Deck 10: Probation and Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the options of intermediate sanctions that judges have in sentencing?

A) community service
B) fines
C) imprisonment
D) restitution

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In , also known as shock probation, the offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison or jail, to be followed by a period of probation.

A) intermittent incarceration
B) shock incarceration
C) suspended sentence
D) split sentence probation

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true regarding intermediate sanctions?

A) Intermediate sanctions are less restrictive than probation and more restrictive than imprisonment.
B) Intermediate sanctions provide a number of additional sentencing options for wrongdoers who require stricter supervision than that supplied by standard probation.
C) Intermediate sanctions are not designed to match specific punishment and treatment of an individual offender with a corrections program that reflects the offender's situation.
D) Intermediate sanctions are not intended to alleviate pressure on overcrowded facilities and understaffed probation departments.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the_____ philosophy of punishment.

A) retributive
B) incapacitative
C) deterrence
D) rehabilitative

Question 5

In which case did the Court rule that probationers were entitled to an attorney during the revocation process?

A) Morrisey v. Brewer
B) Gagnon v. Scarpelli
C) Minnesota v. Murphy
D) Mempa v. Rhay

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of recidivism?

A) Antisocial personality patterns
B) Procriminal attitudes
C) Lack of education
D) Social supports for crime

Question 7

Which of the following reasons could contribute to an offender being denied probation?

A) conviction of multiple charges
B) on parole at the time of he or she arrest
C) using a weapon during the commission of a crime
D) all of these

Question 8

Which goal of corrections focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior?

A) deterrence
B) diversion
C) incapacitation
D) reintegration

Question 9

Failing to report a change of address is a_______ violation, which may result in revocation of probation.

A) common
B) punitive
C) standard
D) technical

Question 10

Conditions imposed on all probationers are:

A) community.
B) punitive.
C) standard.
D) treatment.

Question 11

A strategy to keep those offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community-based and intermediate sanctions is:

A) deterrence.
B) diversion.
C) incapacitation.
D) reintegration.

Question 12

During this hearing, the probation agency presents evidence to support its claim of violation, and the probationer can attempt to refute this evidence.

A) preliminary hearing
B) revocation hearing
C) preliminary sentencing
D) revocation sentencing

Question 13

What is an alternative to trial offered by a judge or prosecutor, in which the offender agrees to participate in a specified counseling treatment program in return for withdrawal of the charges?

A) day reporting center
B) home confinement
C) pretrial diversion program
D) probation office

Question 14

On successful completion of a drug court program, the offender is usually rewarded by:

A) having all charges against him or her dropped.
B) spending a limited time in jail.
C) spending a limited time in prison.
D) spending a limited time on probation.

Question 15

About _________of parolees return to prison before the end of their parole period, mostly because they were convicted of a new offense or had their parole revoked.

A) a quarter
B) half
C) a third
D) two thirds

Question 16

In general, the conditions placed on a probationer fall into three categories. Which of the following is not one of these conditions?

A) cumulative conditions
B) punitive conditions
C) standard conditions
D) treatment conditions

Question 17

The most common form of punishment in the United States is:

A) imprisonment.
B) probation.
C) community service.
D) restitution.

Question 18

What is a judicially imposed condition in which an offender is sentenced after being convicted of a crime, but is not required to begin serving the sentence immediately?

A) community corrections
B) probation
C) split sentence probation
D) suspended sentence

Question 19

If an offender chooses to attend drug court, they place themselves in the hands of a ______who will enforce a mixture of treatment and sanctions in an attempt to cure their addiction.

A) judge
B) jury
C) probation officer
D) prosecutor

Question 20

A process by which the government seizes private property attached to criminal activity is:

A) community service.
B) fines.
C) forfeiture.
D) restitution.

Question 21

A community-based corrections center to which offenders report on a daily basis for the purpose of treatment, education, and incapacitation is a:

A) day reporting center.
B) treatment center.
C) pretrial diversion program.
D) probation office.

Question 22

The criticism that intermediate sanctions designed to divert offenders from prison actually increase the number of citizens who are under the control and surveillance of the American corrections system is known as what?

A) diversion
B) reintegration
C) scared straight
D) widening the net

Question 23

What level of home monitoring requires the offender to remain home at all times, save for medical emergencies?

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) home probation

Question 24

A community-based sanction in which offenders serve their terms of incarceration in their homes is called:

A) home confinement.
B) intensive supervision probation.
C) pretrial diversion program.
D) shock incarceration.

Question 25

Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his ex­girlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The prosecutor in this case is adamant that Scott serve some jail time. In the plea discussions, the prosecutor suggests that Scott agree to spend 90 days in jail and then he will automatically serve a 2-year probation sentence. This suggested sentence is known as:

A) boot camp.
B) shock incarceration.
C) shock probation.
D) suspended sentence.

Question 26

Day reporting centers were first used in:

A) Norway.
B) United States.
C) Australia.
D) Great Britain.

