Deck 57: Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Question 1

Select the animal that is incorrectly matched with its desired product:

A) tiger-fur
B) bear-gallbladder
C) anteaters-bush meat
D) rhinos-horns
E) cheetah-liver

Answer 1

cheetah-liver

Question 2

Which of the following does not result from commercial harvest?

A) birds in pet stores.
B) deer in a nature reserve.
C) fish in aquaria.
D) lions in a zoo.
E) elephants in a circus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native is called:

A) parasitization.
B) infestation.
C) fragmentation.
D) biotic pollution.
E) commercial harvest.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Biological diversity is an index of the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, and includes:

A) species richness only.
B) species richness, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
C) species richness, biosphere diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
D) population diversity and ecosystem diversity.
E) genetic diversity only.

Question 5

Biotic pollution has been particularly harmful to native species:

A) in deserts.
B) in tundra.
C) on islands.
D) in tropical rain forests.
E) in grasslands.

Question 6

Estimates vary, but reasonable estimations of extinction rates suggest that extinction is occurring at a rate approximately __________ above the normal background rate.

A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) 10,000
E) 1,000,000

Question 7

All of these are reported to cause deformities in amphibians except:

A) pesticides.
B) pollution.
C) trematodes.
D) atrazine.
E) predators.

Question 8

Foreign species that have negative effects on native species are called:

A) prey species.
B) non-native species.
C) invasive species.
D) predator species.
E) endemic species.

Question 9

The ability to meet humanity's current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is:

A) environmental sustainability.
B) species richness.
C) biosphere diversity.
D) resource conservation.
E) habitat regeneration.

Question 10

When the death of species is less eminent, but the population of a particular species is quite small, it is defined as being:

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 11

Animals that are being hunted (often illegally) for body parts thought to have medicinal value include:

A) rhinos and bears.
B) cheetahs and snow leopards.
C) snow leopards and bears.
D) wolves and mountain lions.
E) mountain lions and black-footed ferrets.

Question 12

Today, the major danger to species is:

A) hunting by humans.
B) introduction of exotic species.
C) destruction of habitats.
D) predator control.
E) commercial harvesting.

Question 13

Harmful introduced species usually come into an area by:

A) human beings.
B) the species themselves.
C) hurricanes.
D) floods.
E) parasites.

Question 14

Building roads, parking lots, buildings and bridges all contribute to:

A) biotic pollution.
B) commercial harvest.
C) habitat destruction.
D) ex situ conservation.
E) restoration ecology.

Question 15

When a species dies, the species is said to be:

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic

Question 16

The breakup of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches is called:

A) extinction.
B) habitat fragmentation.
C) invasive species.
D) unsuitable territory.
E) habitat endangerment.

Question 17

An example of an animal already extinct, as a result of poaching, is the:

A) rhino.
B) passenger pigeon.
C) macaw.
D) Carolina parakeet.
E) wolf.

Question 18

An unprotected area of naturally occurring plant and animal assemblages that is surrounded by unsuitable territory due to development or habitat destruction is referred to by biologists as:

A) an island.
B) ex situ conservation.
C) a reserve.
D) a park.
E) a refuge.

Question 19

Examples of animals already extinct, or facing extinction as a direct result of deliberate efforts to exterminate them because of their perceived harm to economically useful species, include:

A) cheetahs and rhinos.
B) passenger pigeons and cheetahs.
C) prairie dogs and rhinos.
D) rhinos and macaws.
E) mountain lions and wolves.

Question 20

When a species' numbers are so severely reduced that it is in imminent danger of extinction throughout all or a significant part of its range, it is called:

A) extinct.
B) extant.
C) endangered.
D) threatened.
E) endemic.

Question 21

The collection of sperm from a male and the use of that sperm to impregnate a female of the same species is called:

A) host mothering.
B) artificial insemination.
C) in situ conservation.
D) in vitro fertilization.
E) ex situ conservation.

Question 22

Deforestation:

A) retards soil erosion.
B) releases carbon dioxide that may contribute to global warming.
C) has no effect on the extinction of biological species.
D) promotes the preservation of tropical birds.
E) is only a threat to tropical rain forests.

Question 23

The use of the principles of ecology to return a degraded environment as close as possible to its former state is called:

A) in situ conservation.
B) ex situ conservation.
C) conservation biology.
D) restoration ecology.
E) corridor formation.

Question 24

In the United States, the largest group of endangered species is:

A) mammals.
B) flowering plants.
C) insects.
D) birds.
E) amphibians.

Question 25

An example of ex situ conservation is a(n):

A) a national park.
B) a zoo.
C) a reserve.
D) a pet store.
E) a circus.

Question 26

What bird, due to human efforts, has been removed from the endangered species list and is now listed as threatened?

A) passenger pigeon
B) dusky seaside sparrow
C) hyacinth macaw
D) bald eagle
E) Carolina parakeet

Question 27

A biodiversity hotspot is a(n) :

A) protected area with few humans present.
B) type of island from which humans are leaving.
C) an area rich in endemic species and high in human population.
D) a type of corridor to which humans are rapidly migrating.
E) an area poor in endemic species in a tropical location.

Question 28

In __________, fertilized eggs from a rare species may be implanted in a related and less rare species.

A) host mothering
B) captive breeding
C) artificial insemination
D) commercial harvesting
E) sperm banking

Question 29

Deforestation in the boreal forests is due primarily to:

A) commercial logging for rare woods to be used in furniture.
B) commercial logging subsistance agriculture.
C) clear-cut logging for industrial wood.
D) slash-and-burn agriculture for farming
E) slash-and-burn agriculture for cattle ranching.

