Deck 30: An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Question 1

The adult form of which of the following animals is not capable of locomotion?

A) sponges
B) jellyfish
C) ctenophores
D) planarians
E) flukes

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If a marine invertebrate were placed into freshwater, it would have difficulty surviving because:

A) it would not be able to obtain food.
B) it would have difficulty with osmoregulation.
C) it would not experience the temperature stability found in the oceans.
D) it would not be able to obtain oxygen due to the absence of waves in the water.
E) it would have difficulty with buoyancy.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

A) Cnidaria
B) Ctenophora
C) Echinodermata
D) Porifera
E) Annelida

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The first land animals, arthropods, moved onto land about:

A) 650 million years ago.
B) 450 million years ago.
C) 250 million years ago.
D) 150 million years ago.
E) 50 million years ago.

Question 5

All of the following are characteristic of life in a marine environment except?

A) Many nutrients and gases are dissolved in the water and are readily available.
B) Buoyancy helps to support the organisms.
C) Currents may wash organisms away from suitable habitats.
D) Osmotic balance is very difficult for invertebrates to maintain.
E) Temperatures are relatively stable.

Question 6

Animals apparently evolved:

A) in freshwater.
B) in the ocean.
C) during the Cambrian explosion.
D) in swamps.
E) during the Devonian.

Question 7

All cephalic organisms:

A) have bilateral symmetry.
B) have a coelom.
C) receive stimuli equally from all directions.
D) have bilateral symmetry and a coelom.
E) have bilateral symmetry, a coelom, and receive stimuli equally from all directions.

Question 8

As a scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional animal phylogenies?

A) newly discovered prokaryotes in soil
B) the fossil record
C) predator-prey relationships
D) better electron microscope pictures of cells
E) molecular data

Question 9

The primary problem animals faced in adapting to life on land was:

A) finding a mate in the new environment.
B) being able to move around in the new environment.
C) the presence of predators, which was not a problem in the ocean.
D) the dry atmosphere.
E) acquiring enough oxygen.

Question 10

Which of the following would not be true of bilateral symmetry?

A) It evolved in cephalic organisms.
B) It evolved in cnidarians.
C) Animals with bilateral symmetry have oral and aboral surfaces.
D) It results from schizocoelous development.
E) It occurs in diploblastic organisms.

Question 11

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

A) They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.
B) They are unable to sexually reproduce.
C) They are limited in the variety of food they can consume.
D) They are not capable of locomotion during their lifetime.
E) As adults, they are haploid.

Question 12

Which of the following was not an adaptation for animals to live on land?

A) internal fertilization
B) egg shell
C) embryo development within the female
D) external respiratory surfaces
E) skeletal system and muscles

Question 13

Amphibians appeared on land about:

A) 543 million years ago.
B) 450 million years ago.
C) 420 million years ago.
D) 250 million years ago.
E) 65 million years ago.

Question 14

The first air-breathing land animals were:

A) vertebrates.
B) amphibians.
C) snails.
D) reptiles.
E) arthropods.

Question 15

Currently, for any organism to be considered as an animal it must:

A) show evidence of locomotion.
B) not be an autotroph.
C) show evidence of sexual reproduction.
D) have a brain and nervous system.
E) be at the tissue level of organization.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a characteristic of any animal?

A) locomotion at some time during the life cycle
B) multicellular eukaryotes
C) heterotrophic
D) sexual reproduction involving motile sperm
E) share a common body plan

Question 17

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

A) They did not require a skeleton for support.
B) Reproduction was independent of internal fertilization.
C) The effects of gravity were minimal.
D) Osmoregulation was not difficult.
E) The changeable temperature facilitated natural selection.

Question 18

Within the kingdom Animalia there are about:

A) 325 phyla.
B) 16 classes.
C) 32 classes.
D) 35 phyla.
E) 6 phyla.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a reason to explain why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

A) Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids.
B) Freshwater generally has a less constant temperature environment.
C) Freshwater generally has a less constant oxygen environment.
D) Freshwater generally is more turbid.
E) Freshwater generally contains less food.