Question 27

What level of home monitoring requires that offenders remain home at all times, with exceptions being made for education, employment, counseling, or other specified activities such as the purchase of food, or in some instances attendance at religious ceremonies?

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) home probation

Question 28

A punishment-oriented form of probation in which the offender is placed under stricter and more frequent surveillance and control than conventional probation by probation officers with limited caseloads is a(n):

A) day reporting center.
B) home confinement.
C) intensive supervision probation.
D) pretrial diversion program.

Question 29

Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his ex­girlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The prosecutor in the case expresses concern that Scott is headed down the wrong path and suggests a little prison time would shake him up. The defense attorney in the case believes that it is not necessary to imprison Scott for this offense. Even though the law states that Scott can serve up to 5 years in a state prison for his offense, his attorney believes that prison resources are too scarce and that Scott is an offender who qualifies for a community- based sanction. This practice is known as:

A) diversion.
B) incapacitation.
C) reintegration.
D) specific deterrence.

Question 30

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender wearing a device around the wrist, ankle, or neck, which sends out a continuous signal?

A) programmed contact
B) programmed dialers
C) continuous signaling
D) continuous dialers

Question 31

Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his ex­girlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The defense attorney is worried that sending Scott to jail will only make Scott's situation worse. While his court case was pending, Scott got a job at a local grocery store and has started to clean up his act. The defense attorney would prefer that if Scott were to plead guilty to the offense, he would not be required to serve any jail time immediately. He prefers that Scott be given a chance to prove himself and only have to serve time in jail if he reoffends. This type of sentence is known as a(n):

A) boot camp.
B) shock incarceration.
C) shock probation.
D) suspended sentence.

Question 32

Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his ex­girlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The parties finally agree and Scott is sentenced to 3 years of probation with no jail time. The judge informs Scott at his sentencing that he must meet all the required conditions of his probation. These conditions include refraining from all criminal activity, staying employed, attending all required meetings with his probation officer, and reporting all address changes. Failing to report a change of address would be considered a(n):

A) extralegal violation.
B) legal violation.
C) standard violation.
D) technical violation.

Question 33

What level of home monitoring requires offenders to be in their homes at specific hours, usually at night?

A) curfew
B) home detention
C) home incarceration
D) home probation

Question 34

What type of electronic monitoring involves an offender being contacted periodically by telephone or beeper to verify his or her whereabouts?

A) programmed contact
B) programmed dialers
C) receiver-contacts
D) receiver-dialers

Question 35

Which form of shock incarceration was modeled after military basic training, emphasizing strict discipline, manual labor, and physical training?

A) boot camp
B) intensive supervision probation
C) pretrial diversion program
D) scared straight

Question 36

A majority of states limit intensive supervision probation to offenders who:

A) do not have a previous conviction.
B) do not have a prior probation violation.
C) do not have a drug problem.
D) do not have a job.

Question 37

Offenders sentenced to shock incarceration usually spend_______ in prison or jail before being released and resentenced to probation.

A) 90 days
B) 6 months
C) 9 months
D) 1 year

Question 38

Scared straight and boot camp are two forms of_______ .

A) home confinement
B) intensive supervision probation
C) pretrial diversion programming
D) shock incarceration

Question 39

Case 10-1
Scott is a 24-year-old high school dropout. He has been in and out of trouble with the law since he was a teenager, committing mostly public nuisance offenses such as disorderly conduct and public intoxication. His girlfriend just broke up with him because he had no ambition in his life and she did not want to take care of him. She threw him out of her apartment. Scott just agreed to plead guilty for the crime of burglary after he broke into his ex­girlfriend's car to steal the change that she keeps in the cup-holder.
The judge has scheduled a conference in his chambers with the prosecutor and the defense attorney. He instructs the two attorneys that he wants a plea deal with an agreed upon sentence the next morning. The judge explains to the prosecutor that many offenders are placed on probation for the same offense that Scott committed and never serve any jail or prison time. The judge further explains that if Scott is placed on probation he will require that Scott attend alcohol counseling and anger-control therapy. These conditions that the judge orders are referred to as:

A) punitive conditions.
B) rehabilitative conditions.
C) standard conditions.
D) treatment conditions.

Question 40

The most restrictive level of home monitoring is:

A) curfew.
B) home detention.
C) home incarceration.
D) electronic monitoring.

Question 41

The ideal probation officer-offender relationship is based on supervision and authority.

Question 42

Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
If Sandra is convicted, what would be the most likely reason that she would be denied probation?

A) Sandra is a female.
B) Sandra is only 18 years old.
C) Sandra used a weapon during the commission of the crime.
D) Sandra was in a gang.

Question 43

The first step of the revocation process is the arraignment.

Question 44

Most of the rules of evidence that govern regular trials do not play a role in revocation hearings.

Question 45

Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
At sentencing, Sandra's defense attorney suggests a punishment­oriented form of probation where she will be placed under strict and more frequent surveillance than conventional probation. This punishment is known as:

A) intensive supervision probation.
B) intermediate supervision probation.
C) shock supervision probation.
D) extreme supervision probation.

