Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

The tests commonly administered as a precondition for voting were called

A)poll tests.
B)constitutional exams.
C)literacy tests.
D)primary tests.
E)registration tests.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The term civil rights refers to

A)the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment.
B)civil liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, or assembly.
C)what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.
D)limitations on what the government may not do to interfere with individual liberties.
E)the rights of all Americans provided for in the Fourteenth Amendment and what the government must do to ensure freedom from discrimination.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), the U.S. Supreme Court

A)​ruled that African Americans are not persons for the purposes of the Constitution.
B)​tried to stop the development of legal racial segregation known as Jim Crow laws.
C)​stated that schools may not practice any type of racial segregation.
D)​agreed that separation of races is not a violation of the Constitution.
E)​ruled that the practice of slavery must cease before the end of the century.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The Fifteenth Amendment

A)outlawed slavery.
B)provided equal protection under the law.
C)gave eighteen-year-olds the right to vote.
D)stated that the right to vote shall not be abridged on account of race.
E)gave women the right to vote.

Question 5

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated __________ as a means to achieve racial justice.

A)violence
B)nonviolent civil disobedience
C)race riots
D)enforcing segregation and creating superior public services for blacks
E)black militancy

Question 6

The use of __________ was instrumental in bringing about the integration of lunch counters, buses, and trains.

A)sit-ins
B)roadblocks at night in rural areas
C)court injunctions that prohibited interstate travel in areas threatened by violence
D)the threat of armed force
E)public demonstrations featuring violence against whites

Question 7

De facto segregation means

A)segregation because of residential racial patterns and concentration of populations, not because of laws.
B)segregation based on different native languages.
C)racial segregation based on law.
D)segregation of southern European immigrants.
E)segregation to a minor degree.

Question 8

The provision that states that all persons born in the United States are citizens can be found in the

A)the Thirteenth Amendment.
B)the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)the Fifteenth Amendment.
D)the Nineteenth Amendment.
E)the Declaration of Independence.

Question 9

The Civil Rights Acts passed by Congress between 1865 and1875

A)were designed to enforce the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments.
B)implemented the extension of citizenship to anyone born in the United States.
C)made it illegal to use law or custom to deprive anyone of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution.
D)declared that everyone is entitled to full and equal enjoyment of public accommodations.
E)All of these choices are true.

Question 10

Which of the following regarding immigration is true?

A)Today, most immigrants to the United States come from Europe.
B)Major issues include debate about whether illegal immigrants should be given amnesty and be allowed to become U.S.citizens.
C)The number of multi-racial persons has been declining in recent years.
D)All Hispanics are from Mexico.
E)The number of multi-racial persons has been declining in recent years and all Hispanics are from Mexico.

Question 11

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the U.S. Supreme Court held that

A)​ethnic minorities have no rights to equal treatment by the government.
B)​public school segregation of races violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
C)​the national government does not have the power to force any type of action on local school boards.
D)​separation of races for a reason such as education is not a violation of the Constitution.
E)​African Americans could not be denied the right to a college education.

Question 12

Today, there are approximately __________ unauthorized immigrants living in the United States.

A)11 million
B)111 million
C)200 million
D)1 million
E)35 million

Question 13

The estimated cost to deport all unauthorized immigrants is

A)about $100 million.
B)about $400 million.
C)about $100 billion.
D)about $400 billion.
E)over $1 trillion.

Question 14

Industries such as ___________ are dependent on undocumented workers.

A)the healthcare industry
B)the insurance industry
C)the banking industry
D)the auto industry
E)the agriculture industry

Question 15

African American leader Malcolm X

A)supported the group known as the Underground Railroad.
B)agreed with King's philosophy of non-violence.
C)believed in "black power" and racial separation.
D)believed in the philosophy of "turn the other cheek."
E)was one of King's closest colleagues.

Question 16

All of the following are true of the 1964 and 1968 Civil Rights Acts EXCEPT

A)the right to equality of opportunity in employment was included.
B)discrimination in public accommodations was banned.
C)state governments to control school integration were allowed.
D)discrimination in housing was banned.
E)penalties for those attempting to interfere with civil rights workers were provided.