Question 20

The diverse body plans seen in Animalia apparently developed during the:

A) Precambrian
B) Cambrian.
C) Mesozoic.
D) Silurian.
E) Devonian.

Question 21

How many planes divide the body of a biradially symmetric animal into two equal parts?

A) none
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
E) more than 4

Question 22

What do ribbon worms and flatworms have in common?

A) They are coelomates.
B) They are pseudocoelomates.
C) They are acoelomates.
D) They have two germ layers.
E) They have three germ layers.

Question 23

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs:

A) is a pseudocoelom lined by endoderm.
B) is a pseudocoelom lined by mesoderm.
C) is a coelom lined by endoderm and mesoderm.
D) is a coelom lined by ectoderm.
E) is a coelom lined by mesoderm.

Question 24

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

A) A pseudocoelom is a cavity not found between tissues.
B) A pseudocoelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
C) A coelom is a cavity fully lined by endoderm.
D) A coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
E) A coelom is a cavity between two tissue layers.

Question 25

Diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians and __________, have only two germ layers, ectoderm and __________.

A) sponges; ectoderm
B) sponges; mesoderm
C) ctenophores; mesoderm
D) ctenophores; endoderm
E) ctenophores; metaderm

Question 26

In deuterostomes the first opening develops into the:

A) coelom.
B) gut.
C) anus.
D) mouth.
E) nostril.

Question 27

Hox genes have been identified in:

A) bilaterally symmetric animals only.
B) radially symmetric animals only.
C) asymmetric animals only.
D) both asymmetic and radially symmetric animals only.
E) both bilaterally symmetric and radially symmetric animals only.

Question 28

A __________ plane divides the animal body into dorsal and ventral parts.

A) median
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) cross
E) transverse

Question 29

Ctenophores exhibit:

A) bilateral symmetry.
B) spherical symmetry.
C) linear symmetry.
D) radial symmetry.
E) circular symmetry.

Question 30

If you are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth, you may be looking at:

A) an arthropod.
B) an animal in which the embryo undergoes radial cleavage.
C) an animal in which the embryo undergoes indeterminate cleavage.
D) an animal in which the embryo undergoes enterocoely.
E) an animal in which the embryo undergoes radial, indeterminate cleavage and enterocoely.

Question 31

Who am I? I belong to the metazoa but not the eumetazoa.

A) cnidarians
B) flatworms
C) sponges
D) molluscs
E) ctenophores

Question 32

Which of the following words are incorrectly paired?

A) head end-anterior
B) coelom-body cavity
C) schizocoelous development-deuterostome
D) shelled egg-internal fertilization
E) mesoderm-muscles

Question 33

Which of the following statements concerning the development of a coelom is FALSE?

A) It requires animals to have either two or three tissue layers.
B) It requires the endoderm to be covered by mesoderm.
C) It occurs in protostomes and deuterostomes.
D) It may occur by schizocoely.
E) It is a fluid-filled cavity.

Question 34

If a doctor wants to make an incision to remove the gall bladder (a small organ under the liver), s/he would most likely make a cut in which plane?

A) median
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) cephalic
E) transverse

Question 35

A true body cavity completely surrounded by __________ is called a coelom.

A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) exoderm
E) mesoglea

Question 36

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

A) endoderm.
B) ectoderm.
C) germ cells.
D) mesoderm.
E) pseudoderm.

Question 37

To include your eyes and ears in the same section, you would need to cut your body in which plane?

A) median
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) transverse
E) cephalic

Question 38

The head end of an animal is termed its:

A) posterior end.
B) ventral end.
C) inferior end.
D) lateral end.
E) anterior end.

Question 39

The __________ gives rise to muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.

A) endoderm
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) blastopore
E) mesoglea

Question 40

You take a dog's temperature at the rectal end of the large intestine.Which surface is this?

A) caudal
B) ventral
C) dorsal
D) cephalic
E) superior

Question 41

Figure 30-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 30-1.The development pattern labeled Type A is characteristic of:

A) ctenophores.
B) chordates.
C) cnidarians.
D) annelids.
E) echinoderms.

