to develop specific standards for routine jail operation practices and procedures.

A) rehabilitation
B) litigation
C) recidivism
D) overcrowding

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a general trend for the future of jails?

A) Many jurisdictions have renovated or replaced jail facilities since the early 1970s.
B) Many jurisdictions are joining together to build and maintain a single jail to serve their collective needs.
C) Jails are becoming more suitable to treat inmates with mental disorders and drug addiction.
D) There is a growing emphasis on strengthening alternatives to jail.

Question 58

According to the last jail census, most jail employees (72%) are expected to perform ________ duties as their primary responsibility.

A) treatment
B) educational
C) custodial
D) clerical

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of preventive detention?

A) It violates the due process provisions of the Constitution.
B) The practice is impractical.
C) Only a small proportion of all defendants who are released pending trial are arrested for another crime before trial.
D) There is a need for protection from accused criminals.

Question 60

According to the scenario, what special issues may the jail face with Debbie?

A) mental health issues
B) withdrawal from alcohol
C) too many visitors
D) withdrawal from meth

Question 61

A(n) ________ is an independent businessperson who provides bail money for a fee.

Question 62

For corrections, ________ is an expensive and largely ineffective proposition-a revolving door that leads nowhere.

Question 63

For drug-addicted arrestees, despite the short stays of inmates in jails, specialized ________ programs designed especially for jails have shown some success.

Question 64

One-third of the deaths that occur in jail are ________.

Question 65

People in jail are younger and disproportionately ________.

Question 66

Compared to ________, diversion has been shown to be a cheaper alternative.

Question 67

A(n) ________ program is an alternative to adjudication in which the defendant agrees to conditions set by the prosecutor (i.e., drug rehab) in exchange for no jail time.

Question 68

Inmates with ________ problems are usually referred to local social service agencies for treatment.

Question 69

As facilities to detain accused people awaiting trial, jails customarily have been run by a(n) ________ official.

Question 70

A(n) ________ system is a system in which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid per day for each inmate held.

Question 71

________ assumes that ties to the community give people an incentive to keep their promise to appear and to retain their status in the community.

Question 72

The proportion of a state's population in jail is often referred to as the ________ rate.

Question 73

The ________ is a living area for a group of inmates that defines a post or a watch.

Question 74

Some jails continue to have severe ________ problems, but the emphasis on pretrial release programs has helped most jails keep their daily populations down.

Question 75

_______________________ is the deliberate confining of a person in jail to protect the community from crimes the person may commit if released before trial.

Question 76

The two jurisdictions that currently house the most jail inmates in America are Los Angeles County and ________.

Question 77

The smallest, local jails in America are called police ________.

Question 78

A 30- to 90-day jail sentence is typical for a(n) ________.

Question 79

________ are people who fail to appear for a court date and have no legitimate reason for doing so.

Question 80

More than half of those entering jail have a history of failed ________ treatment, often during previous jail or probation terms.