Deck 16: Animal Evolution

Question 1

Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of a(n) ____.

A) cnidarian
B) roundworm
C) echinoderm
D) coral
E) flatworm

Answer 1

E

Question 2

​Sea anemones are ____.

A) ​polyp forms of cnidarians
B) ​medusa forms of cnidarians
C) ​spongiforms of cnidarians
D) ​spongiforms of echinoderms
E) ​polyp forms of echinoderms

Answer 2

A

Question 3

​Jellyfish are ____.

A) ​polyp forms of cnidarians
B) ​medusae forms of cnidarians
C) ​spongiforms of cnidarians
D) ​spongiforms of echinoderms
E) polyp forms of echinoderms​

Answer 3

B

Question 4

​Which of the organisms below give support for the colonial theory of animal origins?

A) ​Spriggina
B) ​choanoflagellates
C) ​Ediacarans
D) ​trilobites
E) ​club fungi

Question 5

​Humans have ____ symmetry and are ____.

A) ​radial; protostomes
B) ​radial; deuterostomes
C) ​bilateral; deuterostomes
D) ​bilateral; protostomes
E) ​biradial; deuterostomes

Question 6

Which of the following traits allowed for evolutionary innovations in body form?

A) bilateral symmetry
B) segmentation
C) coelomate evolution
D) ectoderm development
E) gastrovascular cavities

Question 7

​Which animals are radially symmetrical?

A) ​annelids
B) ​arthropods
C) ​cnidarians
D) ​roundworms
E) flatworms​

Question 8

​The colonial theory of animal origins states that animals ____.

A) ​migrated on land from sponge colonies in the ocean
B) ​originated in the colonial geologic period
C) ​evolved from autotrophic green alga colonies
D) ​evolved from a heterotrophic protist that formed colonies
E) colonized land before they colonized the seas​

Question 9

Which is true for the cells of a choanoflagellate colony?

A) Each cell is genetically unique.
B) Each cell is genetically identical.
C) Each cell has a different chromosome number.
D) Each cell performs the same function as the other cells.
E) Each cell has the ability to switch their sex from male to female and back again.

Question 10

​Sponges are ____.

A) ​herbivores
B) ​filter feeders
C) ​scavengers
D) ​predators
E) carnivores​

Question 11

Which is a characteristic of all animals?

A) They develop from embryos.
B) They reproduce only sexually.
C) They are always motile.
D) Some are producers.
E) Some are unicellular.

Question 12

​Which animal lacks symmetry, has no embryonic tissues, and has intracellular digestion?

A) ​a cnidarian
B) ​a flatworm
C) ​a sponge
D) ​an annelid
E) a planaria​

Question 13

​Most animal lineages evolved during the ____ period.

A) ​Cretaceous
B) ​Devonian
C) ​Ordovician
D) ​Silurian
E) ​Cambrian

Question 14

​Which animal has radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and the same opening for the entry of food and expulsion of waste?

A) ​a cnidarian
B) ​a flatworm
C) ​an annelid
D) ​a mollusk
E) a sponge​

Question 15

​Snails are examples of ____.

A) ​cephalopods
B) ​pseudopods
C) ​monopods
D) ​gastropods
E) ​polypods

Question 16

Which animal lacks a "true" coelom?

A) flatworms only
B) annelids only
C) roundworms only
D) flatworms and annelids
E) flatworms and roundworms

Question 17

​Which is the most recently evolved embryonic tissue in animals?

A) ​mesoderm
B) ​ectoderm
C) ​endoderm
D) ​periderm
E) epiderm​

Question 18

​Squids are examples of ____.

A) ​cephalopods
B) ​pseudopods
C) ​monopods
D) ​gastropods
E) ​polypods

Question 19

​Drugs used to treat AIDS and herpes virus infections are synthetic versions of compounds found in ____.