Question 17

The white primary in southern states allowed

A)all races to participate in elections on an equal basis.
B)whites to exclude African Americans from voting in Democratic primaries.
C)voters to select ballots for each party based on different skin colors.
D)African Americans the opportunity to vote for the first time.
E)whites to exclude African Americans from voting in the general elections.

Question 18

A civil rights advocate who believed in civil disobedience might be attracted to the movement around __________, while someone promoting black power would be more at home in the movement of __________.

A)​Dr.King; Malcolm X
B)​Dr.King; Rosa Parks
C)Harriet Tubman; Malcolm X
D)Malcolm X; Dr.King
E)Rosa Parks; Dr.King

Question 19

A poll tax was used to

A)prevent northern immigrants from moving to the South and voting in local elections.
B)determine who was intelligent enough to vote.
C)dissuade African Americans and poor whites from voting.
D)force individuals to buy property in order to be eligible to vote.
E)raise funds for voter registration among the minority community.

Question 20

After the Civil War, civil rights legislation was passed by Congress

A)but much of it was very ineffective and parts were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
B)and it played a major role in creating equality for African Americans.
C)and was accepted by the American public.
D)that prevented African Americans from being extended equal public accommodations.
E)All of these choices are true.

Question 21

Which of the following are among the limitations imposed by the Supreme Court on affirmative action?

A)​Race cannot be used as the sole criterion.
B)​Race cannot be used as a tie-breaker.
C)​A prohibition against the use of preferences or quotas for unqualified persons.
D)​The awarding by universities of points for racial minority status.
E)​All of these choices are true.

Question 22

All of the following are true of the Chinese immigrant experience EXCEPT

A)Chinese immigration began with the gold rush of 1849.
B)most early Chinese immigrants were men.
C)anti-Chinese riots were common.
D)Chinese immigration was banned from 1882 - 1943.
E)Chinese Americans were a largely rural population.

Question 23

​In order to pass strict scrutiny, a law must do all of the following EXCEPT

A)​be justified by a compelling government interest.
B)​be narrowly tailored to meet a government interest.
C)​be rationally related to a government interest.
D)​be the least restrictive means to accomplish the goal.
E)​None of these choices is true.

Question 24

A court case dealing with the minimum age requirement to purchase tobacco products would be treated

A)with strict scrutiny.
B)with rational basis review.
C)as a suspect classification.
D)with exacting scrutiny.
E)as a quasi-suspect classification.

Question 25

​The American Indian population experienced a _________, largely due to __________.

A)​twentieth-century boom; a sudden decline in group poverty
B)twentieth-century boom; government programs designed to restore it to prominence
C)​catastrophic collapse; diseases brought over from Europe
D)​catastrophic collapse; war between the various Indian nations
E)​None of these choices is true.

Question 26

The policy in admissions or hiring that gives special consideration to traditionally disadvantaged groups to overcome the present effects of past discrimination is known as

A)affirmative action.
B)legislative mandate.
C)civil liberties.
D)civil rights.
E)the Lincoln dilemma.

Question 27

Which form of judicial review comes into play when laws are based on a suspect classification?​

A)​intermediate scrutiny
B)​exacting scrutiny
C)​strict scrutiny
D)​rational basis review
E)​moderate scruitny

Question 28

​Though the civil rights movement focused primarily on the rights of ___________, it had the effect of ____________.

A)​African Americans; benefiting nearly all minority groups
B)​women; benefiting gay Americans as well
C)​Latinos; benefiting African Americans
D)African Americans; strengthening the disenfranchisement of other racial minorities
E)​women; strengthening the disenfranchisement of gay Americans

Question 29

A major outcome of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was

A)the elimination of discriminatory voter registration tests.
B)the establishment of federal voter registrars.
C)the establishment of federally administered voter registration procedures.
D)limitations on the abilities of counties in the South to change voter registration procedures without federal approval.
E)All of these choices are true.

Question 30

​The population of unauthorized immigrants in the United States is

A)​about 500,000 and increasing.
B)about 1 million and stable.
C)about 7 million and declining.
D)about 11 million and stable.
E)about ​32 million and increasing.

Question 31

Today, there are approximately __________ Native Americans living in the United States.

A)30 million
B)13 million
C)800,000
D)3.2 million
E)300 million

Question 32

Feminism is

A)a movement supported by women but not men in the United States.
B)the movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women.
C)supported by all women in the United States.
D)a movement that began with the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966.
E)the movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women and is a movement that began with the founding of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966.

