Deck 29: Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Which of the following is an accessory fruit that is aggregate of individual dry seeds?

A) cherry
B) blackberry
C) pineapple
D) pea pod
E) strawberry

Answer 1

E

Question 2

To which of the following is a microspore most closely and completely related?

A) male gametophyte
B) seed
C) ovule
D) egg
E) endosperm

Answer 2

A

Question 3

From which structure is the flower modified?

A) cambium
B) root
C) xylem
D) leaf
E) phloem

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Through which structure does the pollen tube grow?

A) petal
B) carpel
C) anther
D) filament
E) corolla

Question 5

The endosperm produced during double fertilization is ____.

A) diploid
B) tetraploid
C) polyploid
D) triploid
E) haploid

Question 6

Flowers form on the _____, a diploid, spore-producing plant body that grows by ____ from a fertilized egg.

A) sporophyte; mitosis
B) gametophyte; mitosis
C) gametophyte; meiosis
D) sporophyte; meiosis
E) epiphyte; mitosis

Question 7

Which animal typically pollinates brightly colored, unscented flowers?

A) bird
B) bat
C) bee
D) butterfly
E) beetle

Question 8

The stigma, style, and ovary make up the female part of the flower called the ____.

A) sepal
B) petal
C) carpel
D) stamen
E) anther

Question 9

In the life cycle of a flowering plant, which of the following is diploid?

A) zygote
B) sperm cell
C) egg cell
D) microspore
E) megaspore

Question 10

Varroa destructor, a type of parasitic ____, attaches itself to a honeybee and sucks out tissue from an organ called a ____.

A) bacteria; ganglia
B) flatworm; pollen basket
C) mite; fat body
D) virus; honey stomach
E) hookworm; air sac

Question 11

The structure that supports the pollen sacs is called the ____.

A) filament
B) carpel
C) anther
D) receptacle
E) stigma

Question 12

Which describes the product of egg and sperm fertilization?

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) triploid
D) quadriploid
E) pentaploid

Question 13

Flowering plants undergo ________, in which one of the sperm delivered by the pollen tube fuses with the egg, while another fuses with a central cell.

A) budding
B) parthenogenesis
C) polyploidy
D) double fertilization
E) meiosis

Question 14

Why is colony collapse disorder important?

A) Honeybee honey is an essential economic export of many countries.
B) Honeybee venom is an essential component of antihistamines to flowering plants.
C) Honeybees prevent many diseases that spread to humans by antibodies in the honey.
D) Honeybees kill weeds that threaten many species of flowering plants.
E) Honeybees are particularly efficient pollinators of many flowering plants.

Question 15

As part of an experiment, a student cuts off the stigma of a flower. What will happen?

A) Pollen grains will not form.
B) Microspores will not divide.
C) Pollen grains will not land.
D) Pollen grains will not open
E) Pollen sacs will not open.

Question 16

In a flowering plant life cycle, which process is used to form spores?

A) endocytosis
B) exocytosis
C) meiosis
D) mitosis
E) apoptosis

Question 17

The male gametophyte of a flower develops within a(n) ____.

A) stigma
B) anther
C) calyx
D) corolla
E) ovule

Question 18

The structure of the lady flower orchid is classified as ____.

A) elongated inflorescence
B) irregular
C) composite
D) incomplete
E) imperfect

Question 19

The anther and filament make up the male part of the flower called the ____.

A) carpel
B) stamen
C) petal
D) sepal
E) receptacle

Question 20

What is it called when bees suddenly and mysteriously abandon their queen and many living larvae, despite abundant stored pollen and honey?

A) colony emigration
B) colony immigration
C) colony collapse disorder
D) colony convergence
E) colony divergence

Question 21

In mature eudicot seeds, where are nutrients stored?

A) embryo
B) seed coat
C) endosperm
D) cotyledons
E) embryonic root tip

Question 22

Which of the following develops into an embryo?

A) megaspore
B) ovary
C) ovule
D) zygote
E) anther

Question 23

Hairy modified sepals of a dandelion fruit are dispersed by ____.

A) mammals
B) insects
C) water
D) gravity
E) wind

Question 24

Which of the following is the main trigger for breaking dormancy?

A) temperature
B) wind
C) climate
D) water
E) pH

Question 25

Which of the following are true, simple fruits?

A) figs
B) apples
C) pineapples
D) strawberries
E) cherries

Question 26

What is the difference between a cutting and a graft?

A) A cutting is diploid, whereas a graft is haploid.
B) A cutting propagates on its own, while a graft is fused to another plant.
C) A cutting is haploid, whereas a graft is diploid.
D) A cutting is fused to another plant, while a graft propagates on its own.
E) A cutting matures faster than a graft.

