Deck 6: Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System

Question 1

Nebulization can deliver respiratory drugs directly to the alveoli but is not as effective in veterinary medicine as in human medicine because

A)animals do not inhale deeply enough when nebulized.
B)the size of the particles is too big for animals alveoli.
C)animals do not have marcophages in their alveoli.
D)antibiotics can easily reach animals alveolar space.

Answer 1

animals do not inhale deeply enough when nebulized.

Question 2

Guaifenesin can be used:

A)as a mucolytic.
B)as a antiemetic.
C)as a stimulant to respiratory secretions.
D)to calm the GI tract.

Answer 2

as a stimulant to respiratory secretions.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a cause of nonproductive coughing?

A)Inspissated mucus
B)Early respiratory disease
C)Dehydration
D)Coughing up mucus

Answer 3

Coughing up mucus

Question 4

A former client calls your clinic and ask to have a prescription of hydrocodone filled for his dog who was hit by a car a week ago and is still experiencing pain. You have no record of seeing his pet in your clinic. Why can't you fill this prescription?

A)Hydrocodone will not help alleviate this dog's pain
B)Hydrocodone is not available for use in veterinary clinics
C)This drug requires a valid VCPR since its use is extra-label
D)This client is obviously a drug dealer and doesn't even have a dog

Question 5

Why is the administration of oxygen potentially problematic in animals requiring respiratory support?

A)Oxygen is too cold out of the tank to administer safely
B)Oxygen is extremely dry if not humidified
C)Aerobic respiratory bacteria boost their reproductive rate when exposed to O₂
D)Pure oxygen has an unpleasant smell

Question 6

________________ are used to remove accumulated fluids form the lungs.

A)Antihistamines
B)Histamines
C)Epsom salts
D)Diuretics

Question 7

Corticosteriods remain controversial in veterinary medicine as a treatment for respiratory disease since:

A)they are controlled substances.
B)they promote antibiotic resistances.
C)they suppress the animals immune system.
D)the destabilize capillaries.

Question 8

Antitussives that act upon the cough center neurons in the brainstem include all except:

A)butorphanol.
B)codeine.
C)hydrocodone.
D)dextromethorphan.

Question 9

What is the reason that decongestants often have a rapid heart rate as a side effect?

A)Stimulates the release of adrenal epinephrine
B)They function as anticholinergics
C)They are non-specific adrenergic agonists
D)They cause renal hypotension, which feeds back to increase cardiac output

Question 10

Identify which of the following in NOT an effect of histamine on bronchiolar smooth muscle.

A)Edema and congestion
B)Muscular relaxation
C)Bronchitis (bronchiolar inflammation)
D)Constriction of the bronchioles

Question 11

Which of the following products degrade mucus, making it less viscous and sticky?

A)Guaifenesin
B)Saline nose drops
C)Butorphanol
D)Acetylcysteine
E)Acetaminophen

Question 12

What is the usual target of decongestant medications such as pseudoephedrine?

A)( $\alpha$ ₁-Adrenergic receptor)
B)( $\alpha$ ₂-Adrenergic receptor)
C)( $\beta$ ₁-Adrenergic receptor)
D)( $\beta$ ₂-Adrenergic receptor)

Question 13

Methylxanthines such as theophylline can cause an upregulation of liver enzyme expression because of the drug's metabolism. As a result, the _______________ of other drugs such as barbiturates may be affected.

A)metabolism
B)mode of action
C)dose form
D)legality of use

Question 14

What is the minimum duration that an antimicrobial should be administered for a respiratory infection?

A)2 to 3 days
B)7 to 10 days
C)14 days
D)21 to 28 days

Question 15

Which receptor does histamine bind to cause its effects (which are of questionable clinical incidence) in the respiratory tract?

A)( $\alpha$ ₂-Adrenergic receptor)
B)(H₁ receptor)
C)(H₂ receptor)
D)(Nicotinic cholinergic receptor)

Question 16

Two conditions in veterinary medicine where the use of steroids has been beneficial are:

A)bacterial pneumonia and strangles.
B)Feline asthma and equine RAO.
C)bacterial pneumonia and feline asthma.
D)Equine RAO and shipping fever.

Question 17

Without a bacterial culture to definitively diagnose the cause to respiratory disease in a cat antibiotic therapy could:

A)be unnecessary since most Feline upper respiratory diseases are viral.
B)cause antibiotic resistance to develop.
C)provide a false sense of security to the owner.
D)All of the above

Question 18

A 2-week-old calf is experiencing severe malabsorptive diarrhea and labored breathing. The veterinarian and technician arrive to the farm and perform a complete physical examination on the patient. The calf is hypothermic, 8% dehydrated, tachycardic and tachypneic, but still has a suckle reflex. The veterinarian asks the technician to prepare intravenous fluids to treat this calf, but he farmer is surprised when they opt to not give systemic antibiotics to address the obvious pneumonia. What is the veterinarian's reason for doing this?

A)This calf is near death, and the vet is trying to save the farmer some money
B)This calf should be culled, and any antibiotic will show up as a drug residue
C)This calf doesn't likely have pneumonia
D)This veterinarian is new to the region, and doesn't know much about calves

Question 19

What is the main benefit of using butorphanol in an animal that is experiencing chest pain because of pleuritis associated with aspiration pneumonia?

A)Butorphanol is an OTC drug that is widely available
B)Butorphanol causes sedation, which will help the patient rest
C)Butorphanol is both an antitussive and an analgesic
D)Butorphanol does not cause human dependence, so is safe to have at home

Question 20

Which of the following is not true about Terbutaline, Albuterol, and Metaproterenol?

A)are used as bronchodilators.
B)are used to treat asthmatic-like syndromes.
C)have a shorter duration of action than epinephrine.
D)are more selective beta-2 agonists.

Question 21

Why does the use of bronchodilators of the $\beta$ ₂-class decrease in effect over time?

A)The lung adrenergic receptors increase
B)The lung adrenergic receptors decrease
C)These drugs are extremely cardiotoxic, causing nonfunctional heart damage
D)The body compensates by increasing the release of acetylcholine

Question 22

A common opioid cough formulation combines codeine with acetaminophen. In what species would this medication be extremely dangerous to use?

A)Dog
B)Cat
C)Horse
D)Rat

Question 23

What does the term MDI refer to?

A)Multiple dose indexes
B)Metered dose inhaler
C)Minimal disease incidences
D)Maximal duration of inflammation

Question 24

What illicit drug is similar in structure to the decongestant pseudoephedrine, requiring special limits to be put in place to allow purchase of this behind-the-counter medication?

A)Cocaine
B)Methamphetamine
C)Heroin
D)Psilocybin

Question 25

Placing a kitten with upper respiratory disease in a steamy bathroom produces a beneficial mucolytic affect and should be recommended to clients.