Question 33

In the Bakke case, the Supreme Court ruled that

A)affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools, but not to be utilized in medical schools.
B)race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.
C)all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional.
D)race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.
E)quota systems are constitutional.

Question 34

​A century ago, most immigrants came to the United States from __________, while today most come from ___________.

A)​China; Mexico and Central America
B)​Western Europe; former Soviet states
C)​Asia; Latin America
D)​Europe; Latin American and Asia
E)​Latin America; Eastern Europe

Question 35

​All of the following are true of the history of Asian Americans EXCEPT

A)​they are currently among the poorest racial minority groups.
B)​Chinese Americans were denied citizenship until the late nineteenth century.
C)​Chinese were banned from immigrating to the United States for a sixty-year period.
D)​Japanese were at one time banned from immigrating to the United States.
E)many Japanese Americans were confined to internment camps during World War II.

Question 36

The Civil and Voting Rights Acts of the 1960s did all of the following EXCEPT

A)instituted a nation-wide system of urban bussing.
B)established equal opportunity in employment.
C)made it illegal to discriminate in housing.
D)registered to vote a large number of southern African Americans.
E)banned discrimination in public accommodations.

Question 37

The amending of the Constitution to include an Equal Rights Amendment for women

A)has never made it through the congressional amendment proposal process.
B)​has passed through Congress, but failed ratification in the states.
C)​was proposed as a part of the Bill of Rights, but failed to be ratified.
D)​was ratified by the states in 1972, after passing through Congress.
E)​is largely seen as unnecessary, now that women's incomes are equal to those of men.

Question 38

One thing holding back political participation by Latinos is that​

A)​the Civil Rights Act of 1964 only applied to African Americans.
B)​many are immigrants and not yet citizens.
C)​ballots are only available in English.
D)​political parties refuse to address issues important to them.
E)​All of these choices are true.

Question 39

The Nineteenth Amendment

A)ended racial segregation in the United States.
B)abolished slavery.
C)did away with racial restrictions on voting.
D)expanded the right to vote to women.
E)set the minimum voting age to eighteen.

Question 40

All of the following are true of the Supreme Court's opinions on affirmative action EXCEPT

A)affirmative action laws and policies will be subject to strict scrutiny.
B)affirmative action programs cannot make use of racial quotas.
C)affirmative action programs may continue indefinitely, even after achieving their goals.
D)race cannot be used as a "tie breaker."
E)race can be considered as part of a complete examination of an applicant's background.

Question 41

The Equal Pay Act of 1963

A)requires employers to provide equal pay for substantially equal work.
B)requires employers to re-grade the pay scales for the comparable but different jobs held by women and men to make them more equitable.
C)requires that employers promote more women into managerial positions.
D)allows for men to be paid more than women with the same job responsibilities if they have families.
E)All of these choices are true.

Question 42

On the issue of sexual harassment, the Supreme Court has ruled that

A)employers are not responsible for harassment undertaken by their employees.
B)individuals cannot be sexually harassed by members of their own gender.
C)it is considered sexual harassment when words or actions of a sexual nature interfere with the employee's work or create a "hostile environment."
D)it is not illegal to condition promotions on sexual favors.
E)laws against sexual harassment violate the First Amendment's protection of free speech.

Question 43

Define the concept of strict scrutiny and discuss how and why it is used, making sure to note cases where it has been used to both help and harm racial minorities.​

Question 44

All of the following are major events in the women's equality movement EXCEPT

A)the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
B)the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.
C)the passage of Title IX.
D)the lifting of the Combat Exclusion Policy.
E)the passage of the Equal Pay Act.

Question 45

​The repeal of "don't ask, don't tell" came

A)​into full enforcement in 2011.
B)​as a result of a U.S.District Court ruling.
C)​due to quick action by Congress after the 2008 election.
D)​because of a change in public opinion on the issue.
E)​into full enforcement in 2011 and came because of a change in public opinion on the issue.

Question 46

Explain the arguments both for and against affirmative action.

Question 47

​Using the concepts of de jure and de facto discrimination, compare the experiences of two of the following racial minority groups: African Americans, Latinos, Asian Americans, and American Indians.

Question 48

Describe any two post-Civil War limitations on African American voting, explaining how they effectively barred most African Americans from voting.

