Deck 15: Plants and Fungi

Question 1

Peat bogs primarily consist of _____.​

A) ​chytrids
B) ​ferns
C) ​liverworts
D) ​hornworts
E) ​mosses

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are members of which group?​

A) ​conifers
B) ​ferns
C) ​gymnosperms
D) ​bryophytes
E) ​angiosperms

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Mosses have threadlike structures, called ____, that hold the gametophyte in place.​

A) ​mycorrhizae
B) ​fronds
C) ​rhizoids
D) ​sporangia
E) ​rhizomes

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Wheat stem rust fungus is a(n) _____.​

A) ​obligate plant parasite
B) ​mycorrhizal fungus
C) ​decomposer
D) ​pathogenic chytrid
E) ​photosynthetic

Question 5

Which group represents the oldest living plant lineage?​

A) ​hornworts
B) ​liverworts
C) ​mosses
D) ​ferns
E) ​conifers

Question 6

In all plants, gametes unite at fertilization to form a ____.​

A) ​spore
B) ​gametophyte
C) ​sporophyte
D) ​zygote
E) ​seed

Question 7

What agricultural practice encourages the rapid spread of plant diseases?​

A) ​irrigation practices
B) ​use of herbicide sprays
C) ​genetic modification of crops
D) ​planting large areas with a single crop variety
E) ​use of pesticides

Question 8

A walled, immature male gametophyte is called a ____.​

A) ​spore
B) ​pollen sac
C) ​zygote
D) ​sporophyte
E) ​pollen grain

Question 9

How does the wheat stem rust fungus harm its host plant?

A) It blocks the flow of water through the plant.
B) It interferes with the photosynthetic process.
C) It absorbs plant sugars made in photosynthesis.
D) It causes the roots to rot.
E) It interferes with flowering.

Question 10

The _____ dominate(s) in the life cycle of bryophytes.

A) gametophyte stage
B) sporophyte stage
C) haploid stage and sporophyte body
D) diploid stage and gametophyte body
E) the gametophyte and the sporophyte bodies

Question 11

Land plants most likely evolved from _____.​

A) ​brown algae
B) ​red algae
C) ​green algae
D) ​bryophytes
E) ​seedless vascular plants

Question 12

How is the Ug99 strain of wheat stem rust fungus spreading around the world?

A) Spores carried by birds
B) Viral vectors carried in insects
C) Imported infected wheat
D) Wind dispersal of spores
E) Infection of one plant by another plant

Question 13

What is the function of xylem?​

A) ​It conducts water downward in the plant.
B) ​It transports food upward in the plant.
C) ​It transports minerals and water throughout the plant.
D) ​It transports photosynthetic materials from stem to leaf.
E) ​It slows the evaporation of water from the plant.

Question 14

Which are low-growing, nonvascular plants that have flagellated sperm and disperse by producing spores?​

A) ​mosses
B) ​ferns
C) ​liverworts
D) ​hornworts
E) ​lichen

Question 15

The structure that consists of an embryo sporophyte and food to support it, enclosed within a protective coat is referred to as a ____.

A) zygote
B) seed
C) fruit
D) gamete
E) spore

Question 16

The cuticle of a plant functions primarily for ____.​

A) ​retention of water
B) ​conduction of water and minerals
C) ​absorption of oxygen
D) ​photosynthesis
E) ​structural support

Question 17

What is the function of phloem?

A) It helps the plant to prevent desiccation.
B) It transports water and minerals.
C) It transports photosynthetic sugars.
D) It allows for gas exchange.
E) It slows evaporation from the plant.

Question 18

Nonvascular plants lack _____.​

A) ​spores
B) ​gametes
C) ​zygotes
D) ​seeds
E) ​chloroplasts

Question 19

Which list represents the proposed sequence in plant evolution?​

A) ​angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms
B) ​bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms
C) ​gymnosperms >>> angiosperms >>> bryophytes >>> seedless vascular plants
D) ​seedless vascular plants >>> gymnosperms >>> bryophytes >>> angiosperms
E) ​bryophytes >>> gymnosperms >>> angiosperms >>> seedless vascular plants

Question 20

The Ug99 strain of wheat stem rust _____.​

A) ​has been eradicated worldwide
B) ​has wiped out most of the wheat around the world
C) ​is unable to infect most wheat varieties
D) ​can infect wheat varieties that were previously resistant to other strains
E) ​is only a problem in the United States

Question 21

Before the invention of modern abrasive cleansers, which feature of horsetails was used by humans to scrub pots and polish metals?​

A) ​waxy spores
B) ​silica-rich leaves
C) ​lignin-rich leaves
D) ​cones at the tips of their stems
E) ​silica-rich stems

Question 22

Which plants are seedless?​

A) ​cycads
B) ​conifers
C) ​horsetails
D) ​ginkgos
E) ​tomatoes

Question 23

In seed plants, which develops into a female gametophyte?​

A) ​megaspore
B) ​microsporangium
C) ​microspore
D) megasporangium ​
E) ​sporophyte

