Deck 13: Maltreatment, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 1

The type of maltreatment that has the most long-term and negative impact on a child is ________.

Answer 1

emotional abuse, psychological abuse

Question 2

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the role of maltreatment in childhood psychopathology? Maltreatment is a:

A) diagnostic category that includes children who have been physically abused and are exhibiting maladaptive behaviors.
B) risk factor that may lead to a variety of maladaptive behaviors which may meet the criteria for a mental health disorder.
C) diagnostic category that includes children who have been physically, sexually, or emotionally abused.
D) risk factor that describes the victim and perpetrator's relationship as it leads to psychopathology.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more likely to occur if a child experiences all of the following EXCEPT:

A) repeated exposure to trauma.
B) overhearing another child talking about a traumatic experience.
C) direct exposure to trauma.
D) prolonged exposure to trauma.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Because of the difficulty associated with the identification of maltreatment, information should be obtained from multiple sources using multiple methods.

Question 5

Katherine was attending school five blocks away from the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Since that time, she continues to have disturbing nightmares about planes, avoids going close to tall buildings, and talks a lot about the scary things happening in her life. Katherine may be suffering from:

A) acute stress disorder.
B) a specific phobia.
C) PTSD.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 6

Physical abuse is the most common type of maltreatment for children under the age of ten.

Question 7

Mary's family has been identified as at-risk for neglecting Mary and her siblings. The family has been assigned a social worker who visits them weekly to model effective parenting strategies and connect them with community agencies. This is an example of prevention of maltreatment.

Question 8

Rose, a 4-year-old, has experienced abuse and neglect from both her mother and her mother's boyfriend. Rose may be at risk of developing developmental trauma disorder.

Question 9

The brain regions involved in stress responses include the ______, _______ and ________.

Question 10

When confronted with her abusive stepfather's angry words, young Annabelle retreats to her fantasy world where she is happy and safe. This behavior would be in which family of coping strategies?

A) problem-solving
B) helplessness
C) delegation
D) escape

Question 11

Living in a dangerous neighborhood and chaotic home is identified as one of the four pathways to poly-victimization.

Question 12

The most effective intervention for victims of mass trauma includes all of the following EXCEPT promotion of:

A) sense of safety.
B) hope.
C) connectedness.
D) forgiveness.

Question 13

Intrusive symptoms related to PTSD include flashbacks of the event.

Question 14

The most commonly diagnosed disorder associated with maltreatment is:

A) schizophrenia.
B) autism spectrum disorder.
C) depressive disorders.
D) ADHD.

Question 15

The fact that individuals are more prone to a physical illness following a traumatic event may be due to allostatic overload.

Question 16

One of the reasons it is difficult to study the developmental course of maltreatment is that:

A) maltreatment may be only one of several risk factors in a child's life.
B) many types of abuse are difficult to detect before a child is diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.
C) maltreatment usually occurs before a child has sufficient coping strategies to buffer its long-term impact.
D) it is a diagnostic category that is often overused.

Question 17

An adolescent is often unlikely to report maltreatment because of:

A) fear of retaliation.
B) fear of loss of control.
C) a close relationship with the perpetrator.
D) all of the above

Question 18

Harry and Annabelle's home was destroyed by an earthquake which left them without food and shelter for several days. This is an example of the "toxic family effect" leading to psychopathology.

Question 19

The authors of this text would likely agree with which of the following statements regarding the role of stress in an individual's life?

A) At one time, stress was necessary to protect an individual against predators, but it is no longer necessary in today's society.
B) Stress is an evolutionary-based brain response system that still functions to protect an individual in potentially dangerous situations.
C) Stress is maladaptive in today's society.
D) At one time in human evolution, stress was necessary to allow an individual to adapt quickly to their ever-changing environment, but it is maladaptive in today's society.

Question 20

Ellie's parents encourage her to count to 10 and breathe deeply when she encounters something she fears rather than running away. They are helping her avoid the most common type of maladaptive strategy known as _________.

Question 21

Living in dangerous neighborhoods is considered a/n ________ form of exposure while witnessing an assault is considered a/n ________ form of exposure.

Question 22

_________-focused strategies reduce further risk for maltreatment, ________ -focused strategies counterbalance risk, and _________-focused strategies promote well-being of the child.

Question 23

Based on what you've read in the text, develop a lobbying strategy to present to policy makers regarding key components of a supportive and effective mental health policy for the detection of maltreatment of children.

Question 24

Trauma-focused treatment often involves an exposure to the traumatic event known as _______ exposure.

Question 25

Describe the ecological-transactional model of child maltreatment as it relates to the understanding of how and why parents mistreat their children.

Question 26

The ________ effect describes how parental responses to trauma may elicit, maintain, and exacerbate a child's anxiety.

Question 27

Explain the concept of poly-victimization and how that helps in identifying children at risk for developing trauma-related disorders.

Question 28

Describe the key components of effective treatments for children with trauma-related disorders.

Question 29

Describe and give examples of the three parental factors identified in the text that contribute to the development of PTSD in children.

Question 30

Annie was in one of the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. Following this trauma, Annie decided to return to graduate school, began writing poetry, and reconnected with some of her long-lost friends. This is known as ________.

Question 31

Identify and give examples of the different types of maltreatment.

Question 32

Describe how allostatis and allostatic load contribute to an individual's adaptation to stress.

Question 33

Identify professionals who may be involved in the assessment and diagnosis of a child who has been exposed to trauma and what role they might play in this assessment and diagnosis.

Question 34

Ten-year-old Samantha witnessed her mother being killed by her stepfather. Samantha is at risk for developing _________.

Question 35

Describe how developmental trauma disorder is conceptualized and how it differs from PTSD.

Question 36

Ten-year-old Antonio is being treated for oppositional defiant disorder; however, his psychologist and pediatrician suspect that may have been maltreatment in his family. Describe a reasonable approach to diagnosing and assessing this possibility.

Question 37

Describe and give examples in which children might be at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder and one protective factor.

Question 38

One of the primary differences in the assessment of maltreatment and other childhood psychopathologies is the fact that a __________ team is often necessary to assess various aspects of maltreatment.

Question 39

Discuss why adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for the expression of stress and/or symptoms related to trauma.