Question 27

What process fuels embryonic growth?

A) anaerobic respiration
B) aerobic respiration
C) photosynthesis
D) chemosynthesis
E) glycolysis

Question 28

In eudicot seed germination, which structure forms a hook shape in the soil?

A) embryonic shoot
B) embryonic root
C) coleoptile
D) cotyledons
E) hypocotyl

Question 29

Which of the following nourishes the growing embryo during germination?

A) the parent plant
B) endosperm
C) the cotyledons
D) the megaspore mother cell
E) the style

Question 30

What is a cutting?

A) root fragment
B) stem fragment
C) leaf
D) pollinated flower
E) seed

Question 31

What kind of fruit is formed from multiple, unfused ovaries of one flower?

A) aggregate
B) simple
C) multiple
D) accessory
E) berries

Question 32

Seed _____ allows germination to match _____ .

A) formation; internal conditions
B) dormancy; environmental conditions
C) dispersal; environmental conditions
D) dormancy; internal conditions
E) formation; environmental conditions

Question 33

In a monocot seed, what is the purpose of the coleoptile?

A) It becomes the stem.
B) It protects the embryonic root.
C) It protects the embryonic shoot.
D) It becomes the leaf.
E) It becomes the hypocotyl.

Question 34

Entire forests of quaking aspen trees are actually strands of _____ that grew from ______, shoots that sprout from shallow lateral roots.

A) clones; root suckers
B) offspring; coleoptiles
C) offspring; roots
D) clones; root hairs
E) clones; rhizomes

Question 35

A(n) ____ is a fleshy fruit produced from one ovary.

A) aggregate fruit
B) dry fruit
C) multiple fruit
D) berry
E) pome

Question 36

Which seed is particularly valued for its high protein and starch content?

A) lentil
B) rice
C) wheat
D) oats
E) barley

Question 37

In a eudicot, what causes the hypocotyl to straighten upon emergence form the soil?

A) sunlight
B) change in temperature
C) oxygen
D) nitrogen
E) water vapor

Question 38

In monocots cultivated for human consumption, such as wheat, rye, and barley, what part of the seed contains most of the proteins and vitamins?

A) cotyledon
B) endosperm
C) embryo
D) seed coat
E) coleoptile

Question 39

Which part of the flower matures into fruit?

A) egg
B) ovule
C) megaspore
D) endosperm
E) ovary

Question 40

Most of an orange fruit is derived from the ____.

A) receptacle
B) ovary
C) ovule
D) endosperm
E) cotyledons

Question 41

Most apple trees grown from seed produce uniquely ______ fruit.

A) seedless
B) unpalatable
C) poisonous
D) skinless
E) fuzzy

Question 42

Thigmotropism is a response to _____.

A) gravity
B) light
C) touch
D) temperature
E) circadian rhythms

Question 43

Light-energized phototropins cause _____ to be directed away from the illuminated side of a stem.

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) abscisic acid
D) ethylene
E) cytokinin

Question 44

Gibberellin induces ____ production, which causes _____ of starch in seeds.

A) auxin, synthesis
B) protease, hydrolysis
C) amylase, hydrolysis
D) lipase, synthesis
E) phosphorylase, hydrolysis

Question 45

The binding of a plant hormone to its receptor triggers a change in cellular activities that is ____ in different cells, so the same hormone may have _____ effects in different tissues.

A) similar; different
B) similar; same
C) different; similar
D) different; different
E) similar; redundant

Question 46

Why are bananas seedless?

A) They have been grafted.
B) They are haploid.
C) They are triploid.
D) They have been treated with colchicine.
E) They have been grown from cuttings.

Question 47

The apples from the apple trees Johnny Appleseed sold to homesteaders were made from ____.

A) tissue culture
B) cuttings
C) seeds
D) grafting
E) cloning

Question 48

Which hormone causes leaves to fall from trees in autumn?

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 49

In an experiment in barley seed germination, which hormone would you treat the seeds with to prevent seed germination?

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinin
E) abscisic acid

Question 50

The plant louse Phylloxera kills the ____ of ______.

A) leaves; orange trees
B) roots; apple trees
C) stems; grapevines
D) roots; grapevines
E) stalks; tobacco

Question 51

Which plant hormone is commercially sold as a rooting compound?

A) auxin
B) cytokinin
C) gibberellin
D) ethylene
E) abscisic acid

Question 52

Green bananas can be ripened quickly by putting them in brown paper bags. Which hormone accumulates to cause this effect?

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinin
E) abscisic acid

Question 53

How are the varieties of apples that account for 90 percent of the apples sold in U.S. grocery stores today propagated?