Question 24

Meiosis and unequal cytoplasmic division in seed plant ___ produce three small cells that disintegrate and one large megaspore.​

A) ​pollen sacs
B) ​pollen grains
C) ​gametophytes
D) ​microspores
E) ​ovules

Question 25

In most ferns, roots and leaves sprout from ____.​

A) ​fronds
B) ​rhizomes
C) ​sporangia
D) ​sori
E) ​gametophytes

Question 26

Which is the closest living nonvascular relative to vascular plants?​

A) hornworts
B) ​liverworts
C) ​mosses
D) ​ferns
E) ​red algae

Question 27

If fertilization occurs in seed plants, a seed will develop from the ____.​

A) ​gametophyte
B) ​ovary
C) ​ovule
D) ​pollen grain
E) ​zygote

Question 28

A pine tree is a ____.

A) flowering plant
B) seedless plant
C) sporophyte
D) bryophyte
E) gametophyte

Question 29

Most conifers are ____.

A) nonvascular
B) dikaryotic
C) deciduous
D) seedless
E) evergreen

Question 30

Which mineral found in horsetails helps protect it from insects?​

A) ​siderite
B) ​aluminum
C) ​silica
D) ​feldspar
E) ​amethyst

Question 31

Relatives of modern ____ and horsetails were the dominant plants during the Carboniferous period.​

A) ​club mosses
B) ​peat mosses
C) ​ferns
D) ​liverworts
E) ​hornworts

Question 32

Which plants are among those that contributed to the formation of coal?

A) horsetails
B) peat mosses
C) conifers
D) angiosperm trees
E) gymnosperm trees

Question 33

The seed plants became dominant during the late ___ when the climate became ___.​

A) ​Cambrian; wetter
B) ​Carboniferous; drier
C) ​Carboniferous; wetter
D) ​Cretaceous; drier
E) ​Cretaceous; wetter

Question 34

In which structure do fern spores form?​

A) ​frond
B) ​rhizome
C) ​sorus
D) ​rhizoid
E) ​gametangium

Question 35

Many tropical ferns live on other plants without withdrawing nutrients from them. These ferns are said to be ____.​

A) ​epiphytes
B) ​bryophytes
C) ​parasites
D) ​pathogens
E) ​saprophytes

Question 36

​Ferns, horsetails, and club mosses are _____.

A) ​seed-bearing vascular plants
B) ​gymnosperms
C) ​angiosperms
D) ​seedless vascular plants
E) ​nonvascular plants

Question 37

In seed plants, which develops into a pollen grain?​

A) ​megaspore
B) ​microsporangium
C) ​microspore
D) ​female gametophyte
E) ​megasporangium

Question 38

Gymnosperms are seed plants that produce seeds ____.​

A) ​inside ovules
B) ​on the surface of ovules
C) ​inside fruits
D) ​on their waxy needles
E) ​from a microspore

Question 39

The leaves of ferns are called ____.​

A) ​epiphytes
B) ​stems
C) ​fronds
D) ​bracts
E) ​rhizomes

Question 40

Which structures found in ferns are lacking in mosses?​

A) ​spores
B) ​gametophytes
C) ​xylem
D) ​sporophytes
E) ​flagellated sperm

Question 41

The mature female gametophyte in an angiosperm ovule contains _____ cells.​

A) ​4
B) ​5
C) ​6
D) ​7
E) ​8

Question 42

Which is an example of a eudicot?​

A) ​orchid
B) ​palm
C) ​wheat
D) ​corn
E) ​cactus

Question 43

Flowering plants constitute ____ percent of all modern plant species.​

A) ​30
B) ​50
C) ​60
D) ​75
E) ​90

Question 44

Which is an example of a monocot?​

A) ​lily
B) ​daisy
C) ​rose
D) ​potato
E) ​cactus

Question 45

The most common mode of pollination in angiosperms occurs by _____.​

A) ​birds
B) ​wind
C) ​water
D) ​insects
E) ​humans

Question 46

All fungi are _____.

A) unicellular
B) multicellular
C) autotrophic
D) heterotrophic
E) photosynthetic

Question 47

Fungal cell walls consist primarily of ____.​

A) ​cellulose
B) ​lignin
C) ​chitin
D) ​pectin
E) ​protein

Question 48

In flowering plants, pollen grains form in the flower's male parts called ____.

A) stamens
B) anthers
C) carpels
D) megaspores
E) endosperms

Question 49

In all multicelled fungi, reproduction begins with ____.