A) ​sea anemones
B) ​sponges
C) ​roundworms
D) ​cnidarians
E) ​planaria

Question 20

​What are nematocysts?

A) ​reproductive cells
B) ​excretory organs
C) ​sets of muscle cells
D) ​circulatory cells
E) defensive cells​

Question 21

​What is the function of a clitellum in earthworms?

A) ​anchoring an animal to its substrate
B) ​digestion
C) ​cushions organs
D) ​glues two organisms together for sperm exchange
E) ​keeps blood from clotting

Question 22

​The smartest of all invertebrates is the ____.

A) ​octopus
B) ​squid
C) ​slug
D) ​ant
E) ​crab

Question 23

​Which of the following is a defining trait found in chordate embryos?

A) ​a pseudocoelom
B) ​a larval stage
C) ​a coelom
D) ​limb buds
E) gill slits​

Question 24

​A mite is most closely related to which of the following?

A) ​ants
B) ​spiders
C) ​isopods
D) ​leeches
E) ​flukes

Question 25

​Most tunicate adults are ____.

A) herbivores​
B) ​photoautotrophs
C) ​carnivores
D) ​scavengers
E) filter feeders​

Question 26

​Which of the following invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates?

A) ​lancelets
B) ​tunicates
C) ​sea stars
D) ​earthworms
E) leeches​

Question 27

​This arthropod is the vector for Lyme disease.

A) ​spider
B) ​tick
C) ​wasp
D) ​mosquito
E) mites​

Question 28

​As an adult, which typical chordate embryonic traits do adult tunicates retain?

A) ​hollow, dorsal nerve cord
B) ​notochord
C) ​gill slits
D) ​tail extending beyond anus
E) ​carbohydrate "tunic"

Question 29

​Horseshoe crabs have lived in the earth's oceans for ____ years.

A) ​about 4 thousand
B) ​close to 400 thousand
C) ​less than 40 million
D) ​over 400 million
E) ​over 4 billion

Question 30

​The cause of schistosomiasis is a ____.

A) fluke​
B) ​tapeworm
C) ​planarian
D) ​leech
E) roundworm​

Question 31

​Reef-building polyps get their sugars from mutualistic ____.

A) ​green algae
B) ​cyanobacteria
C) ​dinoflagellates
D) ​roundworms
E) ​planarians

Question 32

​Which organism is not an arachnid?

A) ​spider
B) ​scorpion
C) ​tick
D) ​ant
E) ​mite

Question 33

​Which group of organisms has an exoskeleton?

A) ​annelids
B) ​arthropods
C) ​cnidarians
D) ​roundworms
E) ​flatworms

Question 34

​A water-vascular system that operates the tube feet is characteristic of the ____.

A) ​arthropods
B) ​annelids
C) ​chordates
D) ​mollusks
E) echinoderms​

Question 35

​A horseshoe crab uses its long extended spine for what purpose?

A) ​defending its territory
B) ​digging for clams
C) ​fighting for mates
D) ​protection from predators
E) flipping itself right side up​

Question 36

Shrimps, crabs, and lobsters are examples of ____.

A) ​cephalopods
B) ​gastropods
C) ​mollusks
D) ​arachnids
E) ​crustaceans

Question 37

​The tube feet of sea stars are used primarily for ____.

A) ​excretion of excess water
B) ​locomotion
C) ​reproduction
D) ​circulation
E) sensation​

Question 38

​Of the following invertebrate groups, the group most closely related to the chordates is the _____.

A) ​annelids
B) ​mollusks
C) crustaceans​
D) ​echinoderms
E) cnidarians​

Question 39

​The notochord is most closely associated with the ____.

A) ​muscular system
B) ​digestive system
C) ​skeletal system
D) ​urinary system
E) reproductive system​

Question 40

​Animals that use a radula to scrape up algae are _____.

A) ​gastropods
B) ​bivalves
C) ​annelids
D) ​roundworms
E) leeches​

Question 41

​Which part of the amphibian life cycle prevents them from being fully terrestrial?