Question 46

Probation is the least common form of punishment in the United States.

Question 47

Case 10-2
Sandra was recently released from a juvenile detention facility. She was serving time for theft, burglary, and assault. Sandra was in a well-known street gang. To celebrate her release from the juvenile facility and her 18th birthday, Sandra decided it would be fun to carjack a car with her gang member friends. She took a gun from her older brother. On the evening of the carjacking, Sandra and a fellow gang member approached a car that was being driven by an elderly woman. Sandra pointed the gun at the woman through the driver's side window and screamed for her to get out of the car. When the victim opened her door, Sandra pulled her out of the car and pushed her on the ground. Sandra jumped into the driver's seat of the vehicle while Sandra's friend jumped into the passenger side of the car. They drove around for a couple of hours before crashing the car into a tree and fleeing the scene.
Sandra's fingerprints were found on the vehicle and the victim identified Sandra as the offender from a photo lineup. Sandra was brought into custody and charged with an armed carjacking. Because of previous violent felony convictions, Sandra is looking at being charged under habitual offender laws. She can potentially get a 25-year prison sentence.
Because Sandra is young and this is her first felony conviction as an adult, the judge is reluctant to sentence her to prison because he thinks it would be too harsh and counterproductive. However, he thinks that she requires stricter supervision than supplied by probation. What would be a likely sentence for Sandra in this situation?

A) atypical sanctions
B) intermediate sanctions
C) special sanctions
D) technical sanctions

Question 48

Community-based corrections programs are more cost efficient than incarceration.

Question 49

Community-based corrections are an important means of diverting criminals to alternative modes of punishment so that scarce incarceration resources are consumed by only the most dangerous criminals.

Question 50

Every nonviolent offender is eligible for probation.

Question 51

Anger-control therapy is an example of a punitive condition of probation.

Question 52

An offender is most likely to be denied probation if he or she seriously injured the victim of the crime.

Question 53

In the absence of trust, most probation officers rely on their authority to guide an offender successfully through the sentence.

Question 54

In larger jurisdictions, the same probation officers prepare the presentence investigative report and supervise offenders.

Question 55

While Sandra is serving her sentence in the community, she failed to satisfy the conditions of her probation sentence. What would be the first stage in her probation revocation?

A) preliminary hearing
B) revocation hearing
C) revocation sentencing
D) trial

Question 56

Most probationers are repeat offenders who have committed nonviolent crimes.

Question 57

Probationers who commit technical violations are very likely to have their probation revoked.

Question 58

The prosecutor demands that Sandra be required to remain at home at all times and only be allowed to leave her home for medical emergencies. This type of sentence is referred to as:

A) curfew.
B) home detention.
C) home incarceration.
D) shock incarceration.

Question 59

Conditions such as fines, restitution, and drug testing are considered standard conditions of probation.

Question 60

Split sentence probation is also known as shock probation.

Question 61

The power designated to an agent of the law over a person who has broken the law is _________________________.

Question 62

When parole is denied, the reasons usually involve poor prison behavior by the offender and/or the severity of the underlying crime.

Question 63

___________is a strategy to keep offenders who qualify away from prison and jail and sentence them to community-based and intermediate sanctions.

Question 64

With________ , the offender spends a certain amount of time each week, usually the weekends, in a jail, workhouse, or other government institution.

Question 65

In_____________ an offender is sentenced to prison or jail with the understanding that after a period of time, he or she may petition the court to be released on probation.

Question 66

Home detention is the strictest form of home monitoring.

Question 67

The federal Crime Victims' Rights Act provides victims with the right to be reasonably notified of any parole proceedings and the right to attend and be reasonably heard at such proceedings.

Question 68

Intermediate sanctions increase the amount of control the state exerts over the individual compared to standard probation.

Question 69

Not every offender is eligible for ______, especially someone who was convicted on multiple charges or who seriously injured the victim.

Question 70

Forfeiture is a process by which the government seizes property gained from or used in criminal activity.

Question 71

When authorities do attempt to revoke parole for a technical violation, they must not provide the parolee with a revocation hearing and counsel to represent the parolee.

Question 72

As a means to reverse patterns of self-destructive behavior,__________ conditions are imposed on the offender.

Question 73

Reporting regularly to the probation officer is an example of a__________ condition.

Question 74

Offenders who successfully complete pretrial diversion have the charges pending against them dropped.

Question 75

A goal of corrections that focuses on preparing the offender for a return to the community is ______________.

Question 76

Because of good-time credits and parole, most prisoners do not serve their entire sentence in prison.

Question 77

Intensive supervision probation (ISP) clients typically have lower violation rates than traditional probationers.

Question 78

Parole supervision is similar to probation supervision.

Question 79

____________conditions usually reflect the seriousness of the offense and are intended to increase the punishment of the offender.

Question 80

Boot camp is a variation on traditional shock incarceration.