Question 30

Perhaps the biggest problem associated with the Endangered Species Act as it currently stands is that it:

A) tends to protect a limited number of organisms.
B) tends to protect plants and some animals, but often under-represents mammals and insects.
C) protects animals whose populations are currently on the increase.
D) currently protects ecosystem diversity.
E) has not been amended since its passage in 1962.

Question 31

Slash-and-burn agriculture:

A) is practiced by international corporations.
B) is practiced by large scale cattle ranchers.
C) includes fuel wood consumption.
D) is practiced by many people in highly developed countries.
E) is practiced by subsistence farmers.

Question 32

Which of the following is not considered a contributor to global warming?

A) carbon dioxide
B) chlorofluorocarbons
C) nitrous oxide
D) ethane
E) surface ozone

Question 33

Which of the following will not prevent the further buildup of greenhouse gases?

A) Plant a tree or, better yet, plant many trees.
B) Use your automobile less, and ride a bicycle more.
C) Produce less waste that goes to landfills.
D) Buy an air conditioner that uses chlorofluorocarbons.
E) Buy an automobile that is more fuel-efficient.

Question 34

The problems associated with slash-and-burn agriculture are most closely related to:

A) greed by international corporations.
B) overpopulation of indigenous people.
C) consumption by highly developed countries.
D) cattle ranching.
E) timber for export.

Question 35

All of the following are predicted effects of continued global warming except:

A) greater impact on plant species due to their inability to move about.
B) thermal expansion of a warmer ocean.
C) increased precipitation and flooding in mid-latitude continental interiors.
D) increased frequency and intensity of storms.
E) reproductive failure in some species, such as Adélie penguins.

Question 36

Climate change occurs because greenhouse gases absorb _______ radiation.

A) UVA
B) UVB
C) visible
D) infrared
E) cosmic

Question 37

All of the following are examples of ex situ conservation except:

A) breeding captive species in zoos.
B) collecting eggs from nature.
C) artificial insemination.
D) breeding captive species and collecting eggs from nature.
E) designating a large area as a national reserve.

Question 38

This is a practice in which a family produces enough food to feed itself.It accounts for perhaps 60% of tropical deforestation.

A) monoculture
B) subsistence agriculture
C) slash-and-burn agriculture
D) cattle ranching
E) subsistance ranching.

Question 39

In situ conservation includes:

A) zoos.
B) aquaria.
C) parks and preserves.
D) seed storage banks.
E) sperm banks.

Question 40

Commercial logging:

A) cuts trees primarily for use by developing countries.
B) cuts trees for subsistence farmers.
C) cuts trees primarily for export.
D) is a very sustainable practice in the tropics.
E) is most prevalent in temperate deciduous forests.

Question 41

Differentiate between the following terms: threatened species, endangered species, and extinct species.

Question 42

Stratospheric ozone is important, as it:

A) traps reradiated heat from the earth.
B) prevents heat penetration from the sun.
C) replenishes the surface ozone layer.
D) dissipates the surface ozone layer.
E) blocks solar UV radiation.

Question 43

An example of ex situ conservation is a national park.
___________________

Question 44

Identify three greenhouse gases and briefly explain how these gases are contributing to global warming.

Question 45

An example of in situ conservation is a zoo.
___________________

Question 46

Increased exposure to UV radiation is expected to increase rates of __________ in humans.

A) cataracts
B) glaucoma
C) psoriasis
D) shingles
E) alopecia

Question 47

The term species richness refers to the number of species in a specific location.
____________________

Question 48

An example of commercial harvest is the introduction of a foreign species into an area where it is not native.
___________________

Question 49

Which of the following is not considered a contributor to the destruction of stratospheric ozone?

A) carbon dioxide
B) chlorofluorocarbons
C) methyl chloroform
D) methyl bromide
E) carbon tetrachloride

Question 50

Habitat corridors allow animals to move from one habitat fragment to another.
___________________

Question 51

A(n) threatened species is a species in imminent danger of extinction.
___________________

Question 52

Global warming would result from an increase in which of the following components of the accompanying figure?

A) 1 and 2
B) 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 3
E) 4

Question 53

Differentiate between the problems and effects of global warming and ozone depletion.

Question 54

An example of a(n) ecosystem service is the boreal forest contributing to the proper functioning of the global nitrogen cycle.
___________________

Question 55

Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming by absorbing UV radiation.
___________________

Question 56

Which of the following has increased as a direct result of stratospheric ozone depletion?

A) CO₂
B) UVB
C) CFCs
D) nitrous oxides
E) sulfur oxides

Question 57

The Montreal Protocol:

A) has not yet resulted in measurable decreases in the quantity of global warming chemicals.
B) has not yet been ratified by the U.S.Senate.
C) banned global use of CFCs by 1998.
D) was signed by all 50 states.
E) stipulated a 50% reduction in CFCs.

Question 58

Host mothering is technique important in in situ conservation.
___________________

Question 59

By definition, a(n) endemic species is a species that is not found anywhere else in the world.
___________________

Question 60

In slash-and-burn agriculture, the yield from the first crop is usually quite high.
___________________

Question 61

The greenhouse gas presently at highest concentration in the Earth's atmosphere is methane.
___________________

Question 62

List four reasons for deforestation in the tropics.Which of these are associated with consumption by persons in highly developed countries? Which are associated with overpopulation of indigenous persons?

Question 63

Ozone molecules in the stratosphere shield the Earth from damaging UV radiation.
___________________

Question 64

Give examples of at least two species that are either extinct or facing extinction due to each of the following: 1) destruction of habitat, 2) biotic pollution, 3) unregulated hunting and poaching, 4) deliberate pest or predator control, and 5) commercial harvesting.

Question 65

Give several examples of in situ and ex situ conservation.What are advantages and disadvantages of each approach to conservation?

Question 66

An example of an atom or molecule that directly breaks down O₃ is CFC.
___________________