Deck 6: Disorders of Attachment

Question 1

Insecure patterns of attachment are synonymous with clinical disorders of childhood.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Clinicians must consider "the past as it is active in the present" (Hirshberg, 1993). This statement would indicate which of the following?

A) Clinicians should not put too much weight on past experiences in the family but rather concentrate on the current reality.
B) Clinicians may need to consider ways in which past experiences continue to influence a family's current functioning.
C) Clinicians should not ask questions regarding past issues but rather focus on current situations.
D) Clinicians may need to consider ways in which families presently function in spite of past difficulties.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are caregiving factors related to the development of attachment disorders EXCEPT:

A) inadequate care.
B) inattentive caregiving.
C) intuitive caregiving.
D) intrusive care.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Children who are securely attached to a caregiver use that person as a source of security from which they can explore their world. This is known as a/n __________.

Question 5

According to the authors of the text, attachment is based on which of the following factors?

A) parental variables
B) child variables
C) a cumulative effect of multiple factors
D) all of these factors

Question 6

The fact that infants in a variety of cultures demonstrate similar attachment patterns would support the __________ of attachment processes and behaviors.

Question 7

Andrea, a 9-month-old infant, has experienced significant physical abuse at the hands of her mother's live-in boyfriend. Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Andrea?

A) She will develop disinhibited social engagement disorder.
B) She will develop reactive attachment disorder.
C) She is at risk for developing reactive attachment disorder.
D) She is at risk for developing depression as an adult.

Question 8

The authors of the text would support the fact that human attachments are especially fragile and easily broken through a variety of parent, child, and caregiving factors.

Question 9

Which of the following can be assumed from the discussion in the text?

A) Treatment of attachment disorders is straightforward and usually successful.
B) Prevention of attachment disorders is more effective than treatment.
C) Prevention of attachment disorders is unlikely since most families seclude themselves from those who can help.
D) Treatment of attachment disorders most often involves removing the child from the disordered home environment.

Question 10

One of the reasons it is difficult to diagnosis attachment disorders in adolescents is that behaviors:

A) exhibited by adolescents may be related to multiple factors both related and unrelated to attachment issues.
B) exhibited by adolescents might be a result of drug use.
C) identified in adolescence are complicated by hormones and brain development.
D) identified in adolescence are fairly well set and not amenable to change.

Question 11

The authors of the text would likely endorse which of the following statements?

A) Attachment must be established immediately after birth in order for children to develop healthy adult relationships.
B) Attachment is a multi-dimensional and dynamic process which can and does change over time.
C) Attachment involves multiple relationships and develops over a long period of time.
D) The authors would agree with all of these statements.

Question 12

Reactive attachment disorder is the most common type of attachment problem seen in young children.

Question 13

Assessment of attachment disorders usually includes interviews and direct observation.

Question 14

Tyler is a typically developing 11-month-old. According to research, by his first birthday he should have accomplished all of the following tasks related to attachment EXCEPT:

A) a sense of self.
B) a basic understanding of himself and the world.
C) use of reciprocal communication.
D) an attachment relationship.

Question 15

Maggie's mother has been hospitalized for several months to treat her drug addiction. Because of her unavailability for parenting, young Maggie has been in day care environments in which she was maltreated by caregivers and older children. Maggie now engages in stereotyped movements and often looks afraid and apprehensive, which might be signs of disorganized attachment.

Question 16

Researchers at the state university are conducting research designed to create situations in which they can directly observe attachment patterns in young children. They may be basing their research on the __________ originally developed by Mary Ainsworth.

Question 17

Researchers have identified a specific and effective way to treat attachment disorders in young children.

Question 18

Children with disordered patterns of attachment are more likely to be bullies than to be victims of bullying.

Question 19

According to the authors of the text, the development of an attachment relationship is second only to the ability to communicate in terms of a psychological achievement during late infancy.

Question 20

Children who are diagnosed with __________ have almost always been in very adverse situations (e.g., abusive homes or institutions).

Question 21

Identify two factors that may contribute to the development of disordered attachment.

Question 22

Describe the two terms "mentalizing" and "mind-reading skills" and how deficits in these two skills might lead to psychopathology in children.

Question 23

Develop and describe a comprehensive program that would include prevention and intervention for attachment disorders. Build on research-based programs discussed in your text.

Question 24

A 3-month-old infant is referred to your clinic by their primary care physician. Presenting problems include lack of eye contact, difficulty sleeping, restricted eating patterns, resistance to touch by caregivers and weight loss. Develop an assessment protocol (justify your approach) and provide a tentative diagnosis.

Question 25

Describe how the development of a basic understanding of others and the world can either increase risk for psychopathology or serve as a protective factor.

Question 26

Describe infant-parent psychotherapy and provide two examples of how it may be useful in treating disorders of attachment. What recommendations have come out of the research related to infant-parent psychotherapy?

Question 27

Describe and discuss the impact of early psychological deprivation as evidenced in the children in Romanian orphanages. How has this information led to interventions used with children today?

Question 28

Insecurity in children has been linked with ____________ in their parents.

Question 29

Zennah and Smyke (2009) assert that "only in highly unusual and maladaptive caregiving environments do attachments fail to develop." Discuss this statement in terms of what types of environments might lead to disordered attachment and how this information might be used to prevent and/or treat attachment disorders.

Question 30

Describe and discuss the three different types of insecure attachment patterns as it relates to short-term and long-term attachment.

Question 31

The Zero to Three (2005) classification scheme identifies atypical attachment related to three situations. Identify, describe, and give examples of each of these.

Question 32

Assessment of disorders of attachment includes more ________ assessment than research-oriented assessment.

Question 33

Discuss the following statement as it relates to the development of attachment disorders: Difficulties in early relationships can be considered a "marker of a beginning pathological process."

Question 34

Compare and contrast the DSM-V classification of attachment disorders with the Zero to Three classification.

Question 35

A team of professionals consisting of nurses, speech pathologists, early childhood educators, and school psychologists work with young families who have been referred by their primary care physicians as being at risk for the development of disordered attachments. This is an example of ________ measures.

Question 36

Discuss the difficulties with diagnosing disorders of attachment in older children and adolescents.

Question 37

Joshua, a 16-month-old, prefers to play alone, will approach strangers without displaying fear, and will wander away from his caregivers without hesitation. Joshua may be displaying signs of ________ disorder.

Question 38

According to the authors of this text, the most salient aspect of disordered attachments is the ________ relationship.