Question 49

"Don't ask, don't tell," the policy of requiring gay men and lesbians in the U.S. military to hide their sexual orientation

A)is still the policy of the U.S.Department of Defense.
B)was first implemented during the Clinton administration.
C)required that enlistees be questioned about their sexual orientation.
D)did not end expulsion of gay and lesbian military personnel.
E)was first implemented during the Clinton administration and did not end expulsion of gay and lesbian military personnel.

Question 50

Any practice, policy, or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an individual or to a group because of gender

A)is sexual harassment.
B)is gender discrimination.
C)violates Title IV.
D)violates the Civil Rights Act of 1968.
E)is considered illegal if engaged in by a private corporation but acceptable if engaged in by the government.

Question 51

The riot at the Stonewall Inn that began the modern movement for equality for gay males and lesbians was sparked by

A)a raid by police on a bar popular with gay men and lesbians.
B)a feeling in the gay and lesbian community that the police were targeting them for harassment.
C)anti-gay protestors who showed up at the bar.
D)an attempt by a gay couple to hold a marriage ceremony at the bar.
E)a raid by police on a bar popular with gay men and lesbians, and by a feeling in the gay and lesbian community that the police were targeting them for harassment.

Question 52

In the 2003 decision of Lawrence v. Texas, the U.S. Supreme Court

A)upheld a Texas law that made homosexual conduct a crime.
B)overturned laws against sodomy between consenting adults in private to be unconstitutional.
C)invalidated anti-discrimination laws that protect homosexuals.
D)upheld the Court's previous decision in Bowers v.Hardwick.
E)indicated that states could declare homosexuality a crime.

Question 53

Much of the controversy over the rights of __________ has centered on __________.

A)same sex couples; the use of public restrooms
B)racial minorities; the Equal Rights Amendment
C)women; their pay in the military
D)transgender persons; the use of public restrooms
E)transgender persons; the widespread ban on altering birth certificates

Question 54

All of the following are true of the Defense of Marriage Act EXCEPT

A)it was passed in response to a ruling by the Hawaiian Supreme Court.
B)it was passed by Congress in 1996.
C)it banned federal recognition of same sex marriages.
D)it allowed state governments to ignore same sex marriages from other states.
E)it nullified any same sex marriage performed in any state.

Question 55

Current statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor indicate that

A)women have not benefitted from the Equal Pay Act.
B)women now earn on average more than men.
C)women make up only about 10% of the workforce.
D)women earn 54 cents for every dollar earned by men.
E)women earn 79 cents for every dollar earned by men.

Question 56

All of the following are true of women in politics today EXCEPT

A)the number of women holding congressional seats has increased significantly in recent years.
B)the majority of Americans are not comfortable having a woman as president.
C)the number of women sitting on federal judicial benches has increased.
D)the efforts of women's rights advocates helped to increase the number of women holding political office.
E)women have secured leadership posts in Congress and have seats on the Supreme Court.

Question 57

​The Supreme Court's decision in Bowers v. Hardwick, which _______________, was later overturned in ____________.

A)upheld a Georgia law against homosexual conduct; Lawrence v.Texas
B)​upheld a Georgia law against homosexual conduct; Griswold v.Connecticut
C)upheld Georgia's same-sex marriage ban; Lawrence v.Texas
D)overturned Georgia's same-sex marriage ban; United States v.Windsor
E)​upheld Georgia's application of a poll tax; action by the Georgia state legislature

Question 58

Nationwide recognition of same-sex marriage was the result of

A)a 2015 Supreme Court decision.
B)a 2016 Congressional law.
C)a 2010 Constitutional Amendment.
D)an international treaty on human rights.
E)a 2015 executive order.

Question 59

Explain the significance of the constitutional amendments enacted in the five years following the end of the Civil War.

Question 60

Discuss the decisions made by the Supreme Court in both hindering and expanding the civil rights of racial minorities.

Question 61

Discuss the struggle for civil rights by both American Indians and Asian Americans, noting any laws that helped or hindered their right to citizenship.

Question 62

Discuss the progress that has been made in the women's rights movement and compare it with the remaining obstacles to full equality.

Question 63

How have courts and legislative bodies at both the federal and the state level attempted to address issues concerning the rights and status of homosexuals?