A) tissue culture
B) cuttings
C) seeds
D) grafting
E) cloning

Question 54

Approximately, how many varieties of edible apples exist today?

A) 5
B) 15
C) 150
D) 1600
E) 16,000

Question 55

The plant hormone that opposes the effects of auxins in apical dominance is ____.

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) cytokinin
D) abscisic acid
E) ethylene

Question 56

How are apple trees that have tasty fruit reproduced?

A) root sucker propagation
B) cloning
C) vegetative reproduction
D) seeds
E) grafting

Question 57

Colchicine induces ______ by _______.

A) polyploidy; disrupting spindle function during meiosis
B) sexual reproduction; stimulating gametogenesis
C) polyploidy; inhibiting aerobic respiration
D) vegetative propagation; by stimulating photosynthesis
E) diploidy; by inhibiting fertilization

Question 58

____ is a plant hormone that was first discovered for its ability to promote growth, but it was later discovered to have a critical role as a master coordinator of plant development.

A) Abscisic acid
B) Cytokinin
C) Gibberellin
D) Ethylene
E) Auxin

Question 59

A house plant that has been covered entirely with blue cellophane and then placed in the window ______ because _____.

A) will grow toward the light; auxins accumulate on the dark side
B) grow straight up; no auxin gradients will occur
C) will grow away the light; auxins accumulate on the lighted side
D) will grow toward the light; auxins accumulate on the lighted side
E) grow straight up; auxin will increase on both sides

Question 60

What plant hormone has a central role in barley seed germination?

A) auxin
B) ethylene
C) gibberellin
D) phytoestrogens
E) abscisic acid

Question 61

Chrysanthemums and other short-day plants flower only when the hours of darkness are greater than a critical value. This is an example of ____.

A) phototropism
B) vernalization
C) a circadian rhythm
D) photoperiodism
E) apical dominance

Question 62

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
closes stomata in times of stress

Question 63

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
promotes development of lateral buds

Question 64

What is the main trigger for flowering?

A) length of day
B) length of night
C) temperature
D) rainfall
E) groundwater

Question 65

A biological response to seasonal changes in the length of day relative to night is called a ____.

A) phototropism
B) photoperiodism
C) geoperiodism
D) circadian rhythm
E) thigmostropism

Question 66

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
stimulates amylase synthesis and release in germinating seeds

Question 67

Researchers suspect that plant cells perceive temperature via their plasma membrane, because the _______ and _____ permeability of plasma membranes vary with temperature.

A) receptor distribution; calcium ion permeability
B) lipid composition; hydrogen ion permeability
C) carbohydrate composition; sodium ion permeability
D) lipid composition; calcium ion permeability
E) protein composition; potassium ion permeability

Question 68

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
causes abscission

Question 69

_____ emitted by ripening fruits and maturing seeds results in abscission.

A) Cytokinin
B) Ethylene
C) Gibberellin
D) Auxin
E) Calcium ions

Question 70

Blocking changes in calcium ions would prevent which of the following?

A) vines bending around a pole as they grow up it
B) seedlings bending toward the light
C) roots growing down into the soil
D) a shoot on its side turning to grow upward
E) leaves bend toward the sunlight

Question 71

In a gravitropism, auxin moves to the ____ side of the stem and causes cell ____.

A) down-facing; elongation
B) up-facing; elongation
C) up-facing; division
D) down-facing; division
E) down-facing; shrinkage

Question 72

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
stimulates ripening in fruit

Question 73

Plant roots sense gravity by which of the following?

A) phytotropins
B) chemotropins
C) statoliths
D) change in calcium ions
E) mitochondria

Question 74

Circadian rhythms are the outcome of cycles of ____.

A) auxin distribution
B) gibberellin distribution
C) gravitropism
D) gene expression
E) cytokinin secretion

Question 75

____ is a photoperiodic response in many species.

A) Germination
B) Phototropism
C) Flowering
D) Geotropism
E) Thigmotropism

Question 76

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
mediates tropisms

Question 77

When covered with red cellophane, a plant would ______.

A) grow toward a gravitational field
B) grow away from light
C) grow straight up
D) grow toward light
E) grow away from a gravitational field

Question 78

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
stimulates cell elongation

Question 79

The compounds involved in gravitropism are ____.

A) phototropins
B) gibberellins
C) cytokinins
D) phytoestrogens
E) statoliths

Question 80

Matching
Match the plant hormone with its description.
a.ethylene
b.cytokinin
c.auxin
d.abscisic acid
e.gibberellin
inhibits gibberellin synthesis in seed germination