A) fusion of male and female gametes
B) budding from diploid fruiting structures
C) hyphal fragmentation
D) fusion of gametophytes
E) fusion of haploid hyphae

Question 50

The female part of a flower is known as the ____.​

A) ​stamen
B) ​anther
C) carpel​
D) ​megaspore
E) ​endosperm

Question 51

Which plant is consumed by more people worldwide than any other crop?​

A) ​wheat
B) ​corn
C) ​rice
D) ​potatoes
E) ​legumes

Question 52

What are mycelia?​

A) ​a network of microscopic interwoven filaments
B) ​a strand of walled cells arranged end to end
C) ​composite organisms consisting of a fungus and a single-celled photosynthetic species
D) ​aquatic fungi that produce flagellated spores
E) ​mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots

Question 53

The United States devotes more acreage to _____ than to any other crop.​

A) ​wheat
B) ​corn
C) ​rice
D) ​potatoes
E) ​legumes

Question 54

What is the sticky female region of a flower that is specialized for receiving pollen?​

A) ​stamen
B) ​stigma
C) ​anther
D) ​ovary
E) ​endosperm

Question 55

Which plants are widely planted in cities because of their resistance to air pollution?

A) lycopods
B) ginkgos
C) cycads
D) conifers
E) grasses

Question 56

The only group of plants that produces flowers is the ____.

A) horsetails
B) ferns
C) bryophytes
D) angiosperms
E) gymnosperms

Question 57

One reason angiosperms are more successful than gymnosperms is because gymnosperms lack _____.​

A) ​seeds
B) ​megaspores
C) ​fruits
D) ​leaves
E) ​wood

Question 58

​After fertilization occurs in a flowering plant, the ovary becomes a(n) ____.

A) ​gametophyte
B) ​ovule
C) ​seed
D) ​fruit
E) ​endosperm

Question 59

Most members of the phylum ____ are molds that grow on or through organic matter as a mass of hyphae.​

A) ​Chytridiomycota
B) ​Zygomycota
C) ​Basidiomycota
D) ​Glomeromycota
E) ​Ascomycota

Question 60

The result of double fertilization in an angiosperm is ____.​

A) ​two embryos
B) ​an embryo and a megaspore
C) ​an embryo and endosperm
D) ​an embryo and a pollen grain
E) ​an embryo and a female gametophyte

Question 61

The following terms and descriptions represent structures of the angiosperm life cycle. Match the terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.pollen tube
b.pollen sac
c.ovule
d.microspore
e.megaspore
f.zygote
gives rise to the egg-producing gametophyte

Question 62

Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
​general group that produces seeds with endosperm food reserve

Question 63

Lichens are an important component in many ecosystems because they ____.​

A) ​are primary producers
B) ​help form soil by breaking down rocks
C) ​are food for primary producers
D) ​trap small predators with their hyphae
E) ​form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of most plants

Question 64

Most fungi provide an important ecological service by being ____.​

A) ​primary producers
B) ​pollination vectors
C) ​colonizers
D) ​secondary consumers
E) ​decomposers

Question 65

Club fungi spend most of their lives as ____ mycelium.​

A) ​diploid
B) ​haploid
C) ​dikaryotic
D) ​mycokaryotic
E) ​triploid

Question 66

Matching
Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
general group of plants that form their seeds on the surface of ovules

Question 67

A composite organism consisting of a fungus and a single-celled photosynthetic species is called a ____.​

A) ​mycorrhiza
B) ​rust
C) ​lichen
D) ​mycelium
E) ​chytrid

Question 68

Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
Gametophyte is the dominant part of their life cycle.

Question 69

Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
nonvascular plants common on the floor of temperate forests

Question 70

The following terms and descriptions represent structures of the angiosperm life cycle. Match the terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.pollen tube
b.pollen sac
c.ovule
d.microspore
e.megaspore
f.zygote
gives rise to pollen grains

Question 71

Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
Equisetum; sporophyte has rhizomes and hollow stems with nonphotosynthetic leaves

Question 72

Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
Gametophyte is short-lived; sporophyte is dominant part of life cycle.

Question 73

On which human skin protein do fungal infections typically feed?​

A) ​collagen
B) ​elastin
C) ​myosin
D) ​keratin
E) ​pepsin

Question 74

Matching
Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
seed plants possessing cones that are specialized spore-bearing structures

Question 75

Matching
Match the following terms with the statement to which they best correspond.
a.angiosperms
b.conifers
c.club mosses
d.bryophytes
e.ferns
f.gymnosperms
g.ginkgos
h.horsetails
gymnosperm resistant to air pollution; flagellated sperm; only one living species

Question 76

Baker's yeast, which causes dough to rise, contains spores of a ____.​

A) ​sac fungus
B) ​club fungus
C) ​glomeromycete fungus
D) ​mycorrhiza
E) ​lichen

Question 77

When the haploid hyphae of two different club fungus individuals fuse, which nuclear condition (known as ploidy) is produced?

A) 1n
B) 2n-n
C) 3n
D) n+n
E) 2n +n

Question 78

Which are single-celled fungi?​

A) ​molds
B) ​yeasts
C) ​club fungi
D) ​sac fungi
E) ​mildews

Question 79

The oldest fungal fossils resemble ____, a group of modern fungi.​

A) ​lichens
B) ​yeasts
C) ​chytrids
D) ​amoebas
E) ​cyanobacteria

Question 80

Many soil fungi take part in a mutualistic relationship with plant roots, known as _____.​

A) ​mycelium
B) ​mycorrhiza
C) ​mycotoxin
D) ​lichen
E) ​hypha