A) ​finding a mate
B) ​reproduction
C) ​respiration
D) ​obtaining food
E) ​locomotion

Question 42

A typical amniote has ____ but fish do not.

A) a backbone
B) waterproof skin
C) gills
D) external fertilization
E) a cartilaginous skeleton

Question 43

​Which group was first to have an amniotic egg?

A) ​birds
B) ​reptiles
C) ​amphibians
D) ​bony fishes
E) mammals​

Question 44

​Which animal has eggs with waterproofing keratin, well-developed kidneys, internal fertilization, and is an ectotherm?

A) ​a snake
B) ​a dog
C) ​a toad
D) ​an owl
E) ​more than one of these

Question 45

​Although some early amniotes developed endothermy, which amniote is an ectotherm?

A) ​armadillo
B) ​eagle
C) ​snake
D) ​platypus
E) ​roadrunner

Question 46

​A tuna is a ____ fish.

A) ​ray-finned
B) ​lobe-finned
C) ​cartilaginous
D) ​jawless
E) ​invertebrate

Question 47

​Which organ present in crocodiles is most like that of birds?

A) ​lungs
B) ​kidneys
C) ​heart
D) ​eyes
E) ​skin

Question 48

​Which was the most likely food source for the first terrestrial tetrapods?

A) ​leaves
B) ​insects
C) ​small mammals
D) ​worms
E) ​eggs

Question 49

​Amniotes differ from amphibians by ____.

A) ​their size
B) possession of lungs
C) ​internal fertilization
D) ​laying of eggs
E) ​being tetrapods

Question 50

Birds and mammals share which characteristic?

A) ectothermy
B) air-pocketed bones
C) bladders
D) four-chambered heart
E) three-chambered heart

Question 51

Which was an early tetrapod innovation?

A) limbs evolved from dorsal fins
B) cartilaginous pectoral girdle
C) four-chambered heart
D) stereoscopic vision
E) inner ear changes to detect airborne sounds

Question 52

How do turtles differ from other reptiles?

A) They are mostly predators.
B) They do not have internal fertilization.
C) They give birth to live young.
D) They do not have teeth.
E) They must live part of their life in water.

Question 53

​Evidence suggesting that snakes evolved from ancestral lizards includes the fact that _____.

A) ​some give live birth to their young
B) ​some have bony remnants of hind limbs
C) ​all have internal fertilization
D) ​all have amniotic eggs
E) ​some actually have legs

Question 54

​Sharks differ from most other fishes in that they lack ____.

A) ​lungs
B) ​scales
C) ​bony skeletons
D) ​paired appendages
E) ​jaws

Question 55

How do ray-finned fish keep from sinking?

A) They are constantly swimming.
B) Their fins are constantly moving.
C) They have lungs that are always filled with air.
D) They have a swim bladder that is filled with gas.
E) They have a skeleton that is less dense than the surrounding water.

Question 56

​The vertebrate lung first appeared in ____.

A) ​fishes
B) ​amphibians
C) ​reptiles
D) ​birds
E) ​mammals

Question 57

​Which physical feature makes it possible for amniotes to be completely terrestrial?

A) ​their skin
B) ​their lungs
C) ​their eggs
D) ​their four limbs
E) ​their brains

Question 58

​Tetrapods are most closely related to ____.

A) ​lungfish
B) ​ray-finned fish
C) ​cartilaginous jawed fish
D) ​cartilaginous jawless fish
E) ​lancelets

Question 59

Which vertebrate is a fish that has a cartilaginous skeleton, no jaws, and a tooth-covered tongue?

A) shark
B) lamprey
C) coelacanth
D) goldfish
E) lungfish

Question 60

​The vertebral column develops from the ____.

A) ​notochord
B) ​hollow, dorsal nerve cord
C) ​gill slits
D) ​tail
E) ​coelom

Question 61

​Birds are the only modern amniotes with ____.