Question 42

The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation.
____________________

Question 43

Hox genes have been identified in all bilaterally symmetric animal groups.
____________________

Question 44

List the main differences between protostomes and deuterostomes.

Question 45

Indeterminate cleavage takes place in __________ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is __________.

A) protostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
B) protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
C) deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
D) deuterostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
E) coelomates; fixed early in the developmental process

Question 46

Figure 30-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 30-1.The tissue layer labeled 5 will give rise to the:

A) skeletal system.
B) muscles.
C) circulatory system.
D) lining of the digestive system.
E) nervous system.

Question 47

Echinoderms do not:

A) develop as deuterostomes.
B) fall within the group Bilateria.
C) show evidence of segmentation.
D) fall on the eumetazoan branch of animals.
E) fall within the group Deuterostomia.

Question 48

Protostomes but not deuterostomes:

A) will have bilateral symmetry.
B) will have radial symmetry.
C) will have a developmental process that includes indeterminate cleavage.
D) will have a developmental process that includes radial cleavage.
E) will have a developmental process that includes spiral cleavage.

Question 49

Radial cleavage is found in the:

A) arthropods.
B) mollusks.
C) echinoderms.
D) annelids.
E) cnidarians.

Question 50

Determinate cleavage takes place in __________ and is characterized by a pattern of development where the ultimate fate of each cell is __________.

A) protostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
B) protostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
C) deuterostomes; not fixed until late in the developmental process
D) deuterostomes; fixed early in the developmental process
E) coelomates; fixed early in the developmental process

Question 51

Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water.
____________________

Question 52

Figure 30-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Refer to Figure 30-1.The development pattern labeled Type B is characteristic of:

A) arthropods.
B) platyhelminths.
C) cnidarians.
D) echinoderms.
E) annelids.

Question 53

Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is not completely lined with __________.These animals include __________ and roundworms.

A) endoderm; nemerteans
B) endoderm; flatworms
C) mesoderm; rotifers
D) mesoderm; flatworms
E) mesoderm; nemerteans

Question 54

In most deuterostomes, the mesoderm forms by:

A) duplication of the ectoderm.
B) schizocoely.
C) migration.
D) enterocoely.
E) blastocoely.

Question 55

The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions.
____________________

Question 56

Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates.
____________________

Question 57

Which of the following phyla do not develop as protostomes?

A) flatworms
B) molluscs
C) annelids
D) arthropods
E) echinoderms

Question 58

Figure 30-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
How can radial symmetry be an advantage to slow-moving or sessile marine organisms?

Question 59

Figure 30-1
Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).
Explain the classification animals on the basis of the type of body cavity present.Use correct terminology and give an example of each.

Question 60

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

A) Protostomes are diploblastic.
B) Protostomes have radial symmetry.
C) The first opening that develops in protostomes is the anus.
D) Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.
E) Protostomes undergo indeterminate cleavage during development.

Question 61

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
blastopore becomes mouth

Question 62

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
determinate cleavage

Question 63

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
schizocoely

Question 64

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
Describe the problems associated with a terrestrial existence and some of the adaptations of some animals for dealing with these problems.

Question 65

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
spiral cleavage

Question 66

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
radial cleavage

Question 67

A true coelom develops within the ectoderm.
____________________

Question 68

In deuterostomes the blastopore develops into the mouth.
____________________

Question 69

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
Discuss the evolution of the coelom and pseudocoelom.What advantages do coelomate animals have over acoelomates?

Question 70

Eumetazoans are animals having only one tissue layers.
____________________

Question 71

Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage.
____________________

Question 72

The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head.
____________________

Question 73

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
blastopore becomes anus

Question 74

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
indeterminate cleavage

Question 75

Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa.
____________________

Question 76

An example of an animal that is a metazoan is a sponge.
____________________

Question 77

The nervous system develops from endoderm.
____________________

Question 78

MATCHING
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes.
a.deuterostomes
b.protostomes
enterocoely

Question 79

The body of a bilaterally symmetrical animal can divided into two equivalent halves by more than one plane.
____________________