A) ​wings
B) ​feathers
C) ​a four-chambered heart
D) ​ectothermic metabolism
E) ​more than one of these

Question 62

​Which animal nurses its young, has forward facing eyes, nails on its fingers and toes, and a moist nose?

A) ​a lemur
B) ​a tarsier
C) ​a bird
D) ​a new world monkey
E) ​a human

Question 63

​One feature shared by modern humans and lacking in other Homo species is ____.

A) ​a chin
B) ​a large brain
C) ​bipedalism
D) ​tool making
E) ​legs longer than arms

Question 64

​A ____ lays water-proof eggs and nourishes its young with milk from glands.

A) ​turtle
B) ​shark
C) ​platypus
D) ​rat
E) ​Gila monster

Question 65

​Which primate group is classified as hominins?

A) ​bonobos
B) ​gorillas
C) ​humans
D) gibbons
E) ​orangutans

Question 66

The most diverse of the mammals are the ____.​

A) ​rats
B) ​bats
C) ​dogs
D) ​cats
E) ​equines

Question 67

​Humans are least closely related to the ____.

A) ​chimpanzee
B) ​lemur
C) ​gorilla
D) ​tarsier
E) ​gibbon

Question 68

​The first known member of the genus Homo is ____.

A) ​H. erectus
B) ​H. sapiens
C) H. neanderthalensis
D) ​H. habilis
E) H. floresiensis​

Question 69

​Which geologic periods are known as the "Age of Reptiles"?

A) ​Devonian and Silurian
B) ​Jurassic and Cretaceous
C) ​Permian and Triassic
D) ​Triassic and Jurassic
E) ​Carboniferous and Permian

Question 70

​Which is the closest living relative to a bird?

A) ​lizards
B) ​crocodiles
C) ​bats
D) ​dinosaurs
E) ​winged insects

Question 71

​Which chordate has a four-chambered heart, no bladder, no teeth, and lack of a penis in the males?

A) ​a bird
B) ​a crocodile
C) ​a bat
D) ​a frog
E) ​a shark

Question 72

​The wet-nose and cleft upper lip of the _____ does not allow these primates the range of facial expressions and vocalizations observed in the anthropoids.

A) orangutan​
B) ​lemur
C) ​spider monkey
D) ​gorilla
E) ​human

Question 73

​Many primate adaptations were responses to living in ____.

A) ​warm climates
B) ​trees
C) ​underground burrows
D) ​deserts
E) grasslands

Question 74

​The first known hominin species to leave Africa was ____.

A) ​Homo sapiens
B) ​Homo erectus
C) ​Homo habilis
D) ​Australopithecus afarensis
E) ​Homo neanderthalensis

Question 75

​Among the following, bats are most closely related to ____.

A) ​birds
B) ​rats
C) ​foxes
D) ​squirrels
E) ​monkeys

Question 76

​The defining trait of hominins is ____.

A) ​large brain
B) ​shoulder that can rotate 360 degrees
C) ​bipedalism
D) ​extended care of young
E) ​nails on fingers and toes

Question 77

A feature that distinguishes New World and Old World monkeys is ____.

A) a tail
B) arm versus leg length
C) bipedalism
D) a prehensile tail
E) a small brain

Question 78

​Our closest extinct relative is ____.

A) ​Homo erectus
B) ​Homo habilis
C) ​Homo neanderthalensis
D) ​Australopithecus afarensis
E) ​Australopithecus africanus

Question 79

​What are the defining traits of anthropoids?

A) ​diurnal, poor vision
B) ​diurnal, have color vision
C) ​diurnal, black and white vision
D) ​nocturnal, color vision
E) ​nocturnal, poor night vision

Question 80

​The earliest hominin fossils were found in ____.

A) ​Africa
B) ​Asia
C) ​Australia
D) ​the South Pacific